WHO Life Tables for 2011, 2000 and 1990 Summary of data ...pages.stern.nyu.edu/~dbackus/BCH/demography/WHO... · These life tables are available on the WHO Global Health Observatory

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WHO Life Tables for 2011, 2000 and 1990 Summary of data and methods used

Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems

March 2013

The World Health Organization (WHO) began producing annual life tables for all Member

States in 1999. These life tables are a basic input to all WHO estimates of global, regional

and country-level patterns and trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality. After the

publication of life tables for years to 2009 in the 2011 edition of World Health Statistics,

WHO has shifted to a two year cycle for the updating of life tables for all Member States, and

will move towards alignment of this revision cycle with that of the World Population

Prospects produced biennially by the UN Population Division.

These life tables are available on the WHO Global Health Observatory (1) for the years 1990,

2000 and 2011 and will also be published in World Health Statistics 2013. The following

basic indicators are printed in the World Health Statistics(2) annual publication released each

May:

• life expectancy at birth, by sex

life expectancy at age 60, by sex

• the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60, by sex

This technical note summarizes the methods and data sources used.

1. Concepts and definitions

Abridged life table: definitions of columns included in the Excel sheet "Table".

Age age intervals x to x+n, where x= 0, 1, 5,....., 95, 100 years and n is the width

of the age interval in years.

nMx age-specific death rates calculated from information on deaths among persons

aged x to x+n during a given year and the population aged x to x+n at the

mid-point of the same year.

nqx probability of dying between exact ages x and x+n.

lx number of people alive at exact age x among a hypothetical birth cohort of

100 000.

nLx total number of person-years lived between exact ages x and x+n.

ndx number of life table deaths in the age interval marked x to x+n.

Tx total number of person-years lived after age x.

ex expected average number of years of life left for a person age x.

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2. Life table methodology

Life tables have been developed for all Member States for years 1990- 2011 starting with a

systematic review of all available evidence from surveys, censuses, sample registration

systems, population laboratories and vital registration on levels and trends in under-five and

adult mortality rates. Annex table A below shows the sources of data available to WHO for all Member States and summarizes the methods used for preparing life tables.

In recent years, WHO has liaised more closely with the United Nations Population

Division (UNPD) on life tables for countries, in order to maximize the consistency of UN

and WHO life tables, and to minimize differences in the use and interpretation of

available data on mortality levels. For countries where WHO previously predicted levels

of adult mortality from estimated levels of child mortality, this update has taken into

account additional country-specific sources of information on levels of adult mortality as

reflected in the life tables prepared by the UN Population Division (UNPD) for its World

Population Prospects – see below.

Methods for estimating time series for neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates

(U5MR) have been developed and agreed upon within the Inter-agency Group for Child

Mortality Estimation (UN-IGME) which is made up of WHO, UNICEF, UNPD, World

Bank and academic groups (3). UN-IGME annually assesses and adjusts all available

surveys, censuses and vital registration data, to then estimate the country-specific trends

in under-five mortality per 1000 live births (U5MR) over the past few decades in order to

predict the rates for the reference years (4). All data sources and estimates are documented on

the website www.childmortality.org. For countries with complete recording of child deaths in

death registration systems, these are used as the source of data for the estimation of trends in

neonatal, infant and child mortality. For countries with incomplete death registration, all

other available census and survey data sources, which meet quality criteria, are used.

Procedures used to estimate WHO life tables Member States vary depending on the data

available to assess child and adult mortality across the period 1990-2011. Three basic

methods have been used for this revision, and are described in the following sections. In

all three cases, UN-IGME estimates of neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates were

used.

2.1 Life tables based on death rates computed from civil registration data

For 133 Member States with vital registration and sample vital registration systems,

demographic techniques (such as Brass Growth–Balance method, Generalized Growth–

Balance method or Bennett– Horiuchi method) were first applied to assess the level of

completeness of recorded mortality data in the population above five years of age and

then those mortality rates were adjusted accordingly. The proportion of all deaths which

are registered in the population covered by the vital registration system (referred to as

completeness) has been estimated by WHO and is given for the latest available years in

the annex table.

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Where vital registration data for all the reference years were available, the age specific

mortality rates, adjusted for completeness if necessary were used directly to construct the

life tables. Death registration data for year 2011 were available for 53 Member States.

2.2 Life tables projected from civil registration data

For another 60 Member States where vital registration data for 2011 was not available,

life table parameters were projected from those for available data years from 1985

onwards. Adjusted levels of child mortality (5q0) and adult mortality (45q15), excluding

HIV/AIDS deaths where necessary, were used to estimate levels of two life table

parameters (l5, l60) for each available year. The life table parameter l60 was projected

forward to 2011 using a weighted regression model giving more weight to recent years

(using an exponential weighting scheme such that the weight for each year t was 25%

less than the weight for year t+1). For Member States with a total population less than

750,000 or where the root mean square error from this regression was greater than or

equal to 0.011, a shorter-term trend was estimated by applying a weighting factor with

50% annual exponential decay. These projected values of l60, together with values of l5

based on 5q0 from UN-IGME were then applied to a modified logit life table model,

using the most recent national data as the standard, to predict the full life tables in the

reference years. Where necessary, HIV/AIDS death rates were then added to total

mortality rates.

The modified logit life table system, developed by WHO, is a two-parameter model life

table system, with additional age-specific parameters to correct for systematic biases in

the application of a two- parameter system, with these additional parameters estimated

from an analysis of around 1800 life tables from vital registration judged to be of good

quality (5).

For two small countries without available death registration data (Andorra and Monaco),

life tables were based on mortality rates from neighbouring regions of France.

2.3 Life tables for countries with other information on levels of adult mortality

For 81 Member States without useable death registration data, assessments of mortality

rates for ages 5 and over were based on the latest available life table analyses of the UN

Population Division (6). The sources of available data used in the World Population

Prospects are listed at (7). Annual age-sex-specific death rates for years 1990-2011 were

interpolated from the World Population Prospects life tables, where necessary first

subtracting out conflict and disaster deaths occurring in each specific 5-year time period.

Annual estimates for conflict and disaster deaths were then added back as described

below.

For 39 of these Member States, with high levels of HIV mortality, the UN Population

Division explicitly estimated HIV deaths in preparing life table time series. For these

Member States, HIV-free mortality rates were computed for interpolation of annual death

rates (making use of unpublished supplementary tabulations provided by the UN

Population Division for estimated HIV deaths by age and sex in these countries). The

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latest estimates of annual HIV death rates prepared by UNAIDS (8) were then added

back to the annual mortality rates to compute total all-cause death rates by year. The

high-HIV countries for which this method was used are identified in the Annex Table.

For six countries, additional data inputs for the most recent period were also taken into

account based on provisional unpublished analyses provided by the UN Population

Division (9). Data sources for these countries are listed in the Annex Tables, and the

following notes provide an overview of the analyses used.

Afghanistan

The 2012 revision of child mortality estimates for Afghanistan by UN-IGME took into

account data from the 2010 Afghanistan Mortality Survey (10) and the 2011 UNICEF

MICS4 survey (11).

Adjusted estimates of adult mortality (45q15) derived from

recent household deaths data from the 2010 Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS);

parental orphanhood from the 2010 AMS (excluding the Southern region);

siblings deaths from the 2010 AMS (excluding the Southern region) adjusted for

age misreporting and recall biases

were also considered, but the implied low level of adult mortality could not be reconciled

with intercensal survival between the 1979 Afghan census and 2003-05 Afghan

household listing, or with population estimates from 2003-05 Household listing and

more recent surveys in 2007-2008 and 2011, or with intercensal estimates of the trends in

fertility, and international migration based on UNHCR statistics on the number of Afghan

refugees. Additionally, they would imply that Afghan adult mortality levels were

substantially lower than those in neighboring countries.

As a result, the life tables for Afghanistan are based on provisional analyses by UN

Population Division using the West model of the Coale-Demeny Model Life Tables with

three parameters: (1) estimates of infant mortality, (2) estimates of child mortality, and

(3) adjusted estimates of adult mortality (45q15) derived from (a) recent household deaths

data from the 1979 census; (b) implied relationship between child mortality and adult

mortality based on the UN South Asian and West model of the Coale-Demeny Model

Life Tables, and (c) levels of adult mortality based on sample registration data from

neighboring countries for recent years.

China

Life tables for years since 2000 have been revised to take into account a faster rate of

decline for adult mortality than previously projected in the World Population Prospects

2010 revision. Unpublished analyses of the China 2010 census data on adult mortality by

UN Population Division have adjusted for under-reporting of deaths resulting in

estimates of adult mortality rates for 2010 quite similar to those reported by the China

Disease Surveillance Points System (12).

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Egypt

Based on official estimates of life expectancy available through 2012, and in turn derived

from death registration data for Egypt. The age pattern of mortality is based on official

life tables for various years from 1960 to 2010 adjusted for infant and child mortality as

estimated by UN-IGME, and adult mortality.

Saudi Arabia

The World Population Prospects 2010 revision based estimates of adult mortality for

Saudi Arabia using model life tables with estimates of child mortality as input. Estimates

of adult mortality have been provisionally updated using adjusted death rates by age and

sex from the 1999 Demographic Survey, 2004 Census and 2007 Demographic Survey

adjusted for infant and child mortality, and old-age mortality. Life tables based on annual

deaths from the 2000 Demographic Survey, as well as on 2005 and 2009 registered

deaths were also considered.

South Sudan and Sudan

The former Sudan became two countries, South Sudan and Sudan, on 9 July 2011.

Previously published WHO and UN life tables refer to the former Sudan. Life tables for

the two Member States of South Sudan and Sudan are based on provisional analyses of

population and mortality rates for the territories corresponding to the current South Sudan

and Sudan over the period 1990 to 2011.

Infant and child mortality for South Sudan and Sudan are derived from UN-IGME

estimates published in 2012 (4). Life tables are based on provisional unpublished

analyses of the UN Population Division, deriving adult mortality rates from estimates of

infant and child mortality by assuming that the age pattern of mortality conforms to the

North model of the Coale-Demeny Model Life Tables. The demographic impacts of

AIDS and conflict have also been factored into the mortality estimates.

2.4 Conflicts and natural disasters

Estimated deaths for major natural disasters were obtained from the OFDA/CRED

International Disaster Database (13). For country-years where death rates from these

disasters exceeded 1 per 10,000 population, these deaths were added to the life table

death rates for the relevant year. Age-sex distributions were based on a number of studies

of earthquake deaths (14, 15) and tsunami deaths (16, 17).

Country-specific estimates of war and conflict deaths were updated for the entire period

1990-2011 using revised methods together with information on conflict intensity, time

trends, and mortality obtained from a number of war mortality databases (described

below). These estimates relate to deaths for which the underlying cause (following ICD

conventions) was an injury due to war, civil insurrection or organized conflict, whether or

not that injury occurred during the time of war or after cessation of hostilities. The

estimates include injury deaths resulting from all organized conflicts, including organized

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terrorist groups, whether or not a national government was involved. They do not include

deaths from other causes (such as starvation, infectious disease epidemics, lack of

medical intervention for chronic diseases), which may be counterfactually attributable to

war or civil conflict.

Methods used previously by WHO for estimation of direct conflict deaths were

developed in the early 2000s and applied adjustment factors for under-reporting to

estimates of battlefield or conflict deaths from a variety of published and unpublished

conflict mortality databases (18-21). Murray et al. (22) summarized the issues with

estimation of war deaths, and emphasized the very considerable uncertainty in the

original Global Burden of Disease estimates (23) and subsequent WHO estimates for

conflict deaths. WHO published estimates for the years 2000 through 2008 used

adjustment factors based on conflict intensity developed from an analysis of likely levels

of under-reporting (24-28). These adjustment factors ranged from around 3 to higher than

4 in sub-Saharan Africa.

Obermeyer, Murray and Gakidou (29) more recently analyzed data on deaths due to

conflict from post-conflict sibling histories collected in the 2002 to 2003 WHO World

Health Survey (WHS) program. They used data from 13 countries with more than 5

reported sibling deaths from war injuries in at least one 10-year period to estimate total

war deaths for these countries for the period 1955-2002. The authors then compared their

estimates of war deaths to the number of war deaths estimated in the UCDP Battle

Deaths database (30) to derive an average adjustment factor of 2.96. Garfield and Blore

(31) noted that a very small number of war deaths for Georgia resulted in an outlier ratio

of 12.0 which heavily influenced the overall ratio of 2.96. They reanalyzed the WHS-

derived war deaths dataset excluding Georgia, to obtain an overall revised adjustment

factor of 2.21.

The revised WHO country-specific estimates of war and conflict deaths for the period

1990-2011 make use of estimates of direct deaths from three datasets: Battle-Related

Deaths (version 5), Non-State Conflict Dataset (UCDP version 2.4), and One-sided

Violence Dataset (UCDP version 1.4) from 1989 to 2011 (32-34). Using these three

datasets, instead of focusing solely on battle-related deaths, reduces the likelihood that

overall direct conflict deaths are underestimated. However, it likely that a degree of

undercounting still occurs in the count-based datasets, and the adjusted ratio obtained by

Garfield and Blore (31) of 2.21 is applied to the annual battle death main estimates for

state-state conflicts (32). No adjustments were applied to estimated conflict deaths (main

estimates) for non-state conflict deaths (33), and one-sided violence (34).

Additional information from epidemiological studies and surveys was also used for Iraq

(35, 36). Deaths due to landmines and unexploded ordinance were estimated separately

by country (37). Age-sex distributions for conflict deaths were revised based on available

distributions of conflict deaths by age and sex for specific conflicts (22, 29, 35-39).

The following tables summarizes and compares various time series of conflict deaths

estimates.

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Table 1. Estimated total global injury deaths (thousands) due to conflict: comparison of various time series and WHO estimates.

Year GBD 1990 (a) WHO 2000-2008 UCDC-PRIO (h)

WHO 2013 (i)

IHME-GBD 2010 (j)

1990 502 - 95 138 63

2000 656 310 (b)

2000 230 (c)

2000 187 (d) 85 122 53

2004 182 (e) 30 95

2005 238 (f) 18 69 26

2008 182 (g) 34 84

2010 834 28 57 18

(a) Estimates and projections by Murray and Lopez (23) (b) World Health Report 2001 (24) and World report on violence and health (40). (c) World Health Report 2002 (25) (d) Revision for Disease Control Priorities Study (26) (e) Global burden of disease: 2004 update (27) (f) World Health Statistics 2007 (41) (g) WHO estimates of causes of death for year 2008 (28) (h) Sum of main estimates of conflict deaths for state-state, state-nonstate and one-sided conflicts (32-34) (i) Revised WHO estimates for years 1990-2011 as documented here. (j) IHME Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (42, 43).

The revised WHO estimates for total conflict deaths (in the column WHO 2013) are considerably

lower than the previous WHO estimates for years 2000-2008 which used the earlier higher

adjustment factor for under-reporting, which in turn are lower than the previous estimates and

projections in the original Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (23). The recently published

estimates for conflict deaths in the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study led by the

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), shown in the rightmost column, are

considerable lower than the revised WHO estimates. For the year 2010, the IHME

estimates are also lower than the main estimate from the UCDC-PRIO databases for the

same year. The IHME methods were based on a regression analysis of available all-cause

mortality data for country-years in which battle deaths were reported in various

databases. According to Lozano et al (42), these methods are documented elsewhere (43).

The revised WHO estimates for conflict deaths were taken into account in preparing final

life tables for Member States for years 1990-2011 as follows. For country-years where

death rates from conflict or disasters exceeded 1 per 10,000 population, the estimated

annual age-sex-specific conflict deaths were added to the life table death rates for the

relevant year. In cases of extended conflicts where death rates fluctuated above and

below 1 per 10,000, only the death rate in excess of 1 per 10,000 was added to relevant

years.

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3. WHO reporting on levels of mortality and life expectancies

WHO applies standard methods to the analysis of Member State data to ensure

comparability of estimates across countries. This will inevitably result in differences for

some Member States with official estimates for quantities such as life expectancy, where

a variety of different projection methods and other methods are used. Prior to release, a

consultation on the WHO estimates for life expectancy and child and adult mortality rates

was conducted with Member States, providing them with an opportunity to comment on

data, methods and assumptions, and to provide additional data where relevant. However,

these WHO estimates of mortality and life expectancies should not be regarded as the

nationally endorsed statistics of Member States, which may have been derived using

alternative methodologies.

There remain substantial data gaps and deficiencies in data on levels of child and adult

mortality, particularly in those regions with the highest mortality levels. Uncertainty

ranges for all-cause mortality rates for WHO Member States were published in the World

Health Report 2006 (44), and improved methods for the assessment of uncertainty ranges

are under development. It is anticipated that improved uncertainty ranges for child

mortality will be published with the 2013 revision of the UN-IGME estimates later this

year. Quantifiable uncertainty ranges for adult mortality are more complex to derive, and

there is considerable research underway to develop improved methods for measuring

adult mortality in surveys, and in assessing the systematic biases in such data.

A qualititative guide to the uncertainty in adult mortality and life expectancy estimates is

provided by the listing of methods and data input types in Annex Table A. The most

reliable estimates are those based on death registration data assessed as complete,

followed by those based on incomplete or sample death registration data with adjustments

for levels of completeness. For countries without useable death registration data,

uncertainties are substantially higher, and two categories can be distinguished (a) those

countries where there is independent evidence on adult mortality rates from surveys or

censuses and (b) those where estimates of adult mortality levels are derived from model

life tables with estimated infant and child mortality rates as inputs. Those countries with

significant levels of mortality due to conflict and natural disasters (say, greater than 1

death per 10,000 population per annum) will usually have additional uncertainty

associated with the difficulties in estimating conflict and disaster death rates.

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Annex Table A: Data sources and methods for WHO Life Tables

A: Life tables based on death rates computed from civil registration data.

B: Projection of life table parameters l5 and l60 from adjusted civil registration data,

smoothed with moving average, projected using modified logit system with latest

available year's lx as standard; child mortality from the UN-IGME.

C: Life tables based on death rates computed from neighbouring regional civil

registration data.

D: Life tables based on UNPD’s World Population Prospects – the 2010 revision, and

child mortality estimates from the UN-IGME.

E: Life tables based on UNPD’s World Population Prospects – the 2010 revision,

updated with the latest HIV/AIDS mortality from UNAIDS and child mortality

estimates from the UN-IGME.

F: Life tables using method E together with unpublished draft updates provided by

UN Population Division (see text).

DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys; MICS: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Country

Mortality Method Group

Civil registration data

Survey/Census Availability Last year

used Estimated coverage

Afghanistan F Not available National Demographic and Family Guidance Survey 1972-1974; Census 1979 sample (Mohtasham Shalikar, Estimation of basic demographic parameters and an assessment of the Afghanistan census of 1979, MA Thesis, University of the Philippines, 1983); MICS 1997; MICS 2000 (East rural areas only); MICS 2003; 2003-2005 Afghanistan Household Listing; Afghanistan Health Survey 2006; National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Survey 2007-2008; MICS 2007; Afghanistan Mortality Survey 2010; MICS 2011

Albania A 1950, 1955, 1957-1964, 1980, 1984-2004, 2006,

2010-2012, 2000-2011 (IMR MoH)

2006 50-74 MICS 2000; Census 2001; Reproductive and Health Survey 2002; MICS 2005; DHS 2009

Algeria D 1950-1956, 1964-1965, 1980-1983, 1985-1986, 1998, 2000, 2007-2009

Enquête Démographique, August 1969-March 1971; Enquête Fécondité, 1970; Enquête nationale sur la Fécondité 1986; Maternal and Child Health Survey, 1992; MICS 1995; MICS 2000; Pan Arab Project for Family Health 2002; MICS 2006; Enquête nationale sur la fécondité 1986

Andorra C 1950-1954, 1992, 1994-1998, 2003-2010

2010 Not available

Angola E 1956-1973 MICS 1996; MICS 2001; Malaria Indicator Survey 2006; Household Incomes and Expenditures Survey IBEP 2008-2009; Angola Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) 2011

Antigua and Barbuda A 1966, 1969-1978, 1983, 1985-2009

2009 75-89 Not available

Argentina B 1969-1970, 1977-2010 2010 90-100 Census, 30 September 1970; Census, 22 October 1980; Census, 15 May 1991; Census 2001

13

Country





Armenia A 1981-2009, 2011 2011 50-74 Census 1989; DHS 2000; DHS, September-December 2005; DHS 2000; DHS 2010

Australia B 1950-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Austria B 1950-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Azerbaijan A 1980-2011 2010 90-100 Census 1989; Census 1999; MICS, 2000; Reproductive Health Survey 2001; DHS 2006; Census 2009

Bahamas B 1965, 1967-1969, 1971-2008 2008 90-100 Not available

Bahrain B 1980-1995 (incl. still births); 1996-2009

2009 90-100 Census 1965; Census 1971; Census 1981; Child Health Survey 1989; Census 1991; Gulf Family Health Survey 1995; Census 2001

Bangladesh D 1980-1988, 1990-2010 (SVR) Population Growth Estimation Experiment 1962-1965; Retrospective Survey of Fertility and Mortality 1974; Fertility Survey 1975-1976; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1979-1980; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1981; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1983-1984; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1985-1986; Fertility Survey 1988-1989; Indepth Survey 1990~1999 (site of Matlab); DHS 1993-1994; Health and Demographic Survey 1994; DHS 1996-1997; DHS 1999-2000; Maternal Mortality Survey 2001; DHS 2004; MICS 2006; DHS 2007; MICS 2009; SVR from Report on Sample Vital Registration System 2010; Bangladesh DHS 2011 Preliminary

Barbados B 1950-2004, 2006-2008 2008 90-100 Not available

Belarus B 1981-2009 2009 90-100 Census 1989; Census 1999; MICS 2005

Belgium B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Belize B 1950-2009 2009 90-100 Family Health Survey 1991; Family Health Survey 1999; Census 2000; MICS 2006

Benin E Not available Survey 1961; Multi-Round Survey 1981-1983; Enquête sur la Fécondité au Benin, Jan-June 1982; Census 1992; DHS 1996; DHS 2000; DHS 2006

Bhutan D Not available Demographic Sample Survey, 1984; National Health Survey, 1994; National Health Survey 2000; Census 2005; MICS 2010

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

D 1951-1958, 1965-1966, 1976-1977

Encuesta Demografica Nacional, June-October 1975; Census, 29 September 1976; Encuesta Demografica Nacional, 1980; Encuesta Nacional de Poblacion y Vivienda, September 1988; Encuesta Nacional de Demografica y Salud, March-June 1989; Census, 3 June 1992; DHS 1993-94; DHS 1998; MICS 2000; Census 2001; DHS, August 2003-January 2004; DHS 2008

Bosnia and Herzegovina

B 1985-1991, 1998-2009 2010 90-100 Not available

Botswana E Not available Census 1971; Census 1981; Family Health Survey I (CPS) 1984; Family Health Survey II (DHS) 1988; Census 1991; Family Health Survey III 1996; MICS 2000; Census 2001; Demographic Survey 2006; Family Health Survey 2007

14

Country





Brazil A 1974-2010 2010 90-100 Census, 1 September 1970; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, October-December 1972; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, October-December 1973; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, 28 November 1976; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, 31 October 1977; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, 31 October 1978; Census, 1 September 1980; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, 29 September 1984; DHS 1986; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, 4 October 1986; Census 1991; DHS 1996; Census 2000; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios 2005; National Household Survey 2006; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios 2007; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios 2008; Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios 2009

Brunei Darussalam A 1950-1959, 1964-1978, 1980-2010


Bulgaria B 1950-2012 2010 90-100 Not available

Burkina Faso E Not available Survey 1960-1961; Post-énumeration Survey 1976; Census, 10-20 Jully 1985; Enquête Démographique 1991; Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1993; Indepth Survey 1995-1998 (site of Nouna); Indepth Survey 1994-1998 (site of Oubritenga); DHS 1998-1999; DHS 2003; MICS 2006; Census 2006; DHS 2010 Preliminary

Burundi E Not available Enquête Démographique, May 1970-July 1971; Enquête Post-censitaire, November 1979; Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1987; Census, 16-30 August 1990; MICS 2000; MICS 2005; DHS 2010 (preliminary)

Cambodia D Not available Census, 1998; National Health Survey 1998; DHS 2000; Inter-censal Population Survey 2004; DHS, September 2005-March 2006; Census 2008; DHS 2010

Cameroon E Not available Fertility Survey 1978; DHS 1991; DHS 1998; MICS 2000; DHS 2004; DHS 2011 Preliminary

Canada B 1950-2009 2009 90-100 Not available

Cape Verde A 1955-1957, 1959-1960, 1966-1975, 1980, 1983-

1985, 1990-1991, 1995-2009

2007 75-89 Census 1970; Census 1980; Inquerito demografico e de saude reprodutiva 1998; Census 2000; Inquérito demográfico e de saúde reprodutiva 2005

Central African Republic

E Not available Census 1975; Census 1988; DHS 1994-1995; Enquête à indicateurs multiples 2000; MICS 2006; MICS 2010

Chad E Not available Census 1960; Census 1993; DHS 1997; MICS 2000; DHS 2004; MICS 2010

Chile B 1950-2009 2009 90-100 Census, 22 April 1970; Census, 21 April 1982; Census, 23 April 1992; Census 2002

15

Country





China F 1987-2000 (Sample Vital Registration)

Census, 1 July 1982; Female Fertility in China: a 1 0/00 Population Survey, 31 June 1982; China 1 0/00 Population Sample Survey, 1 July 1987; National Survey on Fertility and Birth Control 1988; Census, 1 July 1990; Fertility Sampling Survey 1992; One percent survey 1995; 0/00 sample survey 1990~98; Disease surveillance points system 1990~1999; Census 2000; One percent survey 2005; Child and Maternal Surveillance System 1991~2012; Census 2010

Colombia A 1950-1979, 1982-2009 2009 75-89 Census, 24 October 1973; Encuesta Colombiana de Fecundidad, May-August 1976; Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, June-July 1978; Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Uso de Anticoncepion, October-December 1978; Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, June-July 1980; Census, 15 October 1985; DHS, October-December 1986; DHS, May-August 1990; DHS, March-June 1995; DHS 2000; DHS, October 2004-June 2005; DHS 2009-2010

Comoros D Not available Census 1980; Census 1991; DHS 1996; MICS 2000; Census 2003

Congo E Not available Census 1974; Census 1984; DHS, July-November 2005; AIDS Indicator Surveys (AIS) 2009

Cook Islands B 1951-1960, 1965, 1968, 1971-1973, 1975-1977, 1979-2002, 2005-2009

2009 90-100 Census 1966; Census 1976; Census 1981; Census 1996; Census 2001

Costa Rica A 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Census, 14-19 May 1973; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, July-December 1976; Encuesta de Prevalencia Anticonceptiva, March-May 1978; Encuesta de Prevalencia Anticonceptiva, January-April 1981; Census, 11 June 1984; Encuesta de Fecundidad y Salud, January-May 1986; Census 2000

Côte d'Ivoire E Not available Enquête Démographique à Passages Répétés, 1978-1979 (Nationals only); Enquête Ivoirienne sur la Fécondité, August 1980-March 1981; Population and Housing Census, March 1988; DHS, June-November 1994; Census 1998; DHS 1998-1999; DHS 2005

Croatia B 1982-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Cuba B 1959-1965, 1968-2010 2010 90-100 Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Egresos de la Poblacion, 1974; Encuesta Demograpfica Nacional, 22-31 March 1979; Census, 11 September 1981; Encuesta Nacoinal de Fecundidad, November-December 1987

Cyprus B 1950-1961, 1972-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Czech Republic B 1982-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

D 2000 Census 1993; Census 2008

Democratic Republic of the Congo

E Not available Census, 1 July 1984; Enquête nationale sur la situation des enfants et des femmes 1995; MICS 2001; DHS 2007; MICS 2010

Denmark B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

16

Country





Djibouti E Not available Demographic Survey 1991; Pan Arab Project for Family Health 2002; MICS 2006

Dominica B 1950-1963, 1966-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Dominican Republic A 1950-1992, 1994-2008 2008 50-74 Census, 9-10 January 1970; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, April-June 1975; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, February-May 1980; Census, 12-13 December 1981; Encuesta Nacional de Prevalenceia del Uso de Anticonceptivos, May-July 1983; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud, September-December 1986; DHS 1991; DHS 1996; DHS 1999; Census 2002; DHS 2002; MICS 2006; DHS 2007; Encuesta Nacional de Hogares de Propositos Multiples ENHOGAR 2009-2010

Ecuador A 1954-2012 2010 75-89 Census, 8 June 1974; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, August-December 1979; Census, 28 November 1982; Encuesta National de Salud Materno Infantil y Variables Demograficas, September-November 1982; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar, January-March 1987; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Materna e infantil, July-October 1989; Census, 25 November 1990; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Materna e infantil 1994; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Materna e infantil 1999; Census 2001; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Materna e infantil 2004; Census 2010

Egypt B 1950-1981, 1983-2011 2011 90-100 Census, 23 November 1976; World Fertility Survey, May-June 1980; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, October-November 1984; Census, 17-18 November 1986; DHS October 1988 - January 1989; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1991; DHS, November 1992- February 1993; DHS, November 1995- January 1996; DHS 1997; DHS 2000; DHS 2003; DHS 2005; DHS 2008

El Salvador A 1950-2009 2009 75-89 Census, 28 June 1971; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, May-June 1973; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar, May-June 1985; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar, May-June 1988; Census 1992; Encuesta de Hongares de Propositos Multiples, March 1992; Encuesta de Hongares de Propositos Multiples, September 1992; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar, 1993; Encuesta de Hongares de Propositos Multiples, March 1993; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar El Salvador, 1998 - Informe final; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar El Salvador, 2002-2003; Census 2007; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar 2008

Equatorial Guinea E 1954-1959 Census 1983; Census 1994; MICS 2000; Census 2001

Eritrea E 1998-1999 DHS, September- December 1995; DHS, March- July 2002

Estonia B 1981-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

17

Country





Ethiopia E Not available Demographic Survey 1981; Census, 9 May 1984; National Family and Fertility Survey 1990; Population and Housing Census 1994; Indepth Survey 1995-1996 (site of Butajira); Indepth Survey 1995-1996 (site of Ifkara); DHS 2000; DHS, April-August 2005; Census 2007; DHS 2011

Fiji D 1950-1987, 1992-2000, 2004, 2009

World Fertility Survey 1974; Census 1986; Census 1996

Finland B 1950-2010 2011 90-100 Not available

France B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Gabon E Not available DHS 2000

Gambia E Not available Census 1973; Census 1983; Gambian Contraceptive Prevalence and Fertility Determinants Survey 1990; Survey 1993-1994; Census 1993; Indepth Survey 1995-1999 (site of Farafenni); MICS 2000; MICS 2006; MICS 2010

Georgia A 1981-2001, 2003-2010 2011 75-89 Reproductive Health Survey 1999; MICS 2005; Reproductive Health Survey 2005; Reproductive Health Survey 2010-2011

Germany B 1969-1978, 1980-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Ghana E 1958, 1960, 1967-1971, 1999 Census 1948; Census 1960; Dual Registration 1968-1969; Supplementary Inquiry of Ghana, August-September 1971; CCP Registration 1974-1977; Ghana Fertility Survey, February 1979-March 1980; DHS, February-May 1988; DHS 1993; Indepth Survey 1995-1999 (site of Navrongo); DHS 1998; Census 2000; DHS 2003; MICS 2006; Maternal Health Survey 2007; DHS 2008

Greece B 1951-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Grenada B 1950-1969, 1974-1978, 1985, 1988-2010


Guatemala A 1950-1981, 1983-2009 2009 75-89 Census, 26 March-7 April 1973; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, Planificacion Familiar y Comunicacion, September 1977-August 1978; Census, 26 March 1981; Encuesta Nacional Socio-Demografica, October 1986-August 1987; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil, September-December 1987; Encuesta Nacional Socio-Demografica, April-July 1989; DHS 1995; DHS 1999; Census 2002; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2002; Encuesta nacional de Salud Materno Infantil (ENSMI) 2008-09 Preliminary

Guinea E Not available Survey 1954-1955; Household death Enquête Démographique et de Santé, May 1992-March 1993; Census 1996; DHS 1999; MICS 2003; DHS 2005

Guinea-Bissau E 1966, 1969-1970 Census 1950; Indepth survey 1995-1997 (site of Bandim); MICS 2000; MICS 2006; MICS 2010

Guyana A 1950-1961, 1969-1971, 1974-1977, 1979, 1984,

1988-2008

2008 75-89 World Fertility Survey 1975; MICS 2000; Census 2002; HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey 2005; MICS 2006; DHS 2009 - preliminary; DHS 2009

18

Country





Haiti E 1950-1981, 1983, 1997, 1999, 2001-2003

Census, 31 August 1971; Enquête Démographique à Passages Répétés, August 1971-November 1973; Enquête Haitienne sur la Fécondité, July-September 1977; Census, 30 August 1982; Enquête Haitienne sur la Prévalence de la Contraception, 1983; Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, May-September 1987; Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services II, July1994-January 1995; DHS 2000; Census 2003; DHS, October 2005-June 2006

Honduras D 1950-1983, 1987-1990 Encuesta Demografica Nacional de Honduras, December 1970-October 1972; Encuesta Demografica Nacional Retrospectiva, July-October 1972; Census, 6 March 1974; Encuesta Demografica Nacional de Honduras, July 1983-January 1984; Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil, February 1984-February 1985; Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiologia y Salud Familiar, June-November 1987; Census, 29 May 1988; Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiologia y Salud Familiar, September 1991-February 1992; Encuesta nacional de epidemiología y salud familiar 1996; Census 2001; Encuesta nacional de epidemiología y salud familiar 2001; DHS, October 2005-May 2006

Hungary B 1950-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Iceland B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

India A 1971-2010 (Sample Registration System)

2008 75-89 National Family Planning Survey, July 1970-January 1971; Survey on Infant and Child Mortality, 1979; Second All-India Family Planning Survey, 1980-1981; Census, 1 March 1981; National Famliy Health Survey April 1992-September1993; National Famliy Health Survey 1998-1999; Census 2001; DHS, 2005-2006; Sample Registration System 2010 version

Indonesia D Not available Census, 24 September 1971; Fertility Survey, April-May 1976; Census, 31 October 1980; National Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, September-December 1987; Census, 31 December 1990; DHS, May-June 1991; DHS, July-November 1994; Annual National Socio-Economic Survey 1996~2000; DHS 1997; Census 2000; DHS 2002-2003; National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2003~2010; DHS 2007; Census 2010

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

D 1983-1984, 1999-2001, 2002-2004 (partial Vital

Registration), 2005-2008

Baseline Population Growth Survey, October 1973; Population Growth Survey of Iran, 1973-1976; Population Health Survey 1974; Fertility Survey 1977; National MICS 1985; Census, 22 September 1986; Infant and Child Mortality Survey 1989; Intercensal Population Survey 1991; National MICS 1995; Demographic Survey 1998; National MICS 1998; DHS 2000; Reproductive and Mortality study from Mother 1980~2000; Vital Horoscope 1995~2003; Census 2006; National Child Mortality Surveillance System 2008

19

Country





Iraq D 1955, 1958-1969, 1976-1977, 1987-1989, 2008

Census 1957; Demographic Sample Survey and Sample Registration System 1973-1974; Fertility Survey, 1974; Census, 17 October 1987; National Child Health Survey 1989; Immunization, Diarrhoeal Disease, Maternal and Child Mortality Survey, May-June 1990; International Study Team 1991; Infant and Child Mortality and Nutrition Survey 1991; Census 1997; Child and Maternal Mortality Survey 1999 (North); Child and Maternal Mortality Survey 1999 (South and Central Region); Living Conditions Survey 2004; Family Health Survey 2006; MICS 2006

Ireland B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Israel B 1953-2009 2011 90-100 Not available

Italy B 1950-2009 2009 90-100 Not available

Jamaica A 1960-1991, 1992, 1994-2005 2006 90-100 Fertility Survey, November 1975-January 1976; Census, 8 June 1982; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1989; MICS 2000; Census 2001; MICS 2006; Reproductive Health Survey 2008

Japan B 1950-2011 2010 90-100 Not available

Jordan D 1953-1957, 1959-1974, 1976-1980, 1998, 2001,

2003-2004, 2008

Census 1961; National Fertility Survey in Jordan, January 1972; Jordan Fertiity Survey, 1976; Census, 10 November 1979; Jordan Demographic Survey, 1981; Epi/Cdd and Child Mortality Survey 1988; DHS 1990; Epi/Cdd and Child Mortality Survey 1990; Population and Housing Census Survey 1994; Verbal Autopsy Study 1995-1996; DHS 1997; Annual Ferility Survey 1999; DHS 2002; DHS 2007; DHS 2009

Kazakhstan A 1981-2010 2010 75-89 Census 1989; DHS 1995; Living Standards Measurement Study 1996; Census 1999; DHS 1999; MICS 2006; MICS 2010-2011

Kenya E 1960-1963, 1968-1973 Census, 24-25 August 1969; Fertility Survey, August 1977-May 1978; National Demographic Survey, January 1977; Census, 24-25 August 1979; National Demographic Survey, 1983; DHS, October 1988 -May 1989; Census 1989; DHS, February-August 1993; Welfare monitoring survey II 1994; DHS 1998; Census 1999; MICS 2000; DHS 2003; DHS 2008-2009

Kiribati A 1991-2001 2001 75-89 Census 1978; Census 1990; Census 1995; Census 2005

Kuwait B 1962-1989, 1991-2010 2010 90-100 Census, 20-21 April 1975; Census, 20-21 April 1980; Child Health Survey, March-April 1987

Kyrgyzstan A 1981-2010 2010 90-100 DHS 1997; Census 1999; MICS 2005-2006

Lao People's Democratic Republic

D Not available Living Conditions Survey 1992-1993; Fertility and Birth Spacing Survey September 1994-March 1995; Census 1995; Reproductive Health Survey 2000; Reproductive Health Survey 2005; Census 2005

Latvia B 1980-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

20

Country





Lebanon D 1997-1999 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, 1971; National EPI CDD IMR Survey 1990; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1996; MICS 2000; Pan Arab Project for Family Health Survey 2004; MICS 2009 (National)

Lesotho E Not available Rural Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey, March 1968-May 1969; Lesotho Demographic Survey, May 1971; Census, 12 April 1976; Lesotho Fertility Survey, April-December 1977; Census, 12 April 1986; Census 1996; MICS 2000; Demographic Survey 2001; DHS 2004-2005; Census 2006; DHS 2009

Liberia E 1970 Population Growth Survey, May 1969-April 1970; Population Growth Survey, May 1970-April 1971; Census, 1 February 1974; DHS, February-July 1986; DHS 1999-2000; DHS 2007; Census 2008; Malaria Indicator Survey 2990

Libya D 1972-1976, 1981 Census, 31 July 1973; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1995; Pan Arab Project for Family Health Survey 2007

Lithuania B 1968-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Luxembourg B 1950-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Madagascar D 1955, 1957-1961, 1964-1968, 1971-1972

Enquête Démographique, 9 May-11 November 1966; DHS 1992; MICS 1995; DHS 1997; MICS 2000; DHS 2003-2004; DHS 2008

Malawi E 1971, 1977, 1998 Population Change Survey, February 1970-January 1972; Census, 20 September-10 October 1977; Demographic Survey, November-December 1982; Family Formation Survey, May-June 1984; Census 1987; DHS, September- November 1992; Census 1998; DHS 2000; DHS 2004; MICS 2006; Census 2008; DHS 2010

Malaysia A 1970-1979, 1982-2009 2009 90-100 Census, 24 August 1970; Malaysian Fertility and Family Survey, August-December 1974

Maldives A 1978-2011 2011 75-89 Census 1977; Census 1985; Census 1990; Census 1995; Poverty and Vulnerability Survey 1997; Census 2000; Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004 ; Census 2006; DHS 2009

Mali E Not available Survey 1056-1958; Survey 1960-1961; Census, 1-6 December 1976; Census 1987; Enquête Démographique et de Santé au Mali, March-August 1987; Enquête Démographique et de Santé au Mali, November 1995 - May 1996; Census 1998; Enquête Démographique et de Santé, 2001; DHS 2006

Malta B 1955-2010 2011 90-100 Not available

Marshall Islands A 1986-2006 2006 50-74 Census 1973; Census 1988; Census 1999; DHS 2007

Mauritania D Not available Survey 1964-1965; Census 1977; Fertility Survey 1981-1982; Census 1988; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1990-1991; Enquête Nationale sur les Indicateurs des objectifs a Mi-terme 1996; DHS 2000; Enquête sur la Mortalité Infantile et le Paludisme 2003-2004; MICS 2007

21

Country





Mauritius B 1957-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Mexico B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, July 1976-March 1977; Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia en el Usa de Metodos Anticonceptivos, September-December 1979; Census, 4-11 June 1980; Encuesta Nacional Sobre Fecundidad y Salud, February-May 1987; Census, 12 March 1990; Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica 1992; Census 2000; Census 2005; Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica 2006; Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica 2009; Census 2010

Micronesia (Federated States of)

D 1986-1994 Census 1994; Census 2000

Monaco C 1981-1983, 1986-1987, 2008-2010. 1990-2010 from

Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


Mongolia B 1987-2010 2010 90-100 Census 1989; Demographic Survey 1994; Demographic Survey 1996; Reproductive Health Survey 1998; MICS 2000; Reproductive Health Survey 2003; MICS 2005; Reproductive Health Survey 2008; MICS 2010

Montenegro B 1985-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Morocco D 1990-1998, 2008 Enquête Nationale sur la Fécondité et la Planification Familiale 1979-80; Census, 3-21 September 1982; Planification Familiale, Fécondité et Santé Familiale, 1983-84; Enquête Nationale sur la Planification Familiale, la Fécondité et la Santé de la Population au Maroc, April-July 1987; Enquête Nationale sur la Population et la Santé (DHS II) January-March 1992; Census 1994; Enquête de Panel sur la Population et la Santé April-May 1995; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1997; Enquête Nationale sur la Population et la Santé 2003; Census 2004; National Demographic Survey with repeated passages 2009-2010

Mozambique E 1961-1969, 1971-1973, 1997 Census, 15 September 1970; Census, 1-15 August 1980; Mozambique National Demographic Survey 1991; MICS 1995; DHS 1996; DHS 1997; Census 1997; Indepth Survey 1998-1999 (site of Manhica); DHS 2003; Census 2007; MICS 2008; AIDS Indicator Surveys (AIS) 2009; DHS 2011 Preliminary

Myanmar D 1977-1978, 1987-2008 (urban)

Census, 31 March 1983; Population Changes and Fertility Survey, January 1991; Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey 1997; National Mortality Survey 1999; Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey 2001; Under-Five Mortality Survey 2002; Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey 2007; MICS 2009-2010

Namibia E Not available DHS, July-November 1992; DHS 2000; Census 2001; DHS 2006-2007

22

Country





Nauru D 1965-1968, 1978, 1993-1995, 1997-2002

Census 1992; DHS 2007

Nepal D Not available Census, 22 June 1971; Fertility Survey, 1 April-20 June 1976; Census, 22 June 1981; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, 27 January-22 June 1981; Fertility and Family Planning Survey, 28 December 1985-30 April 1986; Census, 22 June 1991; Fertility, Family Planning and Health Survey, November 1991; DHS 1995; DHS 2001; Census 2001; DHS 2006; DHS 2011

Netherlands B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

New Zealand B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Nicaragua A 1950-1965, 1968-1969, 1973-1978, 1987-1994,

1996-2010

2010 50-74 Census, 20 April 1971; Encuesta Retrospectiva Demografica Nacional, December 1977-February 1978; Encuesta Socio-Demografica Nicarguense, July 1985-March 1986; Encuesta Socio-Demografica Nicarguense, November 1992-February 1993; Census 1995; DHS 1998; DHS 2001; Census, June 2005; DHS 2006-2007

Niger D Not available Census 1960; Census 1988; DHS, March-June 1992; MICS 1996; DHS 1998; Enquête a indicateurs multiples de la fin de la décennie 2000; Census 2001; DHS, January-May 2006; Mortality Survey 2010

Nigeria E Not available Survey 1971-1973; Fertility Survey October 1981-August 1982; DHS, April-October 1990; MICS 1995; DHS 1999; MICS 1999; DHS, March-August 2003; MICS 2007; DHS 2008; Malaria Indicator Surveys 2010

Niue A 1950-1961, 1966-1969, 1973, 1975, 1980-2009


Norway B 1950-2011 2010 90-100 Not available

Oman D 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000-2003,

2005-2010

Socio-Demogrqaphic Survey 1977-1979; Child Health Survey 1988; Child Health Survey 1992; Census 1993; Family Health Survey 1995; Comprehensive Health Survey for Evaluation and Reproductive Health 2000; Census 2003

Pakistan D Not available Fertility Survey, May-December 1975; Population Growth Survey 1976~1978; Labour Force and Migration Survey 1980; Census, 1 March 1981; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, October 1984-March 1985; Demographic Survey 1984-1988; Population Growth Survey 1984~1989; Demographic Survey, July 1988; DHS, December 1990-May1991; Population Growth Survey 1990~1993; Living Standards Survey 1991; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, 1994; Fertility and Planning Survey 1996; Integrated Household Survey 1996; Demographic Survey 1997; Integrated Household Survey, 1998; Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey, 2000; Integrated Household Survey, 2001-2002; DHS 2006-2007; Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005-2006, 2007-08

Palau B 1985-2006 2006 90-100 Census 1995; Census 2000; Census 2005

23

Country





Panama A 1950-2009 2009 75-89 Encuesta Deomgrafica Nacional Retrospectiva, September 1976- February 1977; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, December 1975-April 1976; Encuesta Demografica Nacional, June 1975-February 1977; Census, 11 May 1980; Census, 13 May 1990; Census 2000; Census 2010

Papua New Guinea D 1977, 1980, 1998 Census, 7 July 1971; Census, 1 September 1980; DHS 1991; DHS 1996; Census 2000; DHS 2006

Paraguay A 1950-1992, 1994-2009 2009 75-89 Census, 9 July 1972; Encuesta Demografica Nacional, July-October 1977; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, February-May 1979; Census, 11 July 1982; Encuesta Nacional de Demografia y Salud, May-August 1990; Census, 26 August 1992; Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud Reproductiva 1995-1996; Census 2002; Encuesta Nacional de Demografia y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2004; Encuesta Nacional de Demografia y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2008

Peru A 1950-1992, 1994-2007 2007 50-74 Census, 4 June 1972; Encuesta Demografica Nacional, November 1974-December 1976; Encuesta Demografica Nacional Retrospectiva, April-December 1976; Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, July 1977-June 1978; Census, 12 July 1981; Encuesta Nacional de Prevalencia de Anticonceptivos, August-December 1981; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar, September-December 1986; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar, October 1991-March 1992; Census, July 1993; DHS 1996; DHS 2000; DHS 2004-2006; Census 2007; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Continuar 2007-2008; Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar Continuar 2010; Peru Continuous DHS 2011

Philippines A 1950-1953, 1956-2005, 2008 2009 90-100 Census, 6 May 1970; Fertility Survey, 27 February-18 June 1978; Census, 1 May 1980; Demographic Survey, 1988; National Demographic Survey, April-June 1993; DHS 1998; DHS 2003; Family Planning Survey 2006; DHS 2008

Poland B 1959-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Portugal B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Qatar B 1981-1983, 1985-2010 2010 90-100 Child Health Survey 1991; Gulf Family Health Survey 1998; Census 2004

Republic of Korea B 1957, 1960, 1962-1967, 1977-2011

2009 90-100 Census, 1 October 1970; National Fertility Survey, 16 September-5 December 1974; Census, 1 October 1975; Census, 1 November 1980; Census, 1 November 1985; Census 1990

Republic of Moldova B 1981-2011 2011 90-100 Census 1989; MICS 2000; DHS 2005

Romania B 1956-2010 2010 90-100 Reproductive Health Survey 1999

Russian Federation B 1980-2010 2010 90-100 Census 1989

24

Country





Rwanda E Not available Enquête Démographique, 30 September 1970; Census, 15-16 August 1978; Enquête Nationale sur la Fécondité, August-December 1983; Census 1991; Enquête Démographique et de Santé, June-October 1992; Socio-Demographic Survey 1996; DHS 2000; Census 2002; DHS, February-July 2005; DHS 2007-2008; Demographic Health Surey 2010

Saint Kitts and Nevis B 1950-2008 2008 90-100 Not available

Saint Lucia B 1950-1961, 1963, 1968-2006 2006 90-100 Not available

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

B 1950-1956, 1960-1964, 1970-2009


Samoa D 1955-1970, 1973-1976, 1978, 1980, 1992-1993,

2000, 2002

SPC DHS 1999; Demographic and vital statistics survey 2000; Census 2001

San Marino B 1962, 1964-1978, 1980-2007 2007 90-100 Not available

Sao Tome and Principe

D 1984-1985, 1987 Census 1980; Census 1991; MICS 2000; MICS 2006; DHS 2008-2009 - preliminary

Saudi Arabia D 2000-2006, 2009 Child Health Survey 1987-1988; Levels, trends and differentials of infant and child mortality 1990; Gulf Family Health Survey 1996; Census 2004

Senegal D Not available Multiround Survey 1970-1971; Multiround Survey 1978-1979; Enquête Sénégalaise sur la Fécondité, April-October 1978; Enquête Démographique et de Santé, April-July 1986; Enquête Démographique et de Santé, November 1992-March 1993; MICS 1996; DHS 1997; Indepth Survey 1995-1999 (site of Bandafassi); Indepth Survey 1995-1999 (site of Mlomp); DHS 1999; MICS 2000; Census 2002; DHS 2005; Malaria Indicator Survey 2006; Malaria Indicator Survey 2008; DHS 2010-2011

Serbia B 1985-2010 2010 90-100 0

Seychelles B 1952-1959, 1961-2009, 2011 2011 90-100 Census 1960; Census 1971

Sierra Leone E Not available National Fertility Survey 1969; Pilot Census, 8-24 April 1973; Census, 8 December 1974; National Survey 1977; Census, 15 July 1985; Demographic and Social Monitoring Survey 1992; MICS 2000; Pilot Census 2003; Census 2004; MICS 2005; DHS 2008; MICS 2010

Singapore B 1955-2011 2009 90-100 Not available

Slovakia B 1982-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Slovenia B 1982-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Solomon Islands D 1990-1991, 1999 (incomplete)

Census 1976; Census 1986; Census 1999; DHS 2007

Somalia D Not available MICS 2000; MICS 2006

South Africa A 1968-1979, 1980-1982, 1984-2009

2009 75-89 DHS 1987/1989; Indepth Survey 1995-1999 (site of Agincourt); DHS 1998; Census 2001; DHS 2003; Community Survey 2007

25

Country





South Sudan #N/A Not available Census 1955/56; Census 1973;UNICEF Survey 1985; Census 1983; Census 1993; Demography of Forced Migration Project DFMP survey 1999; Sudan Household Health Survey 2006; Census 2008

Spain B 1950-2011 2011 90-100 Not available

Sri Lanka A 1950-1968, 1975-2007 2007 50-74 Census, 9 October 1971; World Fertility Survey, August-November 1975; DHS, January-March 1987; DHS, July-September 1993; DHS 2000; DHS (in North East) 2001; DHS 2006

Sudan D Not available Census 1955/56; Census 1973; World Fertility Survey (Household Survey and Individual Survey) 1979; Census 1983; DHS 1989-1990; Sudanese Maternal and Child Health Survey SMCHS 1993; Census 1993; Safe Motherhood Survey 1999; Sudan Household Health Survey 2006; Census 2008

Suriname B 1950-1957, 1961-1966, 1971-1973, 1975-2009

2009 90-100 MICS 2000; Census 2004; MICS 2006

Swaziland E Not available Census 1966; Census 1976; Census 1986; Census 1997; MICS 2000; DHS 2006-2007; Census 2007; MICS 2010

Sweden B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Switzerland B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

Syrian Arab Republic D 1973-1978, 1980-1981, 1983-1985, 1998-2009 (Vital Registration/hospitals/funer

al offices Data)

Census, 23 September 1970; Sample Census, September 1976; Syria Fertility Survey, June-August 1978; Census, 8 September 1981; Syria Epi/Cdd And Child Mortality Survey, September 1990; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1993; Census 1994; Multi Purpose Survey 1999; MICS 2000; Family Health Survey 2002; Census 2004; MICS 2006; Health Survey for Causes of Child Deaths 2007-2008; Family Health Survey 2009

Tajikistan A 1981-1982, 1985-2005 2005 75-89 Census 1989; Living Standards Measurement Study 1999; MICS 2000; Demographic Survey 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study 2003; MICS 2005; Living Standards Measurement Study 2007; Infant, Child and maternal Mortality Survey 2010

Thailand A 1950-2006 2009 75-89 Census, 1 April 1970; Survey of Population Change, July 1974-June 1976; World Fertility Survey, April-June 1975; National Fertility Survey 1979; Census, 1 April 1980; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, 25 March-10 June 1981; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1984; Survey of Population Change, July 1985-September 1986; DHS, March-June 1987; Survey of Population Change 1989; Census 1 April 1990; Survey of Population Change 1995; Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1996; Census 2000; MICS 2005; Survey of Population Change 2005

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

B 1982-2010 2010 90-100 MICS 2005

26

Country





Timor-Leste D Not available Census 1990; Inter censal survey 1995; Living Statndards Measurement Study 2001; MICS 2002; DHS 2003; Census 2004; DHS 2009-2010

Togo E 1961 Survey 1961; Enquête Démographique, March-April 1971; DHS 1988; DHS 1998; MICS 2006; MICS 2010

Tonga A 1957-1964, 1966, 1992-2003 2003 75-89 Census 1976; Census 1986; Census 1996; Census 2006

Trinidad and Tobago B 1950-2008 2008 90-100 Fertility Survey, 26 March-30 June 1977; DHS, May-September 1987; MICS 2000; MICS 2006

Tunisia A 1960, 1968-1974, 1976-1980, 1987-1989, 1991-

2000, 2008

2000 75-89 Enquête Nationale Démographique 1968-69; Census, 8 May 1975; Enquête Tunisienne sur la Fécondité, May-August 1978; Enquête Tunisienne sur la Prévalence de la Contraception 1983; Census, 30 March 1984; Enquête Démographique et de Santé, June-October 1988; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1994; Pan Arab Project for Family Health 2001

Turkey D 1967, 1990-2000, 2003-2010 Demographic Survey, 1966-1967; Census, 25 October 1970; Census, 26 October 1975; Fertility Survey, September-October 1978; Census, 12 October 1980; Population and Health Survey, August-November 1983; Census, 20 October 1985; Population and Health Survey, August-September 1988; Demographic Survey 1989; Census, 21 October 1990; DHS, August-October 1993; DHS 1998; DHS 2003; DHS 2008; Child Mortality Survey 2010; Child Mortality Survey 2012

Turkmenistan A 1981-1982, 1985-1998 1998 75-89 DHS 2000; MICS 2006

Tuvalu A 1991-2005 2005 75-89 Census 1991; DHS 2007

Uganda E Not available Census, 18 August 1969; DHS, September 1988-February 1989; Census, 1-19 January 1991; National Integrated Household Survey 1992; DHS, March-August 1995; DHS 2000; Census 2002; DHS 2006; Malaria Indicator Survey 2009-2010; DHS 2011 Preliminary

Ukraine B 1981-2010 2010 90-100 Census 1989; Reproductive and Health Survey 1999; Census 2001; MICS 2005; DHS 2007

United Arab Emirates D 1992-2008 Census, 31 December 1975; Census, 15 December 1980; Child Health Survey, March 1987-May 1988; Gulf Family Health Survey 1995

United Kingdom B 1950-2010 2010 90-100 Not available

United Republic of Tanzania

E Not available Census, 26 August 1967; National Demographic Survey of Tanzania, July-December 1973; Census, 26-27 August 1978; Census, 28 August 1988; DHS, October 1991-March 1992; DHS 1996; Indepth Survey 1994-1999 (site of DE Salaam); Indepth Survey 1994-1999 (site of Hai); Indepth Survey 1994-1999 (site of Morogoro); Indepth Survey 1997-1999 (site of Ifakara); DHS 1999; Indepth Survey 2000 (site of Rufiji); Census 2002; DHS 2004; HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey 2007-2008; DHS 2010

27

Country





United States of America

B 1950-2008 2008 90-100 Not available

Uruguay B 1950-2004, 2007-2009 2009 90-100 Census 1975; Census 1985; Census 1996

Uzbekistan A 1981-2005 2005 90-100 DHS 1996; MICS 2000; Health Examination Survey 2002; MICS 2006

Vanuatu D Not available Census 1967; Census 1989; Census 1999; MICS 2007 - preliminary

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

A 1950-2007 2007 90-100 Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad, March-August 1977; Census, 20 October 1981; Census, 21 October 1990; Encuesta Nacional de Poblacion y Familia 1998; Census 2001

Viet Nam D 2007-2008, 2009, 2011 DHS, May-June 1988; Census, 31 March 1989; Intercensal Demographic Survey, 1994; DHS 1997; Census 1999 (3% sample); MICS 2000; DHS 2002; MICS 2006; Population Change and Family Planning Survey 2003~2011 (with queries); Census 2009; MICS 2010-2011

Yemen D Not available World Fertility Survey 1979; DHS 1991; Maternal and Child Health Survey 1992; Census 1994; DHS 1997; Pan Arab Family Health Survey 2003; Census 2004; MICS 2006

Zambia E 1999-2000 Census, 22-30 August 1969; Sample Census of Population, 26 August-7 September 1974; Census, 25 August 1980; Census 1990; DHS, January-May 1992; DHS, July 1996-January 1997; Census 2000; DHS 2002; DHS 2007

Zimbabwe E 1950, 1952, 1957-1962, 1965-1967, 1969, 1982,

1986, 1990-1996, 1998, 2002

Census, 20 March 1969; Census, 16 August 1982; Reproductive Health Survey, July-October 1984; Intercensal Demographic Survey - Round 1, August 1987; DHS, September 1988-January 1989; Census, August 1992; DHS, July-November 1994; Intercensal Demographic Survey 1997; DHS 1999; Census 2002; DHS 2005-2006; Inter-Censal Demographic Survey ICDS report 2008; Multiple Indicator Monitoring Survey 2009; DHS 2010-11

Documents

WHO Life Tables for 2011, 2000 and 1990 Summary of data ...pages.stern.nyu.edu/~dbackus/BCH/demography/WHO... · These life tables are available on the WHO Global Health Observatory