Wic FILE CORP!

Cq INDEPENDENT REVIEW/REASSESSMENT

ID OF0)

ANOMALOUS DATA

" TICSELECTF•

MAY 1 7 •8

kCDVOLUME III I

DiST~-drflN STPLY1, !.

Approved for public rhLcac4Distfibution Urdirito .

Prepared for

U.S. ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCYContract MDA903-86-C-0396

Prepared by

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June 22, 1987

8 8 17 015

DISCLAIMER: "The findings of this report are not be be construed as an

official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so

designated by other official documentation.

Is I

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Z.PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Cpiarles B. MacDonald, William M. Glasgow, Jr., George H. Russell, Graham M. Sibbles, et al

13ai TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIE1VRD14. DATE OF REPORT (Year. Month, Day) 1iS. PAGE COUNT

final FRO 6-09 TO 87-06 11987 June 22SUPEENTARY NOTATION

t4, A H4 C r-"

/ 7 COV'I CODES 7i 8. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)I ~ELD IBattles, Land Combat, Historical Data/ OED 9OU SUB-GROUP

)/ABSTRACTIContinue on reverse if necessary apd identify by block number)ideendent review/reassessment of 61 battles in 8 campaigns of World War II and theIsaeli Wars of 1967 aMa 1973 w&s conducted. this work will provide the U.S. Army's

one7sAnalysis Agency ,(CAA) with a factual basis for determining the extent to whicha44manomalies in theoidata contained in- CAA Study Report CAA-SR-84-6,9"Analysis ofae-mThat Have Influenced Outcomes of Battles and Wars"are attributable to actual

~changes in combat dynamics, or whether they are more likely due to flaws in' the data base.Svirtually every case, the LFW Team's findings differ substantially from those determined

ý ý t h e _ a u t h o r s o f C A A -S R -8 4 -6 . ( : , o r ; I -4 C f d .? ( p i h L jJ ) - '

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I:

Introduction .....* f s** ............ I-I

The Okinawa Campaign ................ I-1l

Appendix A -- The LFW Team .......... 1-75

Appendix B-- Glossary .............. 1-77

Appendix C -- XXIX Corps DailyStrengths andCasualties ............ 1-83

Appendix D -- Japanese Strengths andDaily Casualties ...... 1-87

SVOLUME II: The Salerno Campaign .... II-i

The Volturno RiverCampaign .............. 11-50

VOLUME III: The Anzio Campaign ...... III-I

The Rome Campaign ....... 111-35

VOLUME IV: The Arab-Israeli Wars ... IV-l

Northwest Europe ........ IV-50 [

The Eastern Front ....... IV-97 --..-....

I _____- -________________I "-,,',zabillty Code,

0~~* M rdlanlor-special

iI: I

INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: ANZIO

As per zontract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassessed thefollowing battles:

Aprilla I 25-26 Jan 1944Campoleone, 29-31 Jan 1944Carroceto, 7-8 Feb 1944Moletta River, 7-9 Feb 1944Factory Counterattack, 11-12 Feb 1944Fioccia, 21-23 Feb 1944

The basic source for statistical data on the battlesof the Anzio campaign were the official records, of which theFifth Army Periodic Reports were the most valuable source.

For the British ist Infantry Division, loading tableswere used to establish initial strength for Aprilla I and thenadjusted for casualties and additions for the next two battles[Campoleone, Carroceto]. Strengths foz the 45th Division,which wau involved in the next three battles, were establishedfrom Fifth Army Periodic Reports and VI Corps and 45thDivision situation reports.

"Bloody" casualties were established from the officialrecords and "non-bloody" casualties primarily from Lada andMellor, as explained in the general introduction.

Bibliography

Official Records

Fifth Army; After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations Orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals, and Headquarters,Fifth Army, Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols,n.p.,n.d. .

VI Corps: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports, andG-1 and G-3 Journals.

45th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,

Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division ArtilleryJournal, and G-1 and G-3 Journals and files; After-ActionReports, Daily Situation Reports, and S-I and S-3 Journals andfiles of the three organic regiments: 157th Infantry, 179thInfantry, and 180th Infantry.

British Sources

ist Infantry Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.

German Sources

OKW KTB [War Diary of the Supreme Command of the ArmedForces] , vo--s. 6 and 7, as cited in Salerno sources.

AOK 14, KTB [Fourteenth Army War Diary] and Anlagen[appendices] [Microfilm Collection T-312, rolls 482 through492].

LXXVI Panzer Corps, KTB and Anlagen, 3 Feb-30 Jun 1944(Microfilm Collection T-314,1rolls 1572-1574].

Manuscripts: No. R-76, "Italian Theater, Order ofBattle and List of Commanders, 22 Aug 1943-31 Mar 1944," byRalph S. Mavrogordata, 1957; No. R-78, "XIV Panzer CorpsDefensive operations Along the Garigliano, Gari, and RapidoRivers, 17-31 Jan 1944," by Ralph S. Mavrogordata, 1955; No.R-124, "The Battle of Anzio, 22 Jan-31 Mar 1944," by Ralph S.Mavrogordata, 1957; and MS without number , "The GermanSituation (in the Italian Theater of Opeations] ," by BrittBailey, 1951.

Secondary Sources

Most Useful:

Blumenson, Martin, Salerno to Cassino [U.S. Army inWorld War II, Washington: Center of Military History, 1969].

Graham, Dominick, and Bidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Italy: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,19861.

111-2

Molony, Brig. C.J.C., et al., The Mediterranean andMiddle East Vol. V, The CampalTW in Sicily' 1943, and theCampain iIn Italy, 3d September 1943 to 31st March 1944

SUnited Kingdom Military series, History of the Second WorldWar, London: Her Majesty',s Stationery Office, 1973].

Of limited usefulness:

Anzio Beachhead (American Forces in Action Series,Washington: Historical Division, War Department, 1947].

Blumenson, Martin, Anzio: The Gamble that Failed[Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1963].

Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy [New York:Harper and Row, 19671.

Starr, LTC Chester G., Salerno to the Alps[,Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948].

Vaughan-Thomas, Wynford, Anzio [New York: Holt,I Rinehart, and Winston, 1961].

Of peripheral usefulness:

The Fighting Forty-Fifth: The Combat Report of anInfantrX Division [Baton Rouge, LA: Army and Navy PublishingCompany, 1946].

NOTE: The LFW Team was unable to locate the source listed inthe HERO study as: Muhm, Col. Gerhard, "Verluste der HG SUDwahrend der 4, CASSINO-SCHLACHT unter der Schlact um ROM911.5-2.6.l944] ," unpublished study [19831 ; but the Teamconsidered that use of the offical German records compensatedfor lack of access to this study.

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INTRODUCTION AND I3IBL1OGRAPIIY: ROMI.

As per contract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassesscd thefollowing battles:

Moletta Offensive, 23-24 May 1944Anzio-Albano Road, 23-24 May 1944velletri, 26 May 1944Campoleone Station, 25-28 May 1944villa Crocetta, 27-28 May 1944Lanuvio, 29 May-l June 1944via Anziate, 1-2 Jun 1944

The basic source for statistical data on the battlesof the Rome campaign were the official records, of which theFifth Army Periodic Reports were the most valuable source,both for opening strengths and for "bloody" casualties,inrcuding tho British divisions. VI Corns Periodic Retnortsand division records . particularly dai ly situation reports ,

were of value for the two American divisions, and some figureswere obtained from the official history, Fisher, Cassino tothe Alp-s, in particular opening strength of the 1st ArmoredDivision. "Non-bloody" casualties were derived primarily fromextrapolation of data in Lada and MelloL, as explained in thegeneral introduction.

"B ibl iog raphy

Offizial Records

Fifth Army: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals, an' HIeadquarters,Fifth Army Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols,n.p., n.d.].

%' -

VI Corps: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports, andG-1 and G-3 Journals.

1st Armored Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Divi7ion Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division Artillery

a 111-35

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journal and G-l and G-3 Journals and tiles; and ALtct-ActiulRe~ports, Daily Situation Reports, anJ S-1 and (:-3 Journal!5 and

files .)L the two pirincipal combat commands, A and E.

K 34th Infantry Division: After-Action R,-,port, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situatjon Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division Artilleryjourr-l, and C-i and G-3 Journals and tiles; ALttc-Actionreports, Daily Situation Reports, and S-I and S-3 Journals andfiles ot the three organic regiments : 133d Infantry, 135thInfantry, a-ind 168th Infantry.

45th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, D)ivisionArtillery Alter-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division ArtilleryJournal and G-1 and G-3 Journals and tiles; After-ActionReports, Daily Situation Reports, and 3-2 and S-3 Journals andfiles of the three organic regiments: 157th Infantry, 179thInfantry, and 180th Infantry.

British Sources

1st Infantry Division, Opeiations Report, PublicRecoids Office, London.

5th Infantry Division , Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.

German Sources

0KW KT -[War Diary of the Supreme Command of the Armed

Forces] , vol. 7, as cited in Salerno sources.

AOK 14, KTB [Fourteenth Army War Diary] and Anlayen[appendices) [-iT-c-ofilm Collection T-312, rolls 482-492, andG-314, roil 487].

LXXVI Panzer Corps, KTB and Anglagen [MicrofilmCollection T-314, rolls 1572-15743.

Manuscripts: No. R-50, "The Drive on Rome," by Britt

rV

A 111-36

Bailey, 1957; Nos. T-la and T-16, "The Italian Campaign," byGeneral Siegfried Westphal and other participants [NationalArchives, in German].

Secondary Sources

SMost useful:

•' Fisher, Ernest F., Jr., Cassino to the Alps [U.S. Armyin World War II, Washington: Center of Military History,1977].

Graham, Dominick, and Iidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Italy: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,1986].

[ Of limited usefulness:

Anzio Beachhead [American Forces in Action Series,Washington: Historical Division, War Department, 1947].

Blamenson, Martin, Anzio: The Gamble that Failed,.1•. [Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1963].

Howe , George F. , The Battle History of the FirstArmored Division [Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1954].

Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy [New York:Harper and Row, 19671

' Starr, LTC Chester G. Salerno to the Alpos[Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948]

Vaughan-Thomas, Wynford, Anzio [New York: Holt,Rinehart and Winston, 1961].

Of peripheral usefulness:

'Aris, George, The Fifth British. ivision: 1929 to 1945

[London: The Fifth Division Benevolent Fund, 1.959].

Coo 94]S| The FFightinq Forty-Fifth: The Combat Report of an

Infantry Division [Baton Rouge, LA: Army and Navy Publish--ngh \• Co . 194 6 ] .

0 I T T- 3 7

Hougen, LTC John H., The Story of the Famous 34thInfantry Division [Nashville, TN: Battery Press, reprint,1979]

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