Winter Hardy Wine Grape Research

University of Wisconsin - Madison

West Madison Ag Research Station Judith Reith-Rozelle

Assistant SuperintendentWest Madison Agricultural Research Station

Seedless Table Grape Trails and Winter Hardy Wine Grape Research Project

Winter-Hardy Wine Grape Research ProjectWinter Survival – West Madison

2010 Growing Season

2011 Program

Seedless Table Grape Trail2010 Growing Season

Report – Fours Years of GrowingJudith Reith-Rozelle

Assistant SuperintendentWest Madison Agricultural Research

Station

Spring Bud Break – 2010Wine Grapes

April 6 – Bud swell on 3 varieties - Foch, LaCrosse, and LaCrescent

April 11 – Bud swell on 9 varieties

April 14 -19 - Bud break on 9 of the varieties

May 2 - Bud break - Vignoles

May 3 - Three to four inches of growth on 9 varieties

May 4 - First spray

May 8 – 30.9 F table grape plots/33.8 F wine grape plots

April 20 - FochApril 6 – Foch April 26 - Foch

May 10 - Foch

Winter Survival 2009 - 2010

Winter Damage – Three VarietiesSevyal Blanc – severe winter injury

Noiret – severe winter injury

VignolesPrimary bud mortality – winter injury

Secondary buds survived

Winter Survival 2009 – 2010Wine Grapes

No winter damageBriannaLaCresentLaCrosseFochFrontenacLeon MillotMarquette MN1220 – planted 2009

Brianna

LaCrescent

FochNew York 76

Diseases2010

Foliar Diseases: Downy Mildew –

LaCrescent

LaCrosse

New York 76 – very late in season

Powdery Mildew: LaCrescent

LaCrosse

Fruit Diseases:Sour Rot – Brianna

Brianna

Insects2010

Insect Problems:Japanese beetle

July – one outbreakLeaf Hoppers

Grape Phylloxera – Leon MillotOctober

Harvest – 2010Wine Grapes

Brianna

LaCrescentFoch

New York 76VignolesMarquette

LaCrosse Leon Millot Frontenac

Fruit Production                       

  453 g/lb Rep 1   Rep 2   Rep 3   Rep 4    

                       

Cultivar Name

Hrvst Date

Avg lb/vine

Total wght Kg

Total lbs.

Total wght Kg

Total lbs.

Total wght Kg

Total lbs.

Total wght Kg

Total lbs.  

Frontenac 9/2 13.80 22.68 49.96 21.89 48.22 31.41 69.19 24.27 53.46  

Marquette 8/27 7.38 14.29 31.50 14.06 31.00 13.72 30.25 11.45 25.25  

Foch 8/29 9.03 10.55 23.25 22.05 48.60 23.22 51.20 9.71 21.40  

LaCrescent 8/24 9.72 18.46 40.66 16.62 36.61 22.13 48.74 13.36 29.43  

Leon Millot 8/24 6.51 11.89 26.19 11.38 25.07 13.10 28.85 10.90 24.01  

NY76 9/2 9.35 11.00 24.23 19.90 43.83 17.46 38.46 19.56 43.08  

LaCrosse 8/30 13.69 24.10 53.12 25.90 57.00 23.90 52.60 25.54 56.30  

Brianna 8/27 8.75 19.73 43.46 17.46 38.46 14.57 32.09 11.79 25.97  

Vignoles 9/2 *3.36 6.63 14.60 7.26 15.99 8.62 18.99 1.93 4.25  

                       

                       

Brix

Cultivar Date/Brix Date/Brix Date/Brix Date/Brix Date/Brix Date/Brix Harvest

  8/9/2010 8/15/2010 8/23/2010 8/24/2010 8/27/2010 8/30/2010 Date

Frontenac 14.6 19 19 20.5 21.5 22 9/2

Marquette 19.8 21.6 21 21.5 22.2 # 8/27

Foch 18.5 20.5 21.5 21.5 21.8 22.5 8/30

La Crescent 16.2 19.4 22.5 22.5 # # 8/24

Leon Millot 18.1 19.2 19.6 20.5 # # 8/24

NY76 10.3 15.1 17 17 18.1 17.5  9/2

La Crosse 12.9 15.5 17.3 21.5 19.5 # 8/30

Brianna 17.7 19.3 20.2 21.5 22 # 8/27

Vignoles 11.3 14.1 20.5 19.3 20.4 20.2  9/2

2011Canopy Management/Fruit Set

Canopy management will be one focus of 2011 research

Thinning and pruning – produce more open canopy

Possible growth regulator on varieties that have very tight clusters……..still being discussed

2011 Fruit Analysis

Fruit Analysis:pH, TA, Brix, Total phenolics AnthocyaninsPhenolic profiles

Dr. Rebecca Harbut, Beth Workmaster, Dean Volenburg, and staff at Peninsular and West Madison Research Stations

Fruit Analysis

Fruit Analysis:Jelly tasting

Marqette/Brianna

Marquette

Seedless Table Grapes Variety Trails

West Madison Agricultural Research StationMadison, Wisconsin

College of Agriculture & Life SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin Madison

Seedless Table Grape Trial Design

July 18, 2007

First trail established in June 2007 at West Madison Research Station

Fifteen Grape Cultivars Six Red

Five Blue

Four White

Three plants each cultivar

- Double Trunks

Grape Vine Development - 2009

Winter InjuryGlenoraHimrodRelianceMarquis

Spring Bud Break - 2010

April 12 – Bud break - 10 varieties/ 3 - bud swelling/ 2- no growth

April 18 – 30.9 F/ in table grape plot/ 34.8 F/ wine grape plots

May 3 - Three to four inches of growth - 6 varieties

May 4 - First spray

May 8 – 33.9 degrees table grape plots

April 12 - Lakemont April 26 - TrollhaugenApril 12 - Canadice

2010 Winter Injury/Frost DamageRed Grapes

Cultivar Name Color Winter Injury Frost Injury 5/28

Somerset Seedless Red 0% 0%

Concord Seedless Blue 0% 0%

Trollhaugen Blue 0% 0%

Interlaken White 0% 66%

Lakemont White 0% 90%

Mars Blue 0% 10%

Canadice Red 10% 30%

Vanessa Red 10% 65%

Einset Red 10% 10%

Reliance Red 20% 20%

Marquis White 30% 75%

Venus Blue 33% 66%

Himrod White 60% 75%

Glenora Blue 100%

Seedless Table Grape Training System

Double Trunk

Illustrations from:Ohio State Univ.Bulletin 815, Agdex 231

Brix and Harvest WeightsTable Grapes - Brix/Fruit Weight - 2010

Date of Ripening  

3 Vines  8/15 8/21 9/7

Cultivar Name Color Harvest Wt lbs Brix Brix Brix

Somerset Seedless* Red 38 18.50 20.00 harv

Canadice Red 21 18.00 19.20 21.20

Concord Seedless * Blue 32 14.00 16.80 17.00

Vanessa* Red 12 16.50 17.50 harv  

Trollhaugen* Blue 41 18.50 19.30 19.0

Einset * Red 25 17.50 19.60 harv

Venus * Blue 10 16.50 17.90 harv

Interlaken White 8 15.90 19.10 21.00

Lakemont White 19 16.80 19.50 harv  

Mars * Blue 36 14.50 17.10 18.50

Marquis White 21 15.30 18.20 harv  

Himrod White 16 18.50 19.20 harv

Reliance Red 15 19.10 20.50 harv  

Diseases

Foliage Diseases:Downy Mildew – Marquis and VenusPowdery Mildew – Einset, Canadice, MarsPhomopsis and Leaf Spot – Leaf Spot on a few varieties very minimal

Fruit Disease:Botrytis Bunch Rot or Gray RotBlack RotSour Rot

Cane, Root, Trunk Disease:Crown Gall – Venice and Canadice

Bacterial disease Pennsylvania State University photo

Recommended Cultivars -2010

Einset – -25 F/, red seedless grape with a unique, sweet, fruity flavor. Some remnant seeds –

Average cluster 182 g/ berry 2.8 g, can leave on vine for weeks, harvested 8/21/2009 - 8/21/ 2010 –

Ratings by sampling group 4.04

Mars – -20 F/, blue seedless grape, berries are slipskin, have a strong “concord” flavor –

Average cluster 140 g/berry 2.6 g,

Ratings by sampling group 3.28

Recommended Cultivars -2010

Somerset Seedless - -30 F/ a red seedless grape with small berries, complex flavor

Average cluster 131 g/ berry 1.2 g,

Harvested 8/20/2009 - 8/15/ 2010 –

Can leave on vine for several weeks -Rating by sample group - 3.94.

Trollhaugen - -30 F/a blue seedless table grape. Good diseases resistance, fruit - sweet, intense, spicy flavor –

Average cluster 115 g/berry 1.7 g, Rating by sampling group – 3.36

Varieties with Good Possibilities

Canadice – -25 F/ Fruit very complex flavor and deep rose color, monitor for disease problems – rating by sampling group – 3.48

Cluster weight = 125 g/Berry weight = 1.8 g -harvested 8/20/2009 – 8/21/2010

Reliance – -25 F/ Good disease resistance, Fruit excellent deep flavor and slightly melting texture – rating by sampling group - 4.16

Cluster weight = 152 g/ Berry weight = 2.8 g - harvested 8/21/2010

Varieties with Good Possibilities

Lakemont – - 20 F/ mild, sweet, bit spicy flavor and beautiful, white, gold color

Cluster weight = 220 g. Berry weight = 1.9 g

Interlaken - Winter hardy- Zone 6, beautiful green, gold color and mild, sweet, bit spicy flavor fruit

Cluster weight = 195 g. Berry weight = 1.9 g

Varieties with Good Possibilities

Vanessa – Hardy, productive flavor is fruit is sweet, mild flavored, relatively small, berry texture is firm (not enough for sampling)

Cluster weight = 102 g Berry weight = 1.2 g

Venus - -20 F/ productive blue-black fruit with very spicy, complex taste. The medium-large clusters ripen early– rating by sampling group - 4.16

Cluster weight = 228 g. Berry weight = 3.2 g

Varieties with Some Possibilities

Marquis - White grape with large, sweet, mild fruit, large clusters.

Cluster weight = 165 g. Berry weight = 2.9 g

Himrod – White seedless that is relative of Thompson Seedless

Cluster weight = 165 g. Berry weight = 1.8 g

Varieties Removed

Saturn – Fruit seeded/bitter

Glenora – Not winter hardy in WI

Concord Seedless – Fruit seeded, uneven ripening

Report on Seedless Table Grape Trials

On-line at:Wisconsin Grape Growers Association

http://wigrapes.org

West Madison Research Station Garden Web Sitehttp://www.cals.wisc.edu/westmad/garden/

Garden Blog http://universitydisplaygardens.com

Section 4 - Conclusions Gathered Based through Project Work:

Program for 2011

Try different pruning technique

Plant two new selections:Jupiter

Not decided

Apply growth regulator:Somerset Seedless – increase size of fruit

Seedless Table Grape Trials Support2010 - 2011

Agricultural Development & Diversification Program (ADD) – 2007 - 2010

2010 – 2011 – Specialty Crops Grant – Wisconsin Grape Growers Association

Wisconsin Winery

University of Wisconsin – Madison, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences