Why Oracle ?

Why Oracle ?

By Mazmur Tarigan

Email : [email protected]

5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan 2

Database Foxpro, DB-plus, Clipper : .dbf Microsoft Access :.mdb Microsoft Exel:.xls Paradox :.db MySQL Sybase MS-SQL Server * Oracle * * Mendapat perhatian khusus bagi software development di Indonesia. Dan akan dilihat perbandingannya


Platform comparison

• SQL Server 2000 only works on Windows-based platforms, including Windows 9x, Windows NT and Windows 2000.

• In comparison with SQL Server 2000, Oracle 9i Database supports all known platforms, including Windows-based platforms, AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, Sun Solaris and so on.


Hardware requirements To install SQL Server 2000, you should have the Intel or compatible platforms

and the following hardware:

Hardware Requirements

Processor Pentium 166 MHz or higher

Memory 32 MB RAM (minimum for Desktop Engine),64 MB RAM (minimum for all other editions),128 MB RAM or more recommended

Hard disk space 270 MB (full installation),250 MB (typical),95 MB (minimum),Desktop Engine: 44 MBAnalysis Services: 50 MB minimum and 130 MB typicalEnglish Query: 80 MB


Hardware requirements… Oracle 9i supports Intel or compatible platforms, AIX-Based Systems, Compaq

Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, Sun Solaris and so on. To install Oracle 9i under the Intel or compatible platforms, you should have

the following hardware:Hardware Requirements

Processor Pentium 166 MHz or higher

Memory RAM: 128 MB (256 MB recommended)Virtual Memory: Initial Size 200 MB, Maximum Size 400 MB

Hard disk space 140 MB on the System Driveplus 4.5 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (FAT)or 2.8 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (NTFS)

To install Oracle 9i Database under the UNIX Systems, such as AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, and Sun Solaris, you should have the following hardware:

Hardware Requirements

Memory A minimum of 512 MB RAM

Swap Space A minimum of 2 x RAM or 400 MB, whichever is greater

Hard disk space 4.5 GB


Software requirements SQL Server 2000 comes in six editions: Enterprise, Standard, Personal, Developer, Desktop

Engine, and SQL Server CE (a compatible version for Windows CE) and requires the following software:

Operating System

Enterprise Edition

Standard Edition

Personal Edition

Developer Edition

Desktop Engine

SQL Server CE

Windows CE

No No No No No Yes

Windows 9x No No Yes No Yes No

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation with Service Pack 5

No No Yes Yes Yes No

Windows NT 4.0 Server with Service Pack 5

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Edition with Service Pack 5

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No


Software requirements… Oracle 9i Database comes in three editions: Enterprise, Standard and Personal

and requires the following software:Platform Operating System Version Required Patches

Windows-based Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 5

Windows-based Windows 2000 Service Pack 1

Windows-based Windows XP Not Necessary

AIX-Based AIX 4.3.3 Maintenance Level 09 and IY24568,IY25282, IY27614, IY30151

AIX-Based AIX 5.1 AIX 5L release 5.1 ML01+ (IY22854),IY26778, IY28766, IY28949, IY29965, IY30150

Compaq Tru64 UNIX Tru64 5.1 5.1 patchkit 4

Compaq Tru64 UNIX Tru64 5.1A 5.1A patchkit 1

HP-UX HP-UX version 11.0 (64-bit) Sept. 2001 Quality Pack, PHCO_23792,PHCO_24148, PHKL_24268, PHKL_24729,PHKL_ 25475, PHKL_25525, PHNE_24715,PHSS_23670, PHSS_24301, PHSS_24303,PHSS_24627, PHSS_22868

Linux SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7(or SLES-7) with kernel 2.4.7,and glibc 2.2.2

Not Necessary

Sun Solaris Solaris 32-Bit 2.6 (5.6), 7 (5.7)or 8 (5.8)

Not Necessary

Sun Solaris Solaris 64-Bit 8 (5.8) Update 5


Performance comparison It is very difficult to make the performance comparison between SQL

Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database. The performance of your databases depends rather from the experience of the database developers and database administrator than from the database's provider. You can use both of these RDBMS to build stable and efficient system. However, it is possible to define the typical transactions, which used in inventory control systems, airline reservation systems and banking systems. After defining these typical transactions, it is possible to run them under the different database management systems working on the different hardware and software platforms.


Price comparison Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition and Oracle9i Standard

Edition:

Number of CPUs Oracle9i Standard Edition SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition

1 $15,000 $4,999

2 $30,000 $9,998

4 $60,000 $19,996

8 $120,000 $39,992

16 $240,000 $79,984

32 $480,000 $159,968


Price comparison… Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition (which include OLAP

and Data Mining) and Oracle9i Enterprise Edition with OLAP and/or Data Mining:

Number of CPUs

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition with OLAP or Data Mining

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition With OLAP and Data Mining

SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition

1 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $19,999

2 $80,000 $120,000 $160,000 $39,998

4 $160,000 $240,000 $320,000 $79,996

8 $320,000 $480,000 $640,000 $159,992

16 $640,000 $960,000 $1,280,000 $319,984

32 $1,280,000 $1,920,000 $2,560,000 $639,968


T-SQL vs PL/SQL The dialect of SQL supported by Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is called Transact-

SQL (T-SQL). The dialect of SQL supported by Oracle 9i Database is called PL/SQL. PL/SQL is more powerful language than T-SQL. This is the brief comparison of PL/SQL and T-SQL:Feature PL/SQL T-SQL

Indexes B-Tree indexes,Bitmap indexes,Partitioned indexes,Function-based indexes,Domain indexes

B-Tree indexes

Tables Relational tables,Object tables,Temporary tables,Partitioned tables,External tables,Index organized tables

Relational tables,Temporary tables

Triggers BEFORE triggers,AFTER triggers,INSTEAD OF triggers,Database Event triggers

AFTER triggers,INSTEAD OF triggers

Procedures PL/SQL statements,Java methods,third-generation language(3GL) routines

T-SQL statements

Arrays Supported Not Supported


SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i limitsHere you can find some SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database limits:

Feature SQL Server 2000 Oracle 9i Database

database name length 128 8

column name length 128 30

index name length 128 30

table name length 128 30

view name length 128 30

stored procedure name length 128 30

max columns per index 16 32

max char() size 8000 2000

max varchar() size 8000 4000

max columns per table 1024 1000

max table row length 8036 255000

max query size 16777216 16777216

recursive subqueries 40 64

constant string size in SELECT 16777207 4000

constant string size in WHERE 8000 4000

Introduction


Pengenalan Oracle Oracle Server adalah relational database

management system(RDBMS) RDBMS adalah perangkat lunak untuk

membuat dan mengelola database, sering juga disebut database engine.


RDBMS


Database


Kemampuan1. Dapat bekerja di lingkungan

client/server(pemprosesan tersebar)

2. Menangani manajemen space dan basis data yang besar

3. Mendukung akses secara simultan

4. Performansi pemrosesan transaksi yang tinggi

5. Menjamin ketersediaan yang terkontrol

6. Lingkungan yang terreplikasi


Arsitektur Oracle Oracle Database * Oracle Instance (memory, process, dan

files)* Oracle Database akan dikupas berkaitan dengan tujuan training sekarang untuk database developer.


… Oracle Database Physical Database Structure

Datafiles : menyimpan table dan objek database Redo Log Files : menyimpan info yang dibutuhkan

untuk proses Recovery, yaitu bila terjadi crash pada sistem, maka Oracle berusaha memperbaikinya melaui Redo Log Files

Control Files : Berisi info berupa konfigurasi, lokasi data dan redo-log files, start database instance dan lainnya.


… Oracle Database (1) Logical Database Structure

Tablespace : mengelompokkan objek database menjadi satu kesatuan. Tablespace menyimpan data dalam datafiles yang secara fisik tersebar dalam satu atau beberapa disk.

Data Schema : kumpulan dari objek database yang disebut sebagai schema objects.


… Oracle Database (2) Data schema :

Table : berisi nama table, kolom, baris(record) yang merupakan basic dari database.

Cluster: himpunan tabel yang secara fisik disimpan bersama sebagai sebuah tabel yang mempunyai kolom bersama.

Index : digunakan untuk mencari data secara lebih cepat ketimbang pencarian sekuensial.

View : tampilan dari satu atau beberapa tabel yang dikoleksi melalui instruksi SQL.

Stored Procedure : instruksi SQL yang dibungkus dalam bentuk program dan dieksekusi seperti fungsi atau prosedur dalam bahasa pemrograman.

Triggers : instruksi SQL seperti prosedur yang dijalankan berdasarkan suatu kejadian(event)

Sequence : secara otomatis membuat nomor urut(tersusun) dan tunggal(unique) yang digunakan oleh aplikasi untuk menjamin integritas data.


Create Database Untuk memulai membuat sebuat database : Start oracle –

orahome90 configuration and migration tools Database Configuration Assistant

* Sebaiknya create database dilakukan oleh DBA saja, dalam hal ini instruktur


Create Database (1)


Create Database (2)


Create Database (3)


Create Database (4)


Create Database (5)


Create Database (5)…


Create Database (6)


Create Database (7)


Create Database (8)


Create Database (9)


Create Database (10)






Create Database (12)…


Operate Database


SQL * Plus Aplikasi pada oracle server yang digunakan

untuk memanipulasi instruksi SQL, pemrograman PL/SQL dan menjalankan instruksi Administrasi database.

Memulai SQL * Plus dengan mengaktifkannya dari menu Start oracle – orahome90 application development SQL Plus


SQL * Plus (1)


SQL * Plus (2) User name adalah login yang diperlukan

untuk mendapat akses database Password umumnya diberikan oleh

DBA(DB-Administrator) Connect String adalah teks yang diperlukan

untuk melakukan koneksi, umumnya adalah nama server.


SQL * Plus (3)


SQL * Plus (4) Beberapa cara untuk menjalankan SQL

adalah sebagai berikut : Dengan semi-kolom pada akhir baris :

SQL> select * from tab;

Dengan tanda / pada baris berikutnya : SQL> select * from tab

2 /


Table (Basic) Data Definition Language (DDL)

CREATE TABLE ALTER TABLE DROP TABLE


Table – Create table …Table name : mahasiswaStructure :

Nim char(8),

Nama varchar2(25),Jk char(1),Alamat varchar2(50),Kota varchar2(10)

SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa( 2 Nim char(8), 3 Nama varchar2(25), 4 jk char(1), 5 alamat varchar2(50), 6 kota varchar2(10) 7 );

Table created.* Coba masukkan data mahasiswa yang sama


Table – Create table …SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Nurlela’,’P’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’);SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0002’,’Azijah’,’P’,’Jl. Yamin’,’Pariaman’);SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Yanto’,’L’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’);SQL> Select * from mahasiswa;

SQL> drop TABLE mahasiswa;Table dropped.

SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa( 2 Nim char(8), 3 Nama varchar2(25), 4 jk char(1), 5 alamat varchar2(50), 6 kota varchar2(10), 7 CONSTRAINT PK_MHS PRIMARY KEY(Nim) 8 );Table created.* Coba lagi memasukkan data yang sama


Case Study Createlah tabel :

Mahasiswa Matakuliah Nilai

Sesuai dengan struktur tabel yang sudah anda buat. Masukkan data kedalam masing-masing table, minima :

5 record untuk table mahasiswa 3 record untuk table matakuliah 15 record untuk table Nilai


SQL Dasar Searching : Select dengan operator ( = , !=,

< >, < , >, <=, >=, LIKE ) Penentuan Baris : Where (OR, AND,

NOT). Juga bisa menggunakan BETWEENdan IN

Pengurutan : ORDER BY Kolom Nilai secara unik : DISTINCT Operasi Aritmatika : (+, -, *, /, %)


SQL Dasar Pengelompokan : GROUP BY Subquery : NESTED SQL Penambahan baris : INSERT Pengubahan baris : UPDATE Penghapusan Baris : DELETE Fungsi Agregate Dasar : AVG,COUNT,

MAX, MIN, SUM


SQL Dasar Fungsi – fungsi String :

ASCII : ASCII(char) CHAR : CHAR(ascii) LOWER UPPER LTRIM RTRIM REPLICATE : REPLICATE(‘AIM’,’3’) SUBSTRING : SUBSTRING(‘STMIK JAYA

NUSA’,7,4)

Documents

Why Oracle ?