Why? To Spend money well and achieve fair outcomes

What? Identify discrimination Understand how sex differences and gendered power relations affect access to rightsKey questions:

- Do women and men have any different needs when it comes to rights in this context? Do they have the same access to their rights? Do they have the same opportunities to enjoy those rights?

- Does the work that you do affect women and men equally? Do you discriminate in your work without realising it? How? Do you work to enhance gender equality?

When? Throughout our work: from designing our initiatives to evaluating them. In protection and

promotion work. Within our own human resource strategies.

Who? All of us!

Gender: Constructed over time, place and by peopleSex: Biological differences, usually fixed

The Two Pronged/ Twin Track Approach

Gender Equality

Gender Mainstreaming Targeted action: Empowerment and Equality

Costs and Benefits

Dominant Masculinity

Costs to Boys and

Men

Costs to Girls and Women

Gender Equality

Benefits to Boys

and Men

Benefits to Girls

and Women

Benefits to Women and Girls

Costs to either sex?

In Small Groups

• Record as many benefits or costs as you can.• Consider different levels: Individuals,

Relationships, Community, Society• Consider different contexts: Public and private

life- family, education, leadership, employment, violence, politics etc.

Costs of Dominant Masculinity to Boys and Men

COSTS for boys and men

Compulsory military service

Women and girls we care about are victims

of violence

Emotional costs (no crying); bullying by

other men if not seen to conform

Limited involvement in

family life

Pressure to succeed, to

provide

More behaviour disorders

More school expulsionsPressure to

make decisions alone

More prison time

More likely to take their own

lives

Better pay, better jobs

Benefits of Dominant Masculinity to Boys and Men

Benefits of Dominant Masculinity to Women and Girls

BENEFITS for Girls and Women

Physical Protection

by men against other men

Economic Protection during pregnancy and child rearing

High status for those conforming

to gender roles

Availability of jobs that

conform to roles

Possibility of flexible working to conform

to norms

Costs of Dominant Masculinity to Girls and Women

Benefits of Gender Equality for Girls and Women

Benefits of Gender Equality for Boys and Men

Key Learning Points• Dominant masculinity has costs and benefits

for men and boys, as well as for women and girls.

• Understanding these costs and benefits is useful for strategising and influencing

• Gender equality benefits everyone and hurts no one!