Whom to feed?

1.3B overweight in the north and

1.02B hungry+1B with micronutrient

deficiencies in the south (IAASTD)

about 1.5Bn small scale farmers

globally also experience seasonal

hunger

feed population of today and in future

• 1.5 B small scale farmers + 1.5 B urban

gardeners, pastoralists and livestock keepers,

hunter-gatherers, fishers, forest keepers,

indigenous people

• 85% of farmers have 2 ha or less

>> Small scale farms produce at least 70% of

world’s food

>> but more than anything else, small holder

farmers feed the hungry!ETC (2009)

Agriculture at the Crossroads

IAASTD Report (2008):

Business as usual is no longer an option. Industrial farming, input and energy intensiveness,

and marginalization of small scale farmers, is no longer tenable.

Need systematic redirection of agriculture focus

towards needs of small farmers Sustainable organic agriculture that is biodiversity-

based is beneficial to poor farmers.

Traditional knowledge/IK of farmers and local communities should be tapped and work in partnership with formal science and technology.

BIGAS(Rice) Conference, 1985

Failure of Green Revolution:

• Loss of local varieties

• More inputs, higher costs

• More pests, new biotypes

• Infertile soils

• Degraded environment

• Poisoning

>>Farmers “forgot how to

grow rice”

= Farmers’ greater indebtedness,

rural poverty

MASIPAG Magsasaka at Siyentipikopara sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura(Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development):

organized in 1986 as cooperation between

farmers , scientists and NGOs as alternative

approach to the Green revolution

Goal: Empower resource-poor farmers through

access and control of production resources

(seeds, technology, land)

As organization and network: 635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers 60 Non-Government Organizations 15 Scientist-partners 67 farmer rice breeders; 12 corn breeders 100+ volunteer farmer-trainers

On-farm research resources 223 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up 9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools

• Self help, self responsibility, democracy

and equality, equity and solidarity

• Seven cooperative principles

>>for the general benefit of the community

>> Altruism

Farmers’ Social Cooperatives

Effective coordination, multiplier

Planning and decision making

Mutual support

Ensure diffusion of benefits

Sustainability of activities

Cooperation to Maintain Seeds and Breeds

1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties

1,085 Masipag rice developed

506 Farmer-bred developed

75 Native corn varieties

6 native chicken gene pool

Luzon (81):

Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2,

Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13,

Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva

Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1,

Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo:

2; Abra: 2

Visayas (81):

Negros Occidental: 29, Negros

Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17,

Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol:

1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5

Mindanao (61):

North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte:

1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1;

Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur:

3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15;

Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6;

Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao:

3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat:

2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga

Sibugay: 11

Cooperation for Seed Banking in 49 Provinces

Masipag Vertical Cooperation in Rice Conservation System

National (1)Back-up Farm

2,060 rice varieties

& Selections

Regional(2),

Provincial (9)

Back-up farms

300 to 1,200

rice varieties &

selections

PO-managed Trial

farms (223)

At least 50

varieties per TF

Verification farms 6 to 24 varieties

Farm Production At least 3 varieties

Cooperation for Seed Development /

Rice Breeding

67 Farmer-breeders

506 rice developed

Farmer: Dolores F. AyenNo. of Crosses: 29

Code Name: DFA (18 cultivars developed)

Reasons for breeding rice:

Produce rice which are aromatic, early maturing, good eating quality and pest resistant

Seed adapted to changing climate

Have own seeds to plant every season

(no need to buy)

Share her developed

cultivars with other farmers

Technology Development

through Trial Farms Approach

Farmers’ laboratory

-Develop site-specific varieties

-Develop site-specific technology Functional seed bank Creative organizing Advocacy

>>

Characteristic / Adaptation

Traditional rice varieties

Masipag rice

High tillering capacity - 42

Good ratooning ability - 24

Long panicles 11 11

Low fertility soils 12 36

Saltwater tolerance - 12

Pest/disease resistance 6 17

Glutinous 84 29

Red / Violet 152 79

Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs)

and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.

Livestock production

and management

Breeding and

selection training

Alternative Feed

formulation trainings

Trainings on Livestock and poultry

Diffusion through People’s Organizations

Farmers /

LGU

Trial Farm

Observe / Characterize

Organization

Training

New

Technology

New

Selection

Field Day /Advocacy

Interested

Orientation

Increased Yield,

Improved Income

Breeding

Locally

Adapted

Variety

Organize

Other Farmers

Experiment

Development of Diversified organic farms

Carabao driven rotary used in

rice farming by Abraham of

Sultan Kudarat

Farmer-Developed and Adapted Technologies(Mode 2 knowledge production)

Pangi leaves used as botanical

pest control by Doming of

Zamboanga del Sur

Flood tolerant – M116-2, M115-1R, M160-1, M45-1, PBB 401

Flood tolerant – JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang Bukid

Salt water tolerant –

Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-

elon, Makaginga,

Binulawan

Drought tolerant – Elon-

elon, San Vicente,

Palawan, M160-1

Drought tolerant – M4-3-1,Hinumay

Salt Water tolerant– Loreto, Binulungan, M115-1R, M45-1

Drought tolerant –Red Borong, Zambales MLD 4-1

Legend:Farmer-bred lines Traditional rice varietiesMASIPAG Selections

Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

Calabanga, Cam Sur

Bato, Cam Sur

Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur

Malng, North Cotabato

Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani

Alimodian, Iloilo Libagon, Southern Leyte Drought tolerant –M148-2, M394-1, M51-2, M177-3, M74-1

Batbatngon, LeyteDrought tolerantt –Senador, HubanibPatnongon, Antique

Drought tolerant – M6-14-1R

Rice Adapted to Climate Change

Farmer developed adaptation to Climate Change

Floating / Raft Garden

Farmers’ Adaptive Strategies for Climate Change Resiliency

• Social Cooperatives (POs) as insurance to cope with uncertainty

>> development and sharing of seeds and technology

>> sharing of work (community cooperation)

Cooperation for Marketing of organic

products

MASIPAG Participatory Guarantee

System:

• Organic standards

• Internal quality control

• Product and market development

• Processing facilities

• Management capacity bldg.

Improved Organic Productivity:

Mean yield of rice, 2007 (kg/ha), n=840

Masipag

Organic

Masipag

In Conversion

Chemical

Farming

Luzon 3,743ns 3,436ns 3,851ns

Visayas 2,683ns 2,470ns 2,626ns

Mindanao (Maximum)

3,767ns

(8,710)

3,864ns

(10,400)

4,131ns

(8,070)

Improved income from organic farm:Net agricultural income per hectare, 2007 (Pesos)

Masipag

Organic

Masipag In

Conversion

Chemical

Farming

Luzon 24,412** 18,991** 13,403**

Visayas 22,868** 16,039** 13,728**

Mindanao

Average

23,715ns

23,599***

17,362ns

17,457***

19,588ns

15,643***

** = highly significant differences ( 5%)

*** = very highly significant differences (1%)

ns = no significant difference

Improved income from organic farm:Annual Balance of Income and Expenditure per

Household, 2007 (in Pesos), n=840

Masipag

Organic

Masipag In

Conversion

Chemical

Farming

Luzon 11,331 9,702 -1,266

Visayas -1,090 287 -4,974

Mindanao 5,481 -232 -7,399

MASIPAG as Social Cooperative:

• Food security and Poverty alleviation• Biodiversity conservation• Sustainable agriculture and farming• Organic production and marketing• Resiliency to climate change • Farmer empowerment

>>Not Green or Gene revolution but Farmers’ knowledge revolution

Source: Barefoot Guide to Organizations

Maraming Salamat !