Poverty Mapping

23 - 26 July 2001PARIS21 Workshop for East Africa & The Great HornKampala, Uganda

Whyto capture heterogeneity within regionsidentify geographical factors that influence povertyimprove targeting of resources and interventionsimprove communication about poverty conditions Poverty Profilepoverty maps are part of poverty profilecomprehensive poverty profile needed to balance picture

Poverty Mapping

3 Common approachesMoney metricBasic NeedsHuman capabilitiesWho is poor?

Basic Need Indicators

Concept based on deprivation of requirements for basic human needsIndicators include:foodshelteraccess to basic social services e.g.schooling, health servicessafe water, sanitation,employment opportunities

Human capabilities

Concept based on absence of basic human capabilities to function at a minimally acceptable level within society (see UN definition of Poverty)Emphasis on peoples abilities & opportunities to :enjoy long, healthy livesto be literateand to participate freely in their societyIndicators include:life expectancyliteracy ratesmalnutrition etc

Money metric Indicators

Based on income or consumption expenditureAssumption:individuals or households are poor if their income/consumption falls below a certain threshold ( or a set poverty line)

Used money-metric measure as proxy for household welfareimputed consumption expenditure (obtained by combining census & survey data)Imputation based on readily observable household characteristics e.g. age,sex, race, household assets, access to services, educational status etc

obtained poverty rates for 3 levels of geography

Method used

National

Eastern Cape : District Level

Free State : District Level

Northern Province : District Level

KwaZulu-Natal : District Level

Gauteng : District Level

Mpumalanga: District Level

North Cape : District Level

North West : District Level

Western Cape : District Level

Where are the poor to be found?3 mdBloemThaba NchuBotshabelo

Using Census records, the major characteristics of those identified as poor can be obtained e.g.Demographic profileBasic needs profileHuman capability profileData from other service providers eg location of schools, access to public transport, location of clinics is needed to obtain a comprehensive profile.

What are the major characteristics of the poor?

Access to Basic Services

Locality

All households

No proper sanitation

No refuse removal

No electricity

No safe water (tap)

Bloem

95,967

28%

22%

26%

18%

Mangaung

45,868

42%

26%

42%

27%

Botshabelo

39,446

93%

18%

71%

59%

Thaba Nchu

18,524

81%

66%

34%

70%

Selosesha

2,802

1%

1%

4%

0.5%

Crime analysissocio-economic correlates of crime hot spotsLocal government resource allocationsequitable shares allocation modelCholera outbreakworking with health dept to identify communities at risk and inform health education programs

Using Poverty Maps

Cholera Outbreak in SA

Focus on poor as a groupSupport design & development of evidence-based poverty reduction strategiesGuide to resource allocation Tools for monitoring & evaluating progressOpportunities for national/regional capacity buildingOpportunities for service providers to offer integrated services

Benefits