White Steam Cars Models M-O

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WHITE STEAM CARS

The Distinctively

American

Car

9

THE

WHITE

COMPANY

OHIO

R NCHES .

New

York City: Broadway

at 62d St. Boston: 320 Newbury

Street

San Francisco: Market St. at Van Neas

Ave.

Philadelphia: 629-33 North Broad St. Pittsburg: 138-148 Beatty St. Atlanta: 120 and 122 Marietta Street

Cleveland:

407 Rockwell Avenue Chicago: 240 Michigan Avenue London: 35

Kingly St -Regent

St.



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

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.

T H E F A C T O R Y O F T H E W H I T E C O M P A N Y C L E V E L A N D O H I O

ANNOUNCEMENT

H E W hite Steam

Cars

for 1909 are bu i l t

in two

d i s t i n c t m o de l s w h i c h , a l t h o u g h

d i f fe r ing from each o ther w ide ly

in

power, in

size

and in price, resemble each other

in thei r general l ines of const ruc t ion .

The

pr in -

c ipal s t ruc tural change in the new cars, as com-

pared w i th p rev ious

W h i t e

models ,

is in the en-

gine. In

place

of the Stephcnson type of valve

mot ion p rev ious ly u sed , ano ther s t and ard t y p e ,

th e Joy

valve mot ion,

has

been adop ted .

T he

n ew

cons t ruc t ion

has

resul ted

in a fu r th e r

s i m -

pl i f i ca t ion

of the

eng ine , mak ing

it

l i g h t e r, m u c h

more compact an d even s t ronger th an before.

T he larger of the new Whi te ca r s , known as

th e

Model

M,

is

rated

at 40

steam horse-power.

This rat ing, l ike that

of our

smal l car ,

is

based

on the

actual power delivered

at the rear

w h e e l s ,

not merely on formulas , or on the power de-

l ivered at the

engine.

T he

prices

for the

Model

M cars , f .o .b . Cleveland, are as

fol lows :

w i t h

seven-passenger or

five-passenger

tour ing body ,

$4,000; w i t h li m o u s i n e b o dy ,

$4,800;

w i t h

l an-

d a u l e t

b o dy , $5,000. The whe el base of the

Model M is

1 2 2

inches ; t he f ront t i res arc

36

x 4 , and the rear t ires, 36 x 5 . The di-

mens ions of the eng ine are as

fo l l ows :

s t roke ,

4^ ; high-pressure

c y l i nde r ,

3 bore; low-pres-

sure cyl inder ,

5

bore.

The smaller of the

new

W hi te ca rs , know n as

the Model O, is

rated

at 20

steam horse-power.

The

prices

of the

Model

O

cars, f .o.b.

Cleve-

land, are as fo l lows: w i t h tour ing ca r o r run -

abou t body , $2,000; w i t h limousine body, $2,800.

T he wheel base of the M o de l O is

104 ;

the

t ires, both

front

and rear , are 32 x 3^ . The

dimens ions

of the

engine

are:

s t roke ,

3 ;

h i g h -

pressure cylinder, 2

bore;

low-pressure cy l ind er ,

4l bore.

In the

fol lowing

pages, the two new mo de ls

are fully

descr ibed

an d

i l lu s t ra t ed

and the ad-

vantages

of the

W h i te

are set

for th

i n c ons i de rab l e

detai l .

Three



TH E I N C O M P A R A B L E WHITE

F I G .

1 .

M O D E L

M

F O R TY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E

C A R

W I T H P U L L M A N B O D Y , 40 00

E q u i p p e d as

shown above

THE

ADVANTAGES OF THE WHITE

STEAM

CAR

A X PEMBERTON,

th e

famous Engl i sh

novelist ,

in an article wh ich appeared re-

cently in the Lond on Sphere summar ized

his experience

w i t h

his White Steam Car as fol -

lows :

I can

n a m e

no

object ion

to the

Whi te S team

Car. I have discovered no defect in it, no d i f f i

culty in i ts handling, no set-off whatsoever to i ts

incontes table

advantages.

Because th e White does possess incontest-

able

advantages

and because our cus tomers

are always ready to speak of the car in terms

such as above quoted, our cars have long en-

joyed a wide popu la r i ty . W e have made and

sold more large touring cars than any o the r m anu-

fac turer in the country and we are the only

Amer i can

makers who sell

cars

in quant i t ies in

foreign

countr ies .

A s the record of the White Steam Car during

the nine

years

that it has been before the public

is fully treated

in the

Wh i t e BULLETINS

and in

o the r pub l i ca t ions of the company, th is catalog

will be devoted mainly to a consideration of the

mecha nical featu res of the car.

The pr incipal advantages of the White Steam

Car are as

fol lows:

A ll var i a t ions of speed are ob ta ined wi thou t

th e shift ing of gears.

T he speed of the car responds instantly to th e

throt t le .

It is free

from

v ib ra t ion .

It is noiseless.

It is smokeless and odorless.

T he

engine

can

never

be

stalled.

It

starts from

th e

sea t—no cranking.

It is easiest on tires.

T he

power

is t ransm it ted

pos i t ive ly w i t h o u t

th e

use of a f r ict ion clutch .

It is une qua led for hil l-climbin g.

It is the simplest car to operate.

It is the

safest

car for the

passengers

as

wel l

as

fo r other

users

of the

highway.

In the next few pages, we shall consider

the

several advantages one by one, in order that they

may be

made clear

to

those

who are not

f ami l i a r

with

the White Steam Car of to-day.

F ou r



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

F I G . 2 . M O D E L

O

T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E T O U R I N G G A R , 2000

E q u i p p e d a s

s h ow n a b ove

V A R I A T I O N S

OF

SPEED O B T A I N E D

WITHOUT SHIFTING O F G E A R S

Each cylinder of the White Steam Car is de-

l ivering power all of the t i m e ; t ha t is , t he r e is

steam pressure back of each piston pushing it in

the direction in w h i c h i t i s going, whether mov-

ing up or down. As there are two cyl inders in

the W hite engine , the crank -shaf t is rece iving

power at all

t imes f rom

tw o

sources.

This

last

s ta tement should be qual i f ied to this e x t e n t — a t

the instant w hen the co nnect ing rod of a cyl inde r

is on dead

center,

that

cylinder

is not

del iver ing

any power ,

but as the cranks are set 90° apart,

only one of them can be on dead center at a t ime

and, therefore , there

is one

cyl inder de l iver ing

power even

at the

instant when

th e

other

is not

doing so. Therefore , the supply of power f rom

the two

cylinders

is

absolute ly cont inuous

and no

fly-wheel is needed. It is also evident that power

will

be de l ivered by the engine , no m at ter a t wh at

speed

it may be

turning.

The dr iver o f a W h i t e can opera te his car at

any rate o f

speed desi red—from

a "crawl" to the

highest

speed

of

w h i c h

the car is

capab le—simply

by

va rying the speed of the engine. Th is is don e

by

m e a ns

of the

t h r o t t l e ,

th e

ac t ion

of which is

to

v a r y

the

a m o un t

of

s t eam admi t t ed

to the

cylinders.

Each cylinder of a gasoline engine can

del iver

power not more than one - four th of the t ime, be-

cause it s cycle of opera t ion is as

fol lows:

On the

first outward s t roke of the pi s ton , a charge of

gas is drawn i n ; on the f irst inw ard stroke, the

charge

of gas is

compressed;

on the

second out-

ward stroke, the charge is

explode

by means of

a spark, and power is pro duc ed; on the second

inward st roke ,

th e

burnt gases

are

expel led,

and

then the cycle commences anew. In practice, the

valves are so

t imed tha t power

is

actually deliv-

ered by each cy l inde r du r ing considerably less

than one - four th

of the

t ime.

Therefore , in a fo ur-cyl inder gasol ine engine

this condi t ion exists—there are only two im-

pulses of power fo r each revolution of the crank-

shaf t and

there

are

considerable periods

of no

power" be tween them. In order tha t th e engine

may con t inu e to turn d ur ing these interva ls of

no pow er, i t is necessary to store up power, and

this is done by adding a heavy fly-wheel. In

order t ha t the f ly-wh eel may store up an y con-

Five



THE INCOMPARABLE

WHIT

F I G . 3 . M O D E L M FORTY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E C A R W I T H TOURING BO DY , 4000

E q u i p p e d as shown above

siderablc a m oun t

of

power ,

it

mus t turn

at a

very

high rate of speed.

In the six-cylinder car the power impulses of

th e cylinders overlap, yet there are periods when

th e

power being del ivered is very small and,

therefore,

it is

still

necessary to use a fly-wheel,

a l though the latter is generally ligh ter than in the

four-cy l inder

car. In cit he r case, the energy

stored up in the fly-wh eel m u s t be

sufficient

to

carry the engine and its load over the periods of

no pow er ( in the case of the four-cyl ind er) or

th e

periods

of

l i t t le pow er

(in the

case

of the

six-cylinder).

It is

thus ev ident tha t

to get

pow e r

from a

gasoline engine it m us t be run at a comparat ively

high

ra te of speed. On the other han d, the

speed of the car

itself

must be frequ ent ly var ied

and in order that this may be accompl i shed ,

all of the larger

gasoline cars

are

provided with

ei ther

three

or four

sets

of

gears

of

different

ratios

(i n

add i t ion

to the

gear used

in

revers ing) .

The

driver

of a

gasoline car,

in order to

secure

any considerable variation in the speed of the

car , must

shift

gears, th at is, he must disconnect

his engine

f rom

one set of gears and connect it

wi t h another , so that the engine may cont inue to

t u r n

at a

relatively constant speed.

W i t h the s ix-cyl inder car , a som ewh at wid er

range of

speed

is obta inable

w i t h o u t

th e changing

of

gears than in the case of the four -cyl inde r

car, and its qual i t ies approach nearer to those of

th e

W h i t e ,

yet it is a

m a t t e r

of

dispute between

th e m a nuf a c t u r e r s of gasoline cars whether the

advantage gained

by the

add i t ion

of two

extra

cylinders counterbalances the greater w eight , cost

and complexi ty

involved .

THE

SPEED

OF THE C AR R ESP OND S

INSTANTLY TO TH THROTTLE

The speed of the steam

engine—and ,

conse-

quent ly , the speed of the car—responds ins tant ly

to the

a m o u n t

of steam

t h a t

is

admi t ted

by the

throt t le

to the cylinders . As we have shown, th e

speed of the gasoline car depends largely upon

the gear ra t io w hich is being used between the

engine and the rear wh eels. Therefo re, in order

to secure any wid e var iatio n in the speed of the

car, it is necessary to

shift

gears . Futherm ore ,

even with in the ranges of speed obta inable on

any one set of

gears,

th e

speed

of the

gasoline

car

does

not

respond

as

prompt ly

to the

thro t t le

as does th e speed of the s team car .

Six



THE CAR FOR

SERVICE

F I G . 4 . M O D E L

O

T W N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E

R U N A B O U T ,

$2000

Equipped

as shown above

IT IS FREE FROM VIBRATION

Owing to the fac t t ha t th e pow e r is being

app l ied

cont inuous ly , the m e chan i sm o f the

W h i t e

car is

entirely free

from

v ibra t i on .

In the

gasoline

car the power i s app l ied interm i t tent ly and con-

siderable

vibration

inevi tably

results.

IT IS

NOISELESS

There

is no

source

o f

loud noise

in the

W hi t e .

In the gasoline car, a

muf f l e r

mus t be provided

for

t ak ing

care of the exp los ions

w i t h i n

the

cy l -

inders .

As the

load increases,

th e muf f ler

does

i ts

work wi th decreas ing

eff iciency.

W he n

th e

muff le r is cut out , as is a common p r a c t ic e wi th

dr ivers when s tar t ing , c l imbing hills,

o r

u n d e r

other conditions

of hard

pulling,

loud and unpleas-

an t

noise results .

T h e

reason

fo r

c u t t i n g o u t

the mu f Hc r

when cons ide rab le power

is needed

is

t h a t

it

causes back-pressure

in the

cyl inders ,

r ed u c in g

th e power of the engine .

IT IS

SMOKELESS

AND

ODORLESS

In the Whi te there is no source of smoke or

of smell . The gasoline used in the bu r ne r is

c o n su m ed w i t h o u t produc ing

an y

smoke

or bad

odor.

In the

gasoline car,

th e

combust ion

o f

th e gasoline takes place w i t h i n the cy l inde r , w he r e

the re

is

necessar i ly present varying amounts

of

lubr icat ing oi l .

If

this lubr icat ing

oil is at all

in excess, it bu r n s w i t h th e gasol ine , caus ing un-

pleasant smoke and smel l . Former ly, not very

muc h a t t e n t ion w as paid to th i s f ea tu re , bu t s ince

th e park pol ice in a number of c i t i es have s tar ted

to

arrest

and

prosecute

th e

drivers

of

smoky

au tomob i l es ,

the

f reedom

o f the

W hi t e

from

s moke

and smel l has been more

widely

app r e c i a te d t ha n

eve r

be fore .

THE E N G I N E

CANNOT

BE STALLED

As the s team pressure in the Whi te car i s

a lways

available, there

is no way in

w h i c h

th e

engine can be stalled. Even in

such

a case

as the

sudden g iv ing

out of the

fuel , there wi l l

be no

s udde n fa i lure

of

power ,

but the

only

resul t

wil l

be a

g radual r educ t i on

of

s team

pres-

su re

and the operator can cont inue for some dis -

tance before

the

steam

is

entirely used

u p . The

gasol ine engine stalls w i t h o u t warn ing when

th e fue l

supply

is

exhaus t ed

(o r

mom entar ily shu t

off ) ,

when

th e spark

fails,

when th e

speed

of the

engine is al lowed to fal l o f f , o r w h en it is over-

loaded .

Seven



TH E

INCOM P ARAB L E WHITE

F I G .

5 . M O D E L M F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E L I M O U S I N E , $4800

E q u i p p e d as

shown above

IT STARTS

F R O M

THE SEAT-NO

C R A N K I N G

T o s t a r t the White car , the operator pushes

d o w n th e simpling lever and opens th e throt t le ,

and the car

starts

w i t h o u t

je rk .

B y

p u s h i n g

down

the simpling lever, th e

high-pressure

steam

is

adm i t t ed

to

both cylinders

and the

torque

of

the engine is enormously increased (when

start ing, great torque

is

partic ularly desirable) .

Ano ther reason

for

admit t ing

th e

high-pressure

steam

to

both cylinders

is

tha t

if the

high-pressure

connec t ing

ro d

should happen

to be

exact ly

on

dead

center, the car

would nevertheless

start

easily.

To start a gasoline engine, it is usual ly neces-

sary to perform the operation of

cranking.

This

process consists

of

turning over

th e

engine

by

m e a n s

of a

crank

u n t i l

a

charge

is

drawn in to

a

cylinder, compressed

and

exploded

b y the

spark .

If n

charge

of gas is

already compressed,

the en-

gine may be started on the first tu rn . If the

cyl inders

are

cold,

or if any

other condi t ion

is

not exactly what i t should be, the engine will

start only af ter varyin g amounts of t ime and labor

have been expended.

That th e

operation

of

cranking

a

gasoline

car is a

serious proposi-

t ion is indicated by the statist ics of the insur-

ance

companies, which show

that from 30 per

cent, to 45 per cent, of al l accidents ar ising

f rom

the use or m isuse of autom obiles are du e to

cranking.

The

operator

of a

gasoline car , having started

his engine, proceeds to

speed

i t up so

that

i t may

develop

th e

power necessary

for

star t ing

th e car. Then th e c lutch is engaged and the

car

starts, generally wi t h

a

jerk .

If the car

happens

to be on an up

grade

or in

heavy

sand or

m u d ,

th e diff icul t ies of

coupl ing

th e

rapidly moving engine

to the

heavy sta t ionary

load

are

increased

and the

st ra ins

on al l parts

of

the car are of greater severi ty.

Eight



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

F IG. 6 . M O D E L

O

T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E TO W N G A R , 2 800

E qu i ppe d as shown above

IT IS

EASIEST

ON

TIRES

For the reason that the White car runs with-

out

vibration that i t starts wi thou t jerk and

that

it is not

subjected

to the

jolts resulting from

the changing of gears, tires last much longer

on the White than on any other car of sim ilar

weight .

POWER IS

TRANSMITTED

WITHOUT

THE USE OF A

FRICTION CLUTCH

In the White car there is no

frict ion

clutch.

It is possible to run the engine f ree—that is

disconnected

from th e rest of the driving gear.

But

when

the car is

started,

and

while

it is in

operation th e engine is connected positively w ith

the rear axle and there can be no trouble or loss

of power owing to the slipping o f a friction clutch.

As is

well kno wn every gasoline

car has

some

type of friction clutch, which is

used

when

start-

ing to connect the m oving engine to the stationary

load and w hich is also used to disconn ect the

engine

from the transm ission while changes of

gear

are

being

effected.

U N E Q U A L E D

FOR

HILL CLIMBING

The superiority of the

White

for

hill-clim bing

and for other kinds of hard pulling is very gener-

ally

recognized.

T he

W hite engine

has the

unique

quality that,

as its speed is

reduced

its

power

does not drop of f proportionately or may not

drop

off

at all.

This

is because in ordinary ru n-

ning the full steam pressure in the generator is

not util ized. T he throttle whe n only partly

opened, acts

somewhat like

a reducing valve,

so that

th e

pressure

of the

steam

as it

enters

th e

engine may be much less than that in the gener-

ator. W hen the throttle is opened wide the en-

gine receives th e

full

steam pressure. In this

way

more

power may be secured wi thout increas-

ing the speed of the engine or the s me power

Nine



THE

INCOMPARABLE WHITE

F i g . 7 . THE W OR KI N G PARTS OF THE W HI T E S TEAM

E N G I N E

P — H i g h - P r e s su r e

Piston P— Low-Pre ssure Piston

V —Hi gh-Pres s ure

Valve

V —Lo w -Pres s ure

Valve

G— V al ve Guide by t i lt ing w h i ch t he Engine is reversed

A — R oc k e r - A r m w h i ch

dr ives

th e

Oiler

D— R oc k e r - A r ms wh ich

drive

th e Pumps

m ay

be secured even if the speed is reduced.

No o ther car possesses this quality and, there-

fore, no other ca r

acts

as well on hi l ls as does

the

Whi t e .

THE

SIMPLEST

CAR TO

OPERATE

The driver of a Whi t e , in order to adapt the

speed

of his car to

varying

road

conditions,

has

nothing to handle except his throttle. The t em-

perature

and

pressure

of the

steam

in the

gener-

ator remain constant, regardless of the running

conditions, w ithou t in any w ay engaging or re-

quiring the

attention

of the

driver.

On the

other hand, the driver of a gasoline car, in order

to

accommodate

th e

speed

of his

machine

to

varying road conditions, m ust operate (i) th e

throt t le ,

(2 ) the spark control, (3) the gear-shif t ing

lever and (4) the clutch.

SAFEST CAR FOR PASSENGERS AND

OTHER

USERS OF THE HIGHWAYS

The

passengers

in a

W h i t e

car are

qu i t e

im -

m u n e from th e danger of being involved in a

grade-crossing accident.

First of

all,

as the car

is

noiseless,

it is

easy

to

hear

th e

warning signals

or the noise made by an approaching train or

electric car. Secondly, as the engine cann ot be

stalled, there

is no

chance that

th e

power

will

fail suddenly a nd tha t the car w ill stop at some

critical time, as on a railroad crossing or in front

of

a trolley car. Thirdly , the driver of a W hite

car is more likely to slow up wh en nea ring a rail-

road crossing, or even to stop his car to make

sure

that th e

coast

is

clear, because this does

not

involve

any trouble on his part. On the other

hand, the driver of a gasoline car, knowing that

to slow down or to stop his car means the trouble

of shifting gears on restarting, is more likely to

take a

chance.

The greater safety to other users of the high-

way

is

because

of the

better consideration which

th e

driver

of a

Whi te

ca n

show

to

those

who

are drivin g horses. Not only is it no trouble

for th e White driver to stop his car, but also

when

his car

stops

his

engine stops, too.

The

driver of a gasoline car may stop his car, but he

is naturally reluctant to stop his engine, because

that means he must get out and crank before

restarting. If his engine is left running the

noise

and the smell scare nervous horses almost

as m uch as if the car we re m oving. Aga in, the

driver of a Whi t e is more likely to stop on a

steep up-grade, when necessary,

or to

drive

of f

the road into heavy sand or mud, because he can

restart from such a posit ion without trouble.

Ten



THE CAR FOR

SERVICE

CONSTRUCTION

OF THE WHITE STEAM CAR

T

HE method of opera t ion of the Whi te

Steam

Car may be

described

as f o l l ows :

Water i s

p u m p e d f rom

t h e wa t e r t ank

t h r o u g h the regula t ing devices in to the top

coil

of

th e

genera tor . These

regula t ing devices

d ivert

pa r t o r a l l o f the water back to the tank

pe rmi t t i ng

to

pass t h rough t hem

to the

genera-

tor only such

an

a mo u n t

as the

runn ing con -

d i t ions a t t h e momen t may make necessa ry .

Th e passage o f t he va ry ing amoun t s o f wa t e r

t h ro u g h

the

regula t ing devices cont ro ls

th e

a mo u n t o f fuel supplied to the burner. By this

au toma t i c con t ro l

of the

w a t e r

and of the

fue l

th e

t empera ture and pressure of the s team re-

ma in abso lu te ly cons tan t no ma t t e r wha t t he

run nin g cond i t ions may be . Steam issues

f rom

the lower

coil

of the

genera to r

and goes to th e

engine .

The

s t e a m

on

leav ing

th e

eng ine

passes

to the

condenser

a t

t h e f ront

of the

car .

Here a l l

or the

greater

pa r t

of the

steam

is

condensed in to water

and i s pum ped back

to the t a n k to be

used over and over

again .

These

proc-

esses g o on

w i t h o u t

in any way requi r ing

th e

a t t en t i on

of the

opera tor except tha t

h e

r e g u l a t e s

t h e

speed and pow er of

th e engine

by

me a n s

of th e throt t le.

W e

shall

now

con-

s ide r t he de t a i l s o f

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e

various parts of the

car.

T h e p o w e r

p l a n t s

o f o u r 4 0

h o r s e - p o w e r

M o d e l

M

and of our 20

h o r s e - p o w e r

M o d e l

O

are

absolutely

identical except in size and therefore th e fol low-

ing detai led descript ion applies equally to both

models.

It is

w o r t hy

o f

more than pass ing

a t-

t en t ion tha t in

o rde r

to double the capa ci ty of

th e Wh i t e p o w e r

p l an t i t is not

necessary

to

add to the num ber of par t s but s im ply to in -

crease their size.

It

indicates that the design

of th e

power p lan t

has

been thoroughly s tand-

ard ized and tha t i t i s idea l for automobi le

service.

T H E E N G I N E

The engine const ruc t ion i s

very

c lear ly shown

in

Figs.

7 8 9

10

and

n

Fig.

7

shows

a ll

t h e work ing pa r t s o f t he Whi t e e ng i n e— cr ank -

sha f t

pis tons crossheads conne ct ing rods

valve

mechan i sm and pump leve rs .

The

c rank -sha f t

is a

short one-piece forging

w i t h but two main bearings as show n in Fig . 8 .

F i g . 8 . THE C R A N K - S H A F T A N D A L L T H E P RTS TT CHED T H E R E T O

C —C r a n k - Sh a f t

B B —C r a n k - Sh a f t B e a r in g s

N N — L o c k Nuts a n d W a s h e r s

W —C o u n terw e i g h t

R R—Connec t ing Rods

S S—B a l l

Reta iners

B a l l - B e a r i n g s

i n p l a c e

Eleven



TH E INCOMPARABLE W HITE

This is a

most advantageous construc t ion,

be-

cause when three o r more bearings are used

in any

shaf t there

is

a lways

a

possibility that

they may get out of a l ignment . The main

bear ings are of the annular type and may be

removed

from

th e c rank-shaf t by tak ing off the

lock nuts

and

lock washers,

N, N, in

Fig.

8.

T he main bear ings and the connect ing-rod bear-

ings are fitted

w i th

ball

separa tors

and the

balls

are

of extra large size.

The

connec t ing

rods

are

one-piece

forgings.

If

will

be noted

that the valves are

dr iven from

th e

connecting

rods.

This construc t ion

is

known

as the

Joy valve motion,

which has

long

been

a

s tandard

f o r m in

steam

engineer ing prac-

tice.

In

former

W hi t e models , the

Stephenson

t y p e

of

va l ve m o t ion

was used,

necessi

t a t i ng a num b e r

of eccentrics on

t he c r a nk - s ha f t .

The

adoption

of

the Joy valve m o-

tion

has

greatly simplified

the

engine construction,

reduc ing

the

n u m b e r

of par t s and also th e

size

and weight of the engine.)

B o t h the

high-pressure valve

and the

low-pres-

sure valve are of a type known as piston valves.

The steam pressure is the same on all sides of

a

valve

of

this type

so

tha t

th e

power

necessary

to operate

it is

negligible. Steam

is

admi t ted

through th e center of the valves and exhausts

at

t h e ends.

T he pressure on the va lve stuffing

F I G .

9 .

L E F T

S I D E O F T H E W H I T E

S T E A M

E N G I N E

W I T H

P U M P C O V E R S R E M O V E D

boxes

is

thus reduced

to

tha t

of the

exhaust

from

the respective cylinders.

The

small

arm A in

Fig.

7) on the end of

th e

p um p rocker-sha f t is connected by m eans

of

a ro d to a ratchet device , wh ich d r ives th e

oiler placed

on the

dashboard.

The

pulley

on

the forward end of the crank-shaft drives the

fan-shaft by

means

of a

belt.

The fan-shaft

bearin g is not held

r igidly in place ,

bu t

is pivoted ec-

centrically and a

spring

bears upon

it

in such a way

that the belt is

always

kept t ight .

The func t ion of

the fan is to draw

a

cur rent

of air

th rough th e spaces

between the

tubes

of

th e

condenser,

thus aiding

th e

process

of

con-

densation.

The

crank-case

of the engine is

made in one piece,

but ready access

m ay be had to all

parts

within

by

th e removal of the

side and bottom

plates,

and the

crank

shaf t

may

b e t a k e n o u t

through either

end. The new

engine permits

of

a

pleasing

and

symm et r ica l a r rangement

of the

necessary

piping

and

everything

under the

bonnet

is

easily accessible.

Stuffing-boxes are fitted to

the

uppe r end of the slides in which th e

cross

heads t ravel , so that no oi l may be splat te red

out of the crank case. The

p u m p s

are enclosed

so t h a t t h e y may be kept free from dus t , yet

they

are

readily accessible,

as

shown

in

Fig.

9.

There are the most thoro ugh p rovisions for

Twelve



THE CAR FOR

SERVICE

F I G . 1 0 .

R E A R V I E W

O F T H E

W H I T E S T EA M E N G I N E

HHHIMHMnMMHMMMnMBii^̂ HMHMHMBHHHB̂ ^̂ BnBBMHSi

keeping the pumps and a l l parts

w i t h i n

th e

crank-case wel l lubrica ted.

T he

cylinders

are provided

wi th re l ief va lves

fo r getting rid of any wa te r w h i c h may be in

th e cyl inders when s ta rt ing

th e

engine cold.

Before admitting steam

to the

e ngine , these va lves

are opened momentari ly by means of a l i t t le lever

on the dash, and the entering steam q u i c k l y an d

effectually removes the wa te r .

The exhaust p ipe from the engine to the con-

denser

is

located

on the

right-han d s ide . W ithin

this exhaust pipe there is a coil of piping, through

whic h the

w a t e r from

the

pumps c i rcula tes

on

its

w a y to the genera tor .

This

a r ra ngem en t thus

constitutes a neat and compact feed-water heater

w h i c h pe r form s the doub le f unc t io n of hea t ing

th e

feed-wa te r

and of

a iding

th e

process

of

con-

densation.

The engine i s so adjusted tha t i t runs nor

mally on

c u t - o f f — t h a t

is, the a dm iss ion of

the steam to each cylinder is stopped before the

end of the s t roke and the s team then works ex-

pansive ly for the balan ce of the stroke. In s tart-

ing the engine, the pushing of the simpling pedal,

besides a dm it t ing the s team di rect ly to both cyl-

inders, allows the engine to take steam during

th e full

stroke.

There is also a

c u t - o f f

pedal

w h i c h , when pressed, admits s team during the

full working s t roke. This c u t - o f f pedal is

used only when s low, hard pul l ing

is

r e q u i r e d ,

as in c l imbing part icula rly s teep grades or run-

ning over very heavy roads. An in terest ing

f e a tu re of the Joy valve mechanism is that, w h e n

th e c u t - o f f is changed, the lead of the valves

rem a ins uncha nged

a nd the

engine thus runs

m ore sm ooth ly on cu t -o f f tha n w a s poss ib le

whe n the

Stephenson type

of

va lve m echa n i sm

w as

em ployed .

The engine i s

reversed

and the

F I G .

1 1 . R I G H T S I D E O F T H E

W H I T E

S T E A M

E N G I N E

W I T H

S I D E -P L A T E R E M O V E D

F R O M T H E C R A N K -

C A S E

S H O W I N G

T H E

V A L V E G U I D E

Thir teen



THE

INCOMPARABLE WHITE

c u t - o f f is

changed

b y

s imply changing

the

t i l t

of

th e

gu ide , G,

in

Fig.

7 .

The

engine

is

suppor ted

on two

cross-members

of the frame, which are so

placed tha t

the

en t i r e

weight of the engine is b e h in d the

f ron t

axle, as

is

shown

in Figs. 15 an d

16.

The

engine

is so

h u n g

t h a t

the

d r iv ing

sha f t is perfec t ly

ho r izon ta l ,

and as

there

is

n e i t h e r c l u t c h

no r

t r an smis s ion

gear

on the

W h i t e ,

the

dr ive

is

d irec t

and

pos i t ive

f rom

the

eng ine th rough

th e

d r iv ing

shaf t to the

rear axle.

THE GENERATOR

T he

W hi te genera to r

may be

described

as the

f u n d a m e n t a l

d i s t i n g u i s hin g f e a t u r e of the W h i t e

Steam Car .

N o

o the r s t eam au tomobi le ,

or, in

fac t ,

no o the r s team power p lan t is , o r ever was ,

provided

w i th

such

a

device.

A s

there

are still

some people who bel ieve tha t the White genera-

tor in some way resembles the ord in ary boiler ,

we

would l ike to s ta te most em phat ica l ly th a t

there is no point of resemblance between the two,

except tha t they bo th perform

the fun c t i on o f

conver t ing wate r in to s team. The essential

poin ts o f

difference

between the two may be

summar ized a s

fol lows:

i.

In the White genera tor , the wa te r is at the

to p

and the

s team

at the

b o t t o m .

In the

ord i-

nary boiler,

the

wa te r

is at the

b o t t o m

and the

s team

at the

top .

— W TER

ianm

TTTHI

THTTT

T~T T

1

1

M

INN

i

im

:

;

)

I t I I I

E

1

; •. ; ;

i

i

;

ii i

ii

m

;

;' ' )

* i

;

)

.J ,

>

F I G

1 2

D I A G R A M

S H O W I N G T H E

C I R C U L A T I O N

T H R O U G H

T H E

W H I T E G E N E R A T O R

F I G 1 3 T H E W H I T E G E N E R A T O R

2 . In the Wh ite genera tor , the re la t ive am ou nt

of

water

and of

steam

is not at all

impor tan t .

In the ordinary boiler it is necessary that the

w a t e r be

kept

at a

certain

definite

level.

3. The

White genera tor con ta ins only

a

very

l i t t le water and steam at any given time. The

ord inary boiler con ta ins great qu ant i t ie s

o f

b o t h .

4.

W i t h

the

White genera tor ,

a ful l

pressure

of steam may be obta ined in a very fe w minu te s .

In the

ordinary boiler considerable t ime

is

neces-

sary to obta in full steam pressure.

5 .

The

White generator

has

only twelve jo in ts .

The

ordinary boiler

has

several hundred joints

and the

boilers

in

some

of the

ear ly s team auto-

mobiles had several thousand joints.

6. The joints in the White genera tor are at

the top, where they

are not

subjected

to

very

much hea t .

In the

ordinary b oiler, abo ut o ne-

half

of the

jo in ts

are

exposed

to the

hottest part

of th e fire.

7. The

joints

in the

White genera tor

are

m u c h

stronger than it is possible to make them in the

ordinary boiler.

8. In the W h i t e

generator

the water must en ter

the coldest part and be forced gradually to the

hot tes t

part. In the

ordinary boiler,

if the

wa te r

level

is

allowed

to run

low,

the

entering water

comes in to con tac t

at

once with

the

hottest parts

of

th e

boiler.

The s t ruc tura l fea tu res of the W hite gener-

Fourteen



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

ator, as well as its lack of resemblance to the

ordinary boiler,

will be

made clear

by the

fol-

lowing

description and by an inspection of

Figs.

12

and 13. The generator consists of

nine coils

of

steel tubing placed

one

above

th e

other

an d

connected

in

series.

If the

whole were

to be

unwound and straightened

out,

it

would

be

seen

tha t the generator is made up of a single long piece

of

tubing. In

both

the

Model

M and Model

cars

the

generator tubing

is of

one-half

inch

internal d iameter , but the length of tubing

differs,

of

course,

for the two

models.

Fig.

12

shows diagrammatically

th e

circula-

tion

of the

water

and

steam through

the

gen-

erator.

It

will

be seen tha t the water or steam,

in

order to pass from one coil to that next below,

must

be

forced

up to a

level above

the top

coil

and must then pass down again.

This

fea ture

is

an important element in the construction of

the generator, as it prevents water from descend-

in g

by gravity and renders th e

circulat ion down

through

ih e

generator dependent upon

th e

action

of th e

pumps.

In

operation,

water is pumped into the

upper

coil and steam issues from the lower coil. The

precise point

at

which

the

water

flashes into steam has never been

definitely

determined, but it probably

varies

with

different

running conditions.

There

is but a

very

small

q u a n t i t y

of water and steam in the generator at

any given mom ent (in the larger car, the

total capacity of the generator is less

than one-third of a cubic foot), but

the process of m akin g steam is so

rapid

that

steam

is always available in

the quanti ty which the running condi-

tions may make necessary. It is also

evident

that, because

of the

small

capacity of the

generator,

very little

t ime

is necessary for

getting

up

steam.

The

strength

of the

tubing used

in

the White generator is greater than

can be definitely

determined

by any

available testing appar atus. Prof. R.

C. Carpenter, working in the laboratories of

Cornell Universi ty ,

found

th a t

the

tub ing wi th -

stood a pressure of 18,900 poun ds per square inch

without showing any signs of rupture. The

tests

could not be continued

w i th

higher pressures, ow-

ing to the l im itat io ns of the test ing apparatus. I t

should be

thoroughly understood, however, that

th e

safety

of the White generator does not depend

upon the integrity of the tubing. In other words,

if th e

tub ing should rup ture there w ould

be

absolutely

no

chance

of

harm

to the

occupants

of

the car.

There

would be no more inconveni-

ence caused by the giving

way

of a Whi te

generator while the car was traveling

along

the

road th an wou ld result

from th e

break ing

of

some

part of the

engine.

The

late Prof.

R .

H .

Thurston,

in

discussing

this

sub jec t ,

said, If

a

rup ture

is

effected,

it will not

result

in

any th ing

more serious than

a

split tube

in

which

the rent

acts as a self-provided safety valve. It has

already been pointed out that there is compara-

tively l i t t le water and steam in the generator .

In

this respect

it

differs

radically

from all

o t h e r

forms of steam-making devices, for the ordinary

boiler, besides being a steam-maker, serves also

F I G .

1 4 . R E A R

A X L E

A N D

B R A K E

C O N S T R U C T I O N O F T H E

M O D E L

O

W H I T E

C A R

Fifteen



THE

INCOMPARABLE

WHITE

F I G . 1 5 .

CHASSIS

O F T H E M O D E L M F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I TE G A R

Th e c h a ss i s is the same for al l the s t y l e s o f M o d e l M cars shown in t h i s

cat alog

as a r ese rv o i r f o r a cons iderab le vo lu m e of

both wa ter and steam. The explosion of an

ord inary bo i l e r—due generally to the fai lure of

one or more of the hundreds of jo in ts—is danger-

ous, not so much because of the escape of the

steam already fo rme d , but because there is

present

a very large volume of water which

passes

i n t o

s team

as

soon

as it is

relieved

of

pre s sure .

T h e r e

has

ne ve r

been an accident caused by

th e

genera to r

of a

Whi te S team

C a r — a n d

there

are over 6,000 cars of th i s m a k e in use.

U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,

however , o ther makes

of

steam

cars

have been bui l t w i t h ordinary boilers.

From t ime to t ime accidents to these obsolete

types of

steam

a u t o m o b i l e s are reported

and some people conclude that a W hite is

involved.

No one would judge the gasol ine

cars

of to-

day by the character is t ics of those built several

years ago, yet i t is a singular fact tha t some

people enter ta in a prejudice against th e W h i t e

of

to -day based solely on a know ledge that

some of the ear ly crude makes of s team cars

were unsat isfactory and, in some cases, even

dangerous.

HIGH

EFFICIENCY

To those who are famil iar w i t h t h e o r d i n a r y

types

of steam

machinery,

th e

economy

and ef-

f iciency of the White engine and the White gene-

rator are m atters of great interest . Professor

Carpenter , in a paper read b efore the Am erican

Society of

Mechanical E ngineers , repor ted th at

th e

W hite pow er-plant (generator , engine

and

all

accessories) develops

one

actual horse-power

for each 14.3 pounds of weight.

Professor Carpenter fu r the r repor ted that ,

in

the extensive tests wh ich he had conduc ted,

th e

White power-plant showed

a

water con-

sumpt ion of but 11.96 pounds per horse-power

per hour . This record is equaled only by t h a t

of t h e l a r g e s t t r i p l e - e x p a n s i o n c o n d e n s i n g

engines.

Owing to the high economy of the White en-

gine, it is possible to condense almost all of the

steam and , there fore, great mileage is obta ined

on one filling of the wa ter tank . The exact mile-

age

depends upon

the

running condi t ions,

but

it

is a

conservat ive s ta tement that

a

W h i t e

car

will make any ordinary

day s

trip on a tank of

water .

Sixteen



THE CAR FOR

SERVICE

F I G . 1 6 . CHASSIS O F T H E M O D E L O T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E G A R

Th e

c h as s i s

is th e

same

for a l l the s ty l es o f

M o d e l

O

cars

e x c e p t t h e

r u n a b o u t

THE URNER

Benea th

the

genera tor

is

located

th e

burne r .

The fuel gasoline is supplied to the burne r

unde r a modera te pressure wh ich is mainta ined

by

th e

a i r -pump a t tached

to the

engine.

T he

fuel f irst passes through the vaporizer and then

in the

form

of a gas enters the burner whe re

it

m ixes

freely

with the a ir and burns with a

blue f lame giving per fec t combust ion. The pro-

ducts of

combust ion

pass

upward through

th e

coils of the generator w hich abstract practically

all of the hea t f rom them. The gases a re then

conduc ted downward through

an annular f lue

sur rounding the genera tor and are conducted to

th e rear of the

car wh ere they

are

dissipated

wi thou t their escape b eing in any way noticeable—

in contrast with th e tendency of the gasoline car

to leave ill-smelling smoke in its wake.

This

di f ference in fav or of the Wh ite as a l-

ready expla ined

is due to the f ac t

t ha t

th e

com-

bustion of gasoline alone does not create any

objec t ionable fumes whi le th e combus t ion of gaso-

line

and

lub r ica t ing oil wh ich takes place

wi t h in

the cylinders of the gasoline engine results in bo th

smoke and smell.

T he

generator

and the f lue

s u r r ound i ng

i t as

well

as the due beneath th e car are com pletely

insula ted with asbestos and so thoroug hly have

w e worked

out

this important de ta i l

in our new

models that those

parts of the car

w h i c h

a re

near-

est the genera tor do not when touched give any

indication

of

be ing even warm.

W e

believe that

in the

W hi t e

car the

produc ts

o f

combus t ion

f rom

the burner are disposed of much more satisfac-

torily than

a re the products of combust ion

f rom

th e cylinders of the gasoline car. In e ither case

approximate ly the same amount of hea t has to

be

disposed

of but in the

gasoline

car

addi t ional

difficult ies a re introduced because the products

are

smoky

and

i l l-smelling

and

also because

th e

exhaus t

m us t be muffled in o rde r not to o f fend

th e ears of the passengers in the car more than

necessary.

A

simple device used

in

connect ion with

th e

burne r

is the

pilot light. W hile

the car is in

use

a

t iny

f l a me

burns

he re pe r form ing

t he

two-fold

funct ion

o f keeping th e vapor izer hot and l igh t -

ing the

burner whenever

fuel is

supplied

to the

la t te r .

The

vapor izer

is a

s tee l forging w ith

a

n u m b e r

of passages bored thr ou gh i t and the

fuel

pass-

in g t h r ough

the

vapor ize r

on its way to the

burne r

Seventeen



THE

INCOMPARABLE

WHITE

F I G . 1 7 .

M O D E L

M

F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E

C A R

W I T H P U L L M A N B O D Y E Q U I P P E D W I T H G A P E

T O P

There i s an e x t r a c h a r g e f or the cape top

is conver ted by the hea t f rom a l iquid to a gas.

In s ta r t ing the car when pe r fec t ly cold,

the f irst

s tep

is to

l i gh t

the

p i lot l ight . W i thin

three o r f o u r m i n u t e s th e vapor izer becomes

heated and the m a i n fuel s upply i s t hen tu rned

on. The s team pre s sure r ap id ly m ount s up and

w i t h i n

no t

more than

ten

m i n u t e s f rom

the

t i m e

tha t a match i s touched to the pi lot l ight the

car is ready for the road. The reafte r the car

may be left s t a n d i n g for long periods and when

the driver is ready to resum e his journ ey all he

need

do i s to

open

th e

th ro t t l e

and run the engine

for a m i n u t e or two when norm a l cond i t i ons o f

steam pressure and t e m p e r a t u r e are re s tored.

A s a l ready pointed out there

is no

opera t ion

in

connect ion

w i t h

the

W h i t e

corresponding to

cranking.

THE

R E G U L A T I O N

The sys tem o f r egula t i on whereby th e t e m -

pe ra ture and pressure o f the s team a re kept con-

s tan t w i thout

in any way

engag ing

o r

r equ i r i ng

the a t tent ion of the operator, i s the same in the

new

models

as in the 1908

m ach ine s except tha t

the water passes f i r s t through the regula t ing de-

vices

and

then th rough

the

feed-water heater

in -

stead

o f

v ice versa

as

fo rmer ly .

B y

t h i s

new

a r rangement

the

water diver ted back

to the

tank

has

not had i ts

t empe ra ture increased,

as the

only

water pass ing through th e feed-water hea ter i s

tha t which goes to

th e

generator. To describe

briefly

t he

schem e

o f

regulating

th e

supply

of

wa te r

to the

gene ra tor

and the

s upply

o f

fuel

to the

burner are so controlled as always to be in perfect

ba lance wi t h each other . As soon as the s team

pressure r ises appreciably above th e n o r m a l

workin g pressure both supplies are at once cut

off.

As soon as

th e

pressure drops at all below the

norm al both water

and

fuel

a re

suppl ied

in

pro-

por t iona te quant i t i e s .

The

devices which regu-

late the fue l supply and the

wa te r

supply are

posi t ive

in

the i r ac t ion conta in

no

del icate par ts

and depend for the i r opera t ion only on tempera-

lure and pressure forces w h i c h are abso l u t e i n

the i r behavior. Externa l a tm osph er ic or c l im at ic

condi t ions

in no way

in f luence

th e

ac t ion

of the

regulating devices. In the gasoline car as is well

know n each change in a tm osph er ic or c l im at ic

cond i t ions

affects th e carbure ter .

FUEL

AND WATER TANKS

The

gasoline tank

made o f pressed

steel

is

h u n g in a well-protected posi t ion between the

rear of the frame and one of the

cross

braces

Eighteen



THE CAR FOR

SERVICE

F I G . 1 8 . M O D E L O TWENTY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E C A R E Q U I P P E D W I T H C A P E T O P

T h e r e is an extra

c h a r g e

for the c a p e t op

conn ect ing the s ides of the f ram e. The tank i s

div ided

into two compar tments , one of them being

of much larger capaci ty

than th e

other .

Ordi-

nari ly the burner i s suppl ied only f rom the

large

c o m p a r t m e n t .

The small

compar tment t hus

serves as an emergency tank, to be ut i l ized in

the

event

of the

giv ing

out of the

fuel

in the

o the r

c o m p a r t m e n t .

T he

wat e r t ank

is

located u nde r

the

foot

boards

on the

left hand side

of the

ca r ,

as

s h o w n

in

Figs.

15

and

16 .

OTHER

STRUCTURAL

FEATURES

Hi the r t o

w e

have spoken only

of

those f ea tu r e s

wh ich are pecu l i a r to the Whi te car . In describ-

ing those feature s of the W hi te wh ich are com mo n

to all

automobi les , such

as brakes,

axles, wheels,

oil ing sy stem , etc. , i t is difficult to do just ice to the

subjec t .

The specifications of two di f feren t

au to-

mobi l es

m ay read

m u c h

th e

same, yet

as

regards

su i t ab i l i t y

fo r

hard service, there

may be no

com-

par i son be tween

the

two.

For

example ,

a

cer ta in

car may have a sha f t dr ive , but the

shaf t

is set

at such an angle as to invo lve considerable w ear

at the universal joints and much loss of power .

The re for e , when w e specify t h a t

th e

W h i t e

has a

s ha f t d r i ve , w e wi sh to

e m p h a s i z e t h a t

th e

d r i v ing-

shaf t

f rom engine to

rear

axle is hor izontal and th at

th e

u niversal joints have prac t ically

no

w o r k

to do.

Similar ly, whi le a lmost

every

m a c h i n e h a s t w o

independent se t s

of brakes, one

mus t compare

th e

un usu al ly large brak e sur faces

on the

W h i t e

wi th the

cor responding

par t s in

o the r mach ines

to

ful ly apprec ia te th i s feature of the Whi t e ca r .

Moreover , it is diff icul t in a pr inted descr ip t ion

to g ive an ad equa t e i dea of m an y o the r W hi t e

fea tures , such as the ext reme

l u x u r y

of the

uphol s t e r i ng

and the re f inemen t o f

eve ry de t a i l

of

body cons t ruc t i on .

In shor t , the cor rec t designing of the many

par t s enter ing into the const ruc t ion of an auto-

mobi le and the proper solut ion of the tho usa nd

and on e problems ar i s ing w i thin the

fac tory ,

such

as the correct select ion of special steels for the

var ious par t s an d the i r proper hea t - t r ea tment , c an

be

expected only f rom comp anies wh ich have been

bui l d ing

cars

in large

q u a n t i t i e s

for a number of

years. In th i s connec t i on w e wo u ld aga in po in t o ut

that , during

th e

nine years that

th e

Whi t e S t eam

Car has been b efore the pu bl ic , we have bui l t more

large t o u r i n g cars than an y other concern in the

count ry . The purchase r

o f a

Whi t e , t he r e for e ,

receives the

benefit

of an expe r i ence in des ign ing

an d

b u i l d i n g

n o t

ob t a inab le e l sewhe re .

N i n e t e e n



TH E I NCOMPARABLE W HI TE

F I G .

1 9. M O D E L

M

F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E L A N D A U L E T , 5000

E q u ip p e d as sho wn

above

OTHER PHASES

OF WHITE

DESIRABILITY

I

N THE

preceding

pages we have spoken only

of

th e

mechanical f ea tu res

of the

car,

bu t

there are add i t ional factors which should in-

cline the purchaser toward the Whi te .

First

of

all is its splendid

record

of successful every-day

service in the

hands

of

thousands

of

private own-

ers. It is difficult to secure exact stat ist ics re-

garding the mileage and service

secured

by auto-

mobi le owners

as a

class,

bu t

every indicat ion

just i fies the stateme nt that a far greater percentage

of the

owners

o f

W hi t e ca rs

go on

long, hard tours

t h a n

is the

case

wi th

owners

of any

o ther make

o f

car,

and the W h i t e is driven over the cou ntry

roads

a

li t t le later

in the

fa l l

and a

li t t le earlier

in the

spring than other cars. It is a mat ter of

record

tha t a ma jo r i ty of the

pioneer tours into regions

previously unknown to motorists have been made

by owners of Wh i te cars.

Another fac tor to be kept in mind i s the remark-

able record of the W hite in pub lic contests Its

victories in

hi l l -climbing have b een

so

persis tent

that most , if not all, th e events in hi l l -cl imb ing

contests are

open

for gasoline cars only. In

reliability and endurance contests the record of

W h i t e victories is practically unbroken, and i t

may be said of these contests in general that the

more severe the con dit ion s and the m ore rigid

the rules, the more impressive has been the per-

formance of the

White.

The fact that the Whi te i s

th e

only American

car w hich is sold in qua nti t ies in

foreign

countries

is of

considerable significance,

as is the

very

de -

cided preference shown toward the White by the

government au thor i t i es

in

this coun try .

Finally, we would call attention to the far-

reaching scope of our organization. Besides our

own branch houses, we have agents in every im-

porta nt ci ty, so tha t the White tou rist , whe rever

he may

be,

is

assured

of

receiving

th e

best

of

service.

Twentv



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

F I G .

20.

M O D E L O

TWENTY

H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E

LANDAULET,

2900

E q u ip p e d

a s

shown above

TOURING

BUREAU OF THE

WHITE

COMPANY

WING to the

fact that there

a re

more

Whi t e

cars in use

than

of any

other m ake

and

also

to the

fact

tha t

all

White owners

are dist inguished for their ceaseless touring ac-

tivities,

th i s company main t a ins

a

Tour ing

Bu-

reau for the collect ion and dis tr ib utio n of touring

data. An imp ortan t phase of the work of this

bureau is

th e

issuing of the White Route Books,

which give detailed road di rect ions for impor tant

touring routes.

T he

W hi t e Rou te Books

a rc

con-

ceded by all to be the best of their kind ever

issued. Seven num bers of the W hite Ro ute

Book

have been issued, cover ing the

following

rou tes :

N o.

i — N e w

York to the Berksh i re Hills v ia Pough-

keepsie and return by w ay of Hu d so n , K i n g -

ston, N e w b u r g h and

Tuxedo.

No.

2—New York

to

Norfo lk , Va . , inc lud ing

th e

route to and

from

Ph i lade lph ia , Get tys-

burg Harrisburg Hagerstown Winchester

etc.

No. 3—New York to Boston and Boston to New

York .

No. 4—Phi lade lphia to Cape Charles and Ba l t i m o re

to

H a l l

town.

No. 5—Buf f a lo to

A l b an y , A l b an y

to

Buffalo ,

New

Yo rk to A l b an y , A l b an y to New Yo rk , and

A l b an y to Quebec .

No. 6—Ph i l ad e l p h i a to Savan n ah v ia Hagers town,

Wheel ing , C inc innat i , Louisv i l le , Nashvi l le

a n d

A t l an t a .

No. 7—C h i cag o to Niagara Falls and re t u rn , Harris-

b u rg

to

Cleveland

and

Pi t t sburg

to

Wash ing-

ton, Pa.

Copies of these route books

will

be furn i shed , w i t h o u t charge, on applicat ion to the home office, to

any of the branches or agencies of

this

company , or to

the

Tour ing Bureau of THE

WHITE C O M P A N Y

1402 Broadway ,

New

York.

Twenty-one



THE INCOMPARABLE WHITE

SPECIFICATIONS MODEL " M" WHITE STEAM CAR

40

Steam

Horse Power

DIAMETER

or

HIGH-PRESSURE

CYLINDER

- - - - - - - - 3 inches

DIAMETER

or

LOW-PRESSURE

CYLINDER - - - - - - - - 5 inches

STROKE

- - - - - - - - -

4

i inches

INTERNAL DIAMETER OF GENERATOR

TUBING

- - - - - - - - iinch

WHEEL-BASE

- - - - - - -

I2

2

inches

FRONT

TIRES - - - - - - - 36x4 inches

REAR

TIRES - - - - - - - 36x5 inches

FRONT SPRINGS - - - - - -

44inches

REAR SPRINGS

- - - - - - -

5 6

inches

HAND

BRAKE —In te rna l expanding brake acting

within d rums on rear wheels.

FOOT

BRAKE —E xte rna l contract ing brake act ing

on

drums

on rear wheels.

GASOLINE TANK CAPACITY

- - 22 gallons

WATER TANK CAPACITY

- - - 18 gallons

MINIMUM CLEARANCE

- - - - io£ inches

BODY

- - - - - - - -

S e e I l lus t ra t i ons

Regu lar equipme nt consists of acetylene lamps prestoli te tan k la mp brackets piping tire holders

and coat rai l.

SPECIFICATIONS MODEL "O" WHITE STEAM CAR

20 Steam

Horse Power

FRONT SPRINGS - - - - -

REAR SPRINGS

- - - - -

DIAMETER OF HIGH-PRESSURE

CYLINDER 2j

inches

DIAMETER OF LOW-PRESSURE

CYLINDER - - - - - - - - i

inches

STROKE - - - - - - - - - 3

inches

INTERNAL DIAMETER OF GENERATOR

TUBING

- - - - - - - - i inch

WHEEL-BASE - - - - - - -

I 4

inches

FRONT

TIRES

- - - - - - -

32x3^

inches

REAR

TIRES - - - - - - -

32x3

inches

- - 37 inches

- - 45 inches

HAND

BRAKE—Inte rna l expanding brake act ing

wi th in

d r um s on rear wheels.

FOOT BRAKE —E xte rna l

con t r ac t ing

brake,

acting

on d r um s on

rear

wheels.

GASOLINE TANK CAPACITY - - 15 gallons

WATER TANK CAPACITY

- - -

13

gallons

MINIMUM CLEARANCE

- - - -

10

inches

BODY - - - - - - - - - S e e I l lustra t ions

Regular equipment consists of acetylene lamps prestol i te tank lamp brackets piping and coat rai l .

All

prices herein quoted

are F O B. Cleveland

Twenty-two



THE CAR FOR SERVICE

W A R R A N T Y

LL the parts of the

W hite Steam Car, Models M

V

and

O,

are

waranted

by the

seller against

defects

in w o r k m a n s h ip

or

material ,

for the

season

of

1909, ending

December

31, 1909, as follows:

Upon

th e

re turn

to

that

office of The

W hi te Company

from

which the car was purchase d the said

offices

being

as follows: The Home Office, at Cleveland, Ohio, and

th e branch offices at New York, Chicago, San Francisco,

Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Atlanta

and

London)

of any

broken

o r

defective part wi thin said period,

transportation prepaid, th e

same will

be repaired or a cor-

responding new part will be supplied free of charge, f.o.b.

said office, if , upon inspection, the failure of said part is

shown to be due to

defect

in

mater ia l

or

workmanship,

and not due to

abnormal use, misuse,

neglect, or

accident;

but we assume no responsib ility for any labor or dam age

of

any

kind except

as

above provided.

We make no warranty whatever

wi th

respect to tires,

rims, gauges, lamps and other equipment not manufac-

tured by us.

The condition of this warranty is such that if the motor

vehicle to which it applies i s altered or repaired outside of

our

factory, offices,

or

distributing

points, our

liability

under

th is

warranty shall cease.

The

purchaser understands

and

agrees that

no

warranty

of an y k ind , of White Steam Cars, is made or author ized

to be made by The W hite Com pany other than that here-

inabove set forth.

THE

WHITE

C O M P A N Y

Twenty-three

Documents

White Steam Cars Models M-O