William L. Love, Calipatria HS Plant Propagation Techniques A Lesson Plan for 10 th /11 th Grade Biology Borderlinks Presentation May 30, 2002 This presentation

William L. Love, Calipatria HS

Plant Propagation TechniquesA Lesson Plan for10th/11th Grade Biology

Borderlinks Presentation

May 30, 2002


IntroductionAll plants are living organisms.Man depends on plants for many

purposes:

Basic to all mankind is the need for food and fiber production.


Introduction, cont.Most of the world has a diet that is high

in fruits and vegetables.

To a lesser extent, the protein portion of a typical diet is supplied by meat.


Intent of Lesson

To discuss methods of propagating plants for the purpose of food and/or fiber production.


Definitions

What is Propagation?

Reproduction and growth in plants


Why Propagation?

To Understand, Know the History


History of Plant Propagation

In nomadic times, man would move from place to place. He harvested plants or hunted animals that he encountered along the way.


Quite by accident, someone would drop some seeds, probably from refuse, in a spot that provided the requirements for plant growth. adequate moisture fertile soil temperature protection from the elements.

Later in the season or year, on a return trip, someone would notice that plants were growing, and then harvest the fruits, seeds, and/or foliage.

An Accident?!?!


Propagating and cultivating begins

Man could now provide for himself without the need for constant movement.

Less movement meant less danger to the clan and a steady supply of nutrient materials.


In the beginning…

Man became the crudest of farmers.

As time passed, man had the need to increase the amount of materials produced.


Development of Society

As society developed man moved from the agricultural age

to the industrial age.


Moving Populous

As mankind moved from the country to the city, so too did the need for greater production of foodstuffs.


The Agricultural Age

Majority of population lived in the country During the time of the agricultural age, fully

one-third of a farms production went to: supplying the needs of the farmer his family farm workers, and maintenance of the animals that were used to

produce the food.We have always assumed that production from the

farm was sold, for use off of the farm.


Population moved from the country to the cities.

Population levels increased.Need for higher production yields increased

dramatically with the increased population.

This was enhanced by a global economy.Food and fiber was exported to countries that were

technologically incapable of producing for themselves.

Industrial Age


In the beginning of the century a typical American Farmer produced enough food for himself and 7 other people.

Who is the Typical American Farmer?


At the close of the century the ratio had increased to 1 farmer for every 500+ people. In addition to the numbers being fed

increasing; the number of farmers decreased.

1990 census, the number of farmers was reported as an insignificant percentage of the population (less than 2%).

Less Than 100 Years Later


Today , all over the world….

Yet all of the United States and many foreign people depend on the US farmer as their source of food and fibers.


The producer.The goal of every producer: increased

production

Who Recognized this?


Mother Nature and Plant Production

Generally, man has depended on Mother Nature to supply the means for plant production.

However, with an increased population and a declining number of producers, Mother Nature needs a helping hand.

The birth of biotechnology!!!


Plant Production

You place a seed in the ground

nurture it and in a short time…

a plant can produce fruits, seeds or fibers.


Along the way, man developed different methods to help Mother Nature…

Grafting techniques - a method of producing plants that are difficult to grow from seeds or as the method of inventing new or better plants.


Grafting is Biotechnology!

Grafting of a tomato plant.


Grafting In grafting a live plant is cut in such a way to

allow the implanting of live tissue from another plant. This in essence, creates a new plant that has desirable effects greater than either of the donor plants.

An example is the Walnut Tree, a cross between a Black Walnut and an English Walnut.

Nectarines are another example.


Biotechnology progresses

With the discovery of the DNA molecule man has been able to invent a new method of producing superior plants.


Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule to change the traits that are expressed by the molecule in an organism.

The manipulation involves the “cutting” of the molecule and “inserting” another portion of a DNA.

All of this is possible due to the identification of parts of the DNA molecule and the traits that each portion produce.


Cloning

This method is cloning. Cloning produces, what some would call, “super plants”.


What is a “Super Plant?”

Plants that are genetically identical to its predecessors.

Plants are selected

based on the most

desirable characteristics

such as


Super plants advantages Higher yields Resistance to diseases Pest resistance Drought tolerance Heat tolerance


Super plants disadvantages Decrease in the gene pool Allergies of man to altered plant genetics

Some of the disadvantages are not proven and can only be speculated


Standards Addressed

Tenth/eleventh Grade Science:Focus on Genetic engineering

and the application to industry and agriculture

(4) c. Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products


Standards, cont.

Plant and Soil Science Career Path Cluster3.14 Students will understand the principles of

biotechnology in relation to plant protection and improvement.

3.14.1 Demonstrate an understanding of micro propagation and genetic engineering.


3.15 Students will understand the use of technology in plant production.

3.15.1 Describe how changes in technology affect plant production and management.

3.15.2 Describe the ways to keep informed about advancements in technology that affect plant and soil science.


Instructional ObjectivesStudents will be able to identify lab

equipment to be used throughout this activity.

Student will be able identify the advantages and disadvantages of super plants.


Instructional Objectivesstudent will be able to identify

advantages and disadvantages of super plants.

Student will be able to work in the laboratory settings with confidence and success.


Student Activities Introductory Activity

Review Safety Precautions in the laboratory. Not following safety procedures can have bad effects.

Identification of materials and tools. Safety concerns when working with biological materials

Health concerns

Environmental concernsProper disposal is important

Understand basic chemical properties of biological materials.


Enabling Activity Follow step-by-step process for setting up

exercise on an individual basis. Record observations. Sterilize area to work in. Prepare receptacle for placing collected tissue

with nutrient agar. Collect tissue from donor plant. Implant tissue Cover and place in appropriate growth chamber.


Culminating ActivityCheck speciums on a regular basis.Record observations.Check pH and CO2 levels, make

adjustments if necessary.Submit reports as required.


Assessment – Lab Report Lab No. ____ Underline or highlight all questions (5) Report is written in blue or black ink (5) Data table is neat and complete (5) Data table in filled in accurately (10) Correctly answer all questions (15) All illustrations are labeled correctly (5) Overall neatness (5) Total Possible Points (50)


Assessments - classroom Throughout the unit of instruction there are

a series of quizzes and tests. Included is a safety test. The safety test

must be passed with a 90% or better score and if not passed is retaken until passed. All safety tests are kept on file in the student data folder.

Tests are combinations of True-False, Multiple Choice, and Short Answer.


Textbooks Plants from Test Tubes An introduction to micro propagation 3rd edition.

Kyte, Lydiane and Kleyn, John. Timber Press, Portland. Oregon. 1996. ISBN 0-18892-361-3.

Biology The Web of Life2nd edition. Strauss, Eric and Lisowski, Marylin.

Scott Foresman – Addison Wesley Publishers. 2000. ISBN 0-


Web Resources

Biotechnology Terms Dictionary

http://www.ncbiotech.org/aboutbt/glossary.cfm

The Amazing DNA Molecule: Its History, Structure and Function

by Monique Yvonne Gisser

Http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1999/5/99.05.02.x.html#c


How Cloning Worksby Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D.http://www.howstuffworks.com/cloning1.htm

An Overview of LifeLineTM Products for Plant Tissue Culture

http://www.osmotek.com/LifeRaftDescription.html

Chapter 38: Plant Propagation and Development, Power point 36-37-38-39

http://205.187.104.8/users/thiele/web/apbio/notes/plants2/chp38_rev.html


Learning Objectives for General Biology II http://www.sau.edu/biology/gb2ob1.htm#38

Agricultural Biotechnology: Principles of Plant Science, Tissue Culturing and Genetic Engineering

http://agbiotech.tamu.edu/ag_bio_teks.html

Web Resources, cont’d


Goals for Next Review

Documents

William L. Love, Calipatria HS Plant Propagation Techniques A Lesson Plan for 10 th /11 th Grade Biology Borderlinks Presentation May 30, 2002 This presentation