Seedless Table Grapes 2009 Update Judith Reith-Rozelle Assistant Superintendent University of Wisconsin, West Madison Agricultural Research Station 8502

Seedless Table GrapesSeedless Table Grapes2009 Update2009 Update

Judith Reith-RozelleAssistant SuperintendentUniversity of Wisconsin, West MadisonAgricultural Research Station8502 Mineral Point RoadVerona, WI [email protected]

Seedless Table Grape TrialsSeedless Table Grape Trials

Third Year Trial Data:Third Year Trial Data:Variety/Cultivar performanceVariety/Cultivar performanceRipening SequenceRipening SequenceCluster weightsCluster weights Data collection/program for 2010 Data collection/program for 2010

Judith Reith-RozelleAssistant SuperintendentWest Madison Agricultural Research Station

Seedless Table Grape Trial Seedless Table Grape Trial DesignDesign

Non-Replicated Trial

Established in June 2007 at West Madison Agricultural Research Station

Fifteen Grape Cultivars

Six Red

Five Blue

Four White

Three plants each variety

Training Methods for Table GrapesTraining Methods for Table Grapes

Mid-wire Cordon with Vertical Shoot Positioning

Photos – Selections at West Madison and Peninsular

High Wire Cordon

•Concord Seedless

•Somerset Seedless

•Mars

Grape Vine Development - 2009Grape Vine Development - 2009

Spring - 2009No bud or cane damage on 12 varieties - low temp ( -28 degrees)

Bud damage

Glenora

Himrod

Reliance

June 10, 2009 - CanadiceJune 10, 2009 - Canadice

May 11, 2009 - SaturnMay 11, 2009 - Saturn

Fruit and Flower Formation Fruit and Flower Formation

Controlled development of all fruit/flower production: Controlled development of all fruit/flower production: removed all flower clusters in 07 – 08 – Thinned removed all flower clusters in 07 – 08 – Thinned flower clusters 2009. flower clusters 2009.

June 10, 2009 -Saturn

Diseases/InsectsDiseases/Insects

Diseases in Select Cultivars:Diseases in Select Cultivars:Sprayed all vines following recommended Sprayed all vines following recommended schedule and chemicalsschedule and chemicals

Black Rot or Phomopsis - Marquis fruit/foliage Black Rot or Phomopsis - Marquis fruit/foliage

Powdery Mildew - Glenora and MarquisPowdery Mildew - Glenora and Marquis

Insect Pressure on Cultivars:Insect Pressure on Cultivars:Japanese Beetles Japanese Beetles

Leaf HoppersLeaf Hoppers

Seedless Table Grape VarietiesSeedless Table Grape Varieties

RedsReds BluesBluesCanadiceCanadice Concord Seedless Concord SeedlessEinsetEinset Glenora Glenora Reliance Reliance Mars MarsSaturnSaturn Trollhaugen TrollhaugenSomerset Somerset Seedless Venus Seedless Venus VanessaVanessa

WhitesWhitesHimrodHimrodInterlakenInterlakenLakemontLakemontMarquisMarquis

Photos: UW – Madison, West Madison Agricultural Research Station Staff


Red Seedless Red Seedless Non-slipskinNon-slipskin

CanadiceCanadice (New York) (New York)Mid-Season - 9/2/09 Mid-Season - 9/2/09

Brix 18.10Brix 18.10

Fruit clusters compactFruit clusters compact

Flesh crispFlesh crisp

Flavor very spicy, sweet, Flavor very spicy, sweet, complex complex Photos: UW – Madison, West

Madison Agricultural Research Station Staff


Red SeedlessRed SeedlessEinsetEinset (New York)(New York)

Early-Season - 9/20/09Early-Season - 9/20/09Brix 19.10Brix 19.10

Fruit clusters loose to open Fruit clusters loose to open

Flesh tender to firmFlesh tender to firm

Skin, thicker than other, Skin, thicker than other, nonslipnonslip

Flavor very unique Flavor very unique complexcomplex


Seedless Table Grape Varieties Seedless Table Grape Varieties

Red SeedlessRed SeedlessRelianceReliance (Arkansas) (Arkansas)

Mid-SeasonMid-SeasonLimited fruit 2009 - 4 clusters Limited fruit 2009 - 4 clusters

Winter damage 2007 – vines Winter damage 2007 – vines froze to ground levelfroze to ground level

Replanted in 2008, due to Replanted in 2008, due to possible herbicide damagepossible herbicide damage

Photo: UW – Madison, West Madison Agricultural Research Station Staff


Red SeedlessRed SeedlessSaturnSaturn (Arkansas) (Arkansas)


Fruit clusters very openFruit clusters very open

Pollination problemPollination problem

Flesh crispFlesh crisp

Flavor very spicyFlavor very spicy

Seeds developed 2009Seeds developed 2009

Not small seed tracesNot small seed traces


Photo: Courtesy of New York State, Agricultural Research Station - Geneva


Red SeedlessRed SeedlessSomerset SeedlessSomerset Seedless (Elmer Swenson)(Elmer Swenson)

Early-Season – 8/14/09Early-Season – 8/14/098/20/09 sweeter -8/20/09 sweeter -Brix 20.0Brix 20.0

9/2/09 extremely 9/2/09 extremely sweet – Brix 22.1sweet – Brix 22.1

Fruit clusters open Fruit clusters open Flesh tender to firmFlesh tender to firmFlavor spicy, complex Flavor spicy, complex



Red SeedlessRed SeedlessVanessaVanessa (Ontario) (Ontario)

Mid-Season - 9/2/09Mid-Season - 9/2/09Brix 16.3Brix 16.3

Fruit clusters very compactFruit clusters very compact

Flesh crisp, firmFlesh crisp, firm

Flavor very fruity, sweet, Flavor very fruity, sweet, spicy spicy

No seed remnantNo seed remnant



White SeedlessWhite SeedlessNon slipskinNon slipskin

HimrodHimrod (New York) (New York) Mid-SeasonMid-Season

No fruit 2009No fruit 2009Winter damage 2007 – Winter damage 2007 – vines froze to groundvines froze to groundStruggled in 2008, due to Struggled in 2008, due to possible herbicide possible herbicide damage on new growthdamage on new growth

Photo: Courtesy of New York State, Agricultural Research Station - Geneva


White SeedlessWhite SeedlessInterlakenInterlaken (New York) (New York)


Fruit clusters openFruit clusters open

Flesh crisp, firm Flesh crisp, firm

Flavor very clean, sweet Flavor very clean, sweet



White SeedlessWhite SeedlessLakemontLakemont (New York) (New York)


Fruit clusters loose, openFruit clusters loose, open

Flesh melting, juicy Flesh melting, juicy

Flavor very spicy, clean, honey Flavor very spicy, clean, honey like (sweeter and more complex like (sweeter and more complex than Interlaken)than Interlaken)



White SeedlessWhite SeedlessMarquisMarquis (New York) (New York)


Fruit clusters loose and v. openFruit clusters loose and v. open

Flesh melting, juicy textureFlesh melting, juicy texture

Bland, but fresh tasteBland, but fresh taste

Thompson likeThompson like

Disease problems – Black Disease problems – Black Rot/PhomopsisRot/Phomopsis

Photos: Courtesy of Iowa State University


Blue SeedlessBlue SeedlessSlipskinSlipskinResistant to feeding of Resistant to feeding of Japanese BeetlesJapanese Beetles

Concord SeedlessConcord SeedlessMid-Season - 9/2/09Mid-Season - 9/2/09

Brix 21.5Brix 21.5Fruit clusters very tightFruit clusters very tightFlesh juicy, meltingFlesh juicy, meltingDense, deep, Foxy/Dense, deep, Foxy/American flavorAmerican flavorSeeds in fruit two vines Seeds in fruit two vines – no seeds in one - – no seeds in one - matured earliermatured earlier



Blue SeedlessBlue SeedlessGlenoraGlenora (Arkansas (Arkansas))

Four clusters of fruit 2009Four clusters of fruit 2009Winter damage 2007 – vines Winter damage 2007 – vines froze to groundfroze to ground

Struggled in 2008, due to Struggled in 2008, due to possible herbicide damage possible herbicide damage on new growth in 2007on new growth in 2007

Photo courtesy of Stark Brothers Nursery


Blue SeedlessBlue SeedlessMars Mars (Arkansas) (Arkansas)


Fruit clusters tightFruit clusters tight

Flesh juicy, meltingFlesh juicy, melting

Skin thinner than some Skin thinner than some other bluesother blues

Flavor dense, deep, spicy Flavor dense, deep, spicy



Blue Seedless Blue Seedless TrollehaugenTrollehaugen (Arkansas) (Arkansas)


Fruit clusters tightFruit clusters tight

Flesh meltingFlesh melting

Flavor very sweet, deep, spicy Flavor very sweet, deep, spicy



Blue SeedlessBlue Seedless

VenusVenus (Arkansas) (Arkansas)Mid-Season - 9/10/09Mid-Season - 9/10/09

Brix 17.8Brix 17.8

Fruit clusters very tightFruit clusters very tight

Flesh meltingFlesh melting

Flavor dense, deep, Flavor dense, deep, spicy – reminiscent of spicy – reminiscent of sweet, pink grapefruit sweet, pink grapefruit


Ripening SequenceSequence of Ripening 8/20 8/27 9/2 9/10

Cultivar Name Color Brix Brix Brix Brix

1. Somerset Seedless Red 20.20 20.00 22.20 harv

2. Vanessa Red 16.50 18.00 20.60 harv

3. Trollhaugen Blue 16.30 16.30 21.60 harv

4. Canadice Red 17.20 18.10 21.00 22.10

5. Venus Blue 14.20 15.10 17.80 19.50

6. Interlaken White 13.60 15.60 18.10 21.60

7. Lakemont White 13.50 19.50 20.10 22.80

8. Einset Red 15.00 16.10 19.10 20.10

9. Concord Seedless Blue 17.00 17.60 21.50 21.80

10. Mars Blue 12.50 14.20 17.00 18.60

11. Marquis White 11.00 12.30 17.20 18.20

12. Glenora Blue 14.10 15.90 16.50 17.10

13. Saturn Red 11.10 13.10 15.30 17.10

14. Himrod White 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15. Reliance Red 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fruit harvest and tasted on 8/14/09 were very sweet and ready for harvest – brix reading not taken Fruit sweet enough to harvest – sweeter taste on week later 2009 Favorites

Standard Sizing for Fresh Market – Seedless Table Grapes

UnderGlass

All varieties excluding

small-berry varieties cluster

weight/g Small-berry varieties

cluster weight/g

Extra Class 300 250 150

Class I 250 150 100

Class II 150 100 75

Sizing - International Commercial Quality Standards for Agricultural Produce – Established by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

(UNECE)

Canada follows the UNECE standards

Weight of Clusters and One BerryDate Harvested 8/20 8/27 9/2 9/10 8/20 8/27 9/2 9/10 Data Data

453 g/lb Fruit

Weight

Cultivar Name g/Cluster g/Cluster g/Cluster g/Cluster 1 berry 1 berry 1 berry 1 berry cltr 1 berry

Canadice 73 133 136 126 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.8 187 1.6

Concord Seedless 94 52 191 181 1.9 1.4 3.1 2.8 121 2.6

Einset 69 108 216 209 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.6 154 2.3

Glenora 89 88 100 91 1.1 1.0 1.0 .88 122 1.3

Himrod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 2.1

Interlaken 91 167 186 198 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 245 1.5

Lakemont 87 172 197 169 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.5 220 1.7

Marquis 81 69 91 89 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.6 245 3.5

Mars 105 149 218 195 4.6 3.8 3.3 2.6 193 2.6

Reliance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 2.3

Saturn 62 68 78 56 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 236 3.0

Somerset Seedless 160 161 165 harv 1.5 1.2 1.2 harv 149 1.8

Trollhaugen 113 99 181 harv 1.5 1.3 1.8 harv 225 1.5

Vanessa 63 89 82 harv 1.3 1.8 1.5 harv 116 1.2

Venus 142 226 274 259 3.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 250 2.9

Seedless Table Grape TrialsSeedless Table Grape Trials

Fourth Year - 2010: Fourth Year - 2010: Seedless Table Grape TrialSeedless Table Grape Trial

Thin flower clusters to recommended rate Thin flower clusters to recommended rate for each cultivarfor each cultivarApply gibberellic acid?Apply gibberellic acid?Monitor for disease and insect problems Monitor for disease and insect problems Collect data on brix and acidsCollect data on brix and acidsTrial at local marketTrial at local marketCompile report on varietiesCompile report on varieties

Judith Reith-RozelleAssistant SuperintendentWest Madison Agricultural Research Station

Seedless Table Grape Trials Seedless Table Grape Trials Support 2007 - 2010Support 2007 - 2010

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Development & Diversification Program (ADD) – 2007 - 2009

Wisconsin Grape Growers Association - New Grant for – 2010 -2011

Support from winery in the state – staff training/financial

University of Wisconsin – Madison, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

University of Wisconsin – Madison, Cooperative Extension

Documents

Seedless Table Grapes 2009 Update Judith Reith-Rozelle Assistant Superintendent University of Wisconsin, West Madison Agricultural Research Station 8502