Why did the US oppose Iraq Why did the US oppose Iraq invading Kuwait?invading Kuwait?

Conflicts in the Middle EastConflicts in the Middle East

Georgia Performance StandardsGeorgia Performance Standards

SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century.

d. Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.

U.S. Interest and Presence in U.S. Interest and Presence in the Middle Eastthe Middle East

Why do we care what is going on in the Why do we care what is going on in the Middle East???Middle East???

OIL!!!!!!!!!OIL!!!!!!!!!

What are is another reason for a U.S. What are is another reason for a U.S. presence there (other than protecting our presence there (other than protecting our oil)?oil)?

Fighting terrorism (to keep U.S. citizens Fighting terrorism (to keep U.S. citizens safe) and to protect our ally, Israelsafe) and to protect our ally, Israel

Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf WarAlso known as Operation Desert StormAlso known as Operation Desert Storm

When: When: August 1990-March 1991August 1990-March 1991

Who and What: Who and What: Iraq invaded KuwaitIraq invaded Kuwait

Iraq felt that Kuwait really belonged to Iraq felt that Kuwait really belonged to them after the breakup of the Ottoman them after the breakup of the Ottoman EmpireEmpire

Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil by Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil by drilling under border between the two drilling under border between the two countriescountries

Persian Gulf War (cont.)Persian Gulf War (cont.)U.N. response—demanded that Iraq withdraw troops from U.N. response—demanded that Iraq withdraw troops from Kuwait. They used an embargo first, but then the U.S. and Kuwait. They used an embargo first, but then the U.S. and other countries began sending troops to Saudi Arabia over other countries began sending troops to Saudi Arabia over next few monthsnext few months

U.N. set date for Iraq to leave KuwaitU.N. set date for Iraq to leave Kuwait

Iraq rejected date and would not back down, remaining in Iraq rejected date and would not back down, remaining in Kuwait after dateKuwait after date

Because of the threat to the oil supply, January 1991, the Because of the threat to the oil supply, January 1991, the U.S. joined 38 other countries and defeated the Iraqi army U.S. joined 38 other countries and defeated the Iraqi army in less than two monthsin less than two months

Iraq was directed to recognize Kuwait’s sovereignty and Iraq was directed to recognize Kuwait’s sovereignty and destroy all destroy all weapons of mass destructionweapons of mass destruction (WMDs)- (WMDs)-wweapons having capacity to kill large numbers of people; eapons having capacity to kill large numbers of people; includes chemical and biological weaponsincludes chemical and biological weapons

Persian Gulf War (cont.)Persian Gulf War (cont.)After Saddam surrendered, there were 4 After Saddam surrendered, there were 4 sanctions (similar to punishments) against sanctions (similar to punishments) against Iraq:Iraq:

11. . forbidden to rebuild militaryforbidden to rebuild military

22. . must allow United Nations weapons inspectors to must allow United Nations weapons inspectors to search for WMDssearch for WMDs

3. 3. money from Iraqi oil sales was supposed to go money from Iraqi oil sales was supposed to go directly to humanity purchases such as food and directly to humanity purchases such as food and medicine for the Iraqi people. medicine for the Iraqi people.

4. No-fly zones were established to prevent Iraqi air 4. No-fly zones were established to prevent Iraqi air attacks against neighboring countriesattacks against neighboring countries

2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq2003 U.S. invasion of IraqBecause Saddam did not comply with these Because Saddam did not comply with these sanctions, the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq occurredsanctions, the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq occurredAlso known as Operation Iraqi FreedomAlso known as Operation Iraqi FreedomWhen: 2003 and ended in December 2011When: 2003 and ended in December 20112002—U.S. Congress passed 2002—U.S. Congress passed Iraq War ResolutionIraq War Resolution that authorized president to go forward with war in that authorized president to go forward with war in IraqIraqMarch 2003—U.S. bombed targets in BaghdadMarch 2003—U.S. bombed targets in BaghdadGreat Britain and several other mainly European Great Britain and several other mainly European countries joined forces with the U.S. countries joined forces with the U.S. The Iraqi government collapsed quickly because The Iraqi government collapsed quickly because Hussein was seen as a cruel leaderHussein was seen as a cruel leader

2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq (cont.)(cont.)

Hussein was captured and his rule endedHussein was captured and his rule endedHe was also responsible for the deaths of hundreds of He was also responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis.thousands of Iraqis.His death sentence was carried out later in 2006His death sentence was carried out later in 2006Things did not get any easier for the U.S. after this as Things did not get any easier for the U.S. after this as civil wars between the Kurds and other ethnic groups civil wars between the Kurds and other ethnic groups and between the Sunni and Shia Muslimsand between the Sunni and Shia MuslimsAs of 2007, more than 100,000 civilian Iraqis and 4,000 As of 2007, more than 100,000 civilian Iraqis and 4,000 U.S. soldiers have died (more than 30,000 have been U.S. soldiers have died (more than 30,000 have been wounded) since invasionwounded) since invasion

U.S forces have withdrawn from Iraq and were sent to U.S forces have withdrawn from Iraq and were sent to AfghanistanAfghanistan

U.S. Invasion of AfghanistanU.S. Invasion of Afghanistan

September 11, 2001—al-Qaeda flew planes into September 11, 2001—al-Qaeda flew planes into the Twin Towers and Pentagon, more than 3000 the Twin Towers and Pentagon, more than 3000 dieddied

Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda—group of radical Islamic terrorists —group of radical Islamic terrorists based largely in Afghanistan. Their goal was to based largely in Afghanistan. Their goal was to end western influence in the Middle East end western influence in the Middle East (Osama bin Laden was the main organizer)(Osama bin Laden was the main organizer)

President George W. Bush called on other President George W. Bush called on other countries to help wage war on terrorismcountries to help wage war on terrorism

U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan (cont.)(cont.)

Oct. 2001—U.S. and British troops invade Oct. 2001—U.S. and British troops invade Afghanistan in search of Osama bin LadenAfghanistan in search of Osama bin Laden

The Taliban (radical Muslim government) The Taliban (radical Muslim government) terrorized the people in Afghanistan and had terrorized the people in Afghanistan and had allowed al-Qaeda to operate for years allowed al-Qaeda to operate for years

Soon after the invasion, the Taliban collapsed, Soon after the invasion, the Taliban collapsed, but U.S.-led forces still struggle to control but U.S.-led forces still struggle to control portions of country and help rebuild their country portions of country and help rebuild their country and governmentand government

In May of 2011, Osama bin Laden was killed by In May of 2011, Osama bin Laden was killed by Navy Seals while he was hiding in PakistanNavy Seals while he was hiding in Pakistan

QuestionsQuestions1.1. What is the United States’ main economic What is the United States’ main economic

interest in SW Asia?interest in SW Asia?

A.A. OilOil

B.B. TourismTourism

C.C. Trade routesTrade routes

D.D. Selling American-made productsSelling American-made products

QuestionsQuestions1.1. What is the United States’ main economic What is the United States’ main economic

interest in SW Asia?interest in SW Asia?

A.A.OilOilB.B. TourismTourism

C.C. Trade routesTrade routes

D.D. Selling American-made productsSelling American-made products

QuestionsQuestions2. Why did the United Nations try to stop Iraq from 2. Why did the United Nations try to stop Iraq from

taking over Kuwait in 1990?taking over Kuwait in 1990?

A.A. The U.N. wanted to destroy the country of IraqThe U.N. wanted to destroy the country of Iraq

B.B. The only job of the U.N. is military action The only job of the U.N. is military action around the worldaround the world

C.C. The economies of many countries depend on The economies of many countries depend on oil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supplyoil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supply

D.D. The U.N. has to intervene whenever any The U.N. has to intervene whenever any member nation has a conflict with another member nation has a conflict with another countrycountry

QuestionsQuestions2. Why did the United Nations try to stop Iraq from 2. Why did the United Nations try to stop Iraq from

taking over Kuwait in 1990?taking over Kuwait in 1990?

A.A. The U.N. wanted to destroy the country of IraqThe U.N. wanted to destroy the country of Iraq

B.B. The only job of the U.N. is military action The only job of the U.N. is military action around the worldaround the world

C.C. The economies of many countries depend on The economies of many countries depend on oil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supplyoil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supply

D.D. The U.N. has to intervene whenever The U.N. has to intervene whenever any member nation has a conflict with any member nation has a conflict with another countryanother country

QuestionsQuestions

3. Who are the “Taliban”?3. Who are the “Taliban”?

A.A. The government of IraqThe government of Iraq

B.B. The government of KuwaitThe government of Kuwait

C.C. A group of radical MuslimsA group of radical Muslims

D.D. A part of the United NationsA part of the United Nations

QuestionsQuestions

3. Who are the “Taliban”?3. Who are the “Taliban”?

A.A. The government of IraqThe government of Iraq

B.B. The government of KuwaitThe government of Kuwait

C.C. A group of radical MuslimsA group of radical MuslimsD.D. A part of the United NationsA part of the United Nations

QuestionsQuestions44. . Why did the U.S. bomb and invade Afghanistan in Why did the U.S. bomb and invade Afghanistan in

2001?2001?

A.A. Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and threatened the United States’ supply of oilthreatened the United States’ supply of oil

B.B. The U.N. asked the United States to overthrow the The U.N. asked the United States to overthrow the Taliban governmentTaliban government

C.C. The U.S. was afraid that Afghanistan was working to The U.S. was afraid that Afghanistan was working to develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a stop develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a stop to the programto the program

D.D. They believed the government was offering safety to al-They believed the government was offering safety to al-Qaeda, the organization that attacked the U.S. on 9/11Qaeda, the organization that attacked the U.S. on 9/11

QuestionsQuestions44. . Why did the U.S. bomb and invade Afghanistan in Why did the U.S. bomb and invade Afghanistan in

2001?2001?

A.A. Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and threatened the United States’ supply of oilthreatened the United States’ supply of oil

B.B. The U.N. asked the United States to overthrow the The U.N. asked the United States to overthrow the Taliban governmentTaliban government

C.C. The U.S. was afraid that Afghanistan was working to The U.S. was afraid that Afghanistan was working to develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a stop develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a stop to the programto the program

D.D.They believed the government was offering They believed the government was offering safety to al-Qaeda, the organization that safety to al-Qaeda, the organization that attacked the U.S. on 9/11attacked the U.S. on 9/11

QuestionsQuestions5. Why did the U.S. go to war against Iraq in 5. Why did the U.S. go to war against Iraq in

2003?2003?

A.A. Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear weaponsweapons

B.B. The U.N. believed Iraq was about to invade The U.N. believed Iraq was about to invade Kuwait a second timeKuwait a second time

C.C. Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, a close ally of the U.S.a close ally of the U.S.

D.D.The U.S. government saw the Iraqi leader, The U.S. government saw the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, as a threat to peace and the Saddam Hussein, as a threat to peace and the United States’ interests in the region.United States’ interests in the region.

QuestionsQuestions5. Why did the U.S. go to war against Iraq in 2003?5. Why did the U.S. go to war against Iraq in 2003?

A.A. Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear weaponsweapons

B.B. The U.N. believed Iraq was about to invade The U.N. believed Iraq was about to invade Kuwait a second timeKuwait a second time

C.C. Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, a close ally of the U.S.a close ally of the U.S.

D.D.The U.S. government saw the Iraqi The U.S. government saw the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, as a threat to leader, Saddam Hussein, as a threat to peace and the United States’ interests peace and the United States’ interests in the region.in the region.