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LineLoad Reactor
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� AN0032/A� July2008Copyright©2008byACTechnology www.lenze-actech.com �-508-278-9�00 Forgeneralinformationonly.Contentsubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
Application Note
Inputandoutputreactorsserveverydifferentpurposes.Simplyput,aninputreactorprotectsthedriveandanout-putreactorprotectsthemotor.However,thereareafewmoredetailstodeterminethecorrectapplication.
Input (Line) Reactors
Aninputorlinereactorhelpsprotectavariablefrequencydrive(VFD)frominputpowerlinedisturbancesthatcouldcausenuisancetrippingordamagetothedrive.Aninput(line)reactoralsoreducestheharmonicsthattheVFDgeneratesbackontotheline.LinereactorsaresizedbasedontheHPandvoltageratingsofthedriveinuse.Lenze-ACTechuses3%or5%reactors.Input(line)reactorsshouldbeusedinthesecircumstances:
Theinputlinepowerispronetohavedisturbancessuchassurges,spikes,transients,etc.
Thesupplylinepowerisverystiff(greaterthan�0timesthekVAratingoftheconnectedVFD).
Whereharmonicdistortionisaconcern.(IEEE-5�9HarmonicControlinElectricalPowerSystems)
LinereactorsareconnectedinseriesbetweentheinputsourceandtheVFDController.RefertoFigure�forproperwiringinstallation.Thereactorshouldbemountedasclosetothedriveaspossible.
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Controller
A1 A2
MotorB1 B2
C1 C2
Input Line Reactor
Figure�:Input(Line)Reactor
3% Impedance Line Reactors
3%impedancelinereactorsshouldbeusedtoreducepowerlinetransientvoltagescausedbycapacitorswitching,linenotching,DCBusover-voltagetrippingandinverterover-currentandover-voltageconditions.Theyimprovethetrueinputpowerfactorandreducecross-talkbetweendrives.
Theinput(line)reactorofferssomeprotectiontothedriveinshort-circuitconditions.IfthesupplytransformerkVAratingisgreaterthantentimesthedrivekVArating,thenalinereactorisrecommendedtominimizedamagetothedriveincasethesupplytransformerevershortsout.Thislineimpedanceisdependentontheshort-circuitratingforthedriveandonthesupplypowerdistributiontransformer.Specifically,thelineimpedancemustbegreaterthanorequaltotheratioofthesupplysourcetransformer’sratingtothedrive’sshortcircuitrating.
Forexample,let’ssayyouhavea�00kVA,460V,�20Apowertransformerforyoursourceandinstalla3%linereactorinfrontofanMCseriesdrive*.Thismeansforthesimplestcalculation,theavailableshort-circuitcurrentwouldbe�20A/.03=4000Amps.ThisislessthantheMCseries5000Aratingsothe3%linereactorwouldworkfine.Youcanmakethissamecalculationbydeterminingthecurrentofthesupplytransformerandthelinereactorimpedance.
*Thesourcetransformer'simpedanceisnotincludedbecausethedifferenceinsizemakesitnegligible.
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2.
3.
WhentoUseaLineorLoadReactorProtectingtheDriveortheMotor
2 AN0032/A� July2008Copyright©2008byACTechnology www.lenze-actech.com �-508-278-9�00 Forgeneralinformationonly.Contentsubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
Application Note
5% Impedance Line Reactors
5%impedancelinereactorshavethesamebenefitsasthe3%reactorsplustheyprovidemaximumharmonicmiti-gationwithoutaddedcapacitance.Theseharmonicsignalsproducedistortionlevelsthatmaynotbeacceptableforcertainhighfrequencyornoisesensitiveequipment.UseofthemwillhelptocomplywiththeIEEE5�9Standardandreducemotoroperatingtemperatureandmotornoise.
Multiple Input (Line) Reactors
Inapplicationsinvolvingmultipledrivesinparallel,havingmorethanoneVFDconnectedtoacommonpowerlinerequiresonelinereactorperdrive.IndividualreactorswillprovideproperfilteringandoptimumsurgeprotectionforeachVFDandreducecrosstalkbetweeneachunit.AsinglereactorconnectedtomultipleVFDsdoesnotprovideadequateprotection,filteringorreduceharmonicdistortionwhenthesystemispartiallyloaded.
Eachlinereactor isconnectedinseriesbetweentheinputsourceandtheVFDController.RefertoFigure2forproperwiringinstallation.Eachsetofinputlinestothedriveshouldbeinitsownseparatesteelconduit.Thereactorshouldbemountedasclosetothedriveaspossible.
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Controller
A1 A2
MotorB1 B2
C1 C2
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Controller
A1 A2
MotorB1 B2
C1 C2
Input Line Reactors
Figure2:MultipleInput(Line)Reactors
Output (Load) Reactors
Anoutput(load)reactor,ontheotherhand,isusedtoprotectthemotorifthewiringdistancebetweentheVFDandmotorisverylong.ThedrivegeneratesahighfrequencyPWMthree-phaseoutputandnoisespikesaregeneratedontheleadingedgeofthesesignals.Thesenoisespikesgetamplifiedduetothelongcablelengthsandthead-ditionalcapacitanceofthecable.Theresultingvoltagecanexceedthemotor’speakvoltageratingwhereinsulationbreakdownoccurs.
Thegeneralruleofthumbisthatanoutputreactorshouldbeusedifthemotorwiringisover�00feet,butthisvaluevariesdependingonthemotor.IfthemotormeetstheNEMAMG-�Part3�standard,itispossibletohaveasmuchas300ftofcablingwithoutareactor.Ifitdoesnotmeetthestandard,themaximumcablelengthshouldbe�00ft.Also,ifthedistanceisbetween300and500ft,aloadreactormustbeinstalled.
3 AN0032/A� July2008Copyright©2008byACTechnology www.lenze-actech.com �-508-278-9�00 Forgeneralinformationonly.Contentsubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
Application Note
If thedistance isbetween500and�000ft,youwoulduseaspecial typeoffiltercalledadV/dTfilter,astheyprovidebetterprotectionattheseextremedistances.Thisalsovariesdependingonoutputcablespecs,shielding,powerconditions,andnoisesuppressionaswellasisolationtechniques.
LoadreactorsareconnectedinseriesbetweentheVFDControllerandthemotor.RefertoFigure3forproperwiringinstallation.Thereactorshouldbemountedasclosetothedriveaspossible.
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Controller
A1 A2
MotorB1 B2
C1 C2
Output Load Reactor
Figure3:OutputLoadReactor
Multiple Motors
Foranapplicationinvolvingmorethanonemotorbeingcontrolledbyasingledrive,asinglereactorcantypicallybeusedbetweentheVFDandthemotors.Notethateachmotorrequiresaseparatethermaloverloadforproperprotection.Thereactorshouldbesizedbasedonthetotalmotor/loadhorsepower.
TheloadreactorisconnectedinseriesbetweentheVFDControllerandthemotors.RefertoFigure4forproperwiringinstallation.Eachsetofmotorcablesshouldbeinaseparatesteelconduittoavoidnoiseandcrosstalkthatcancausenuisancetripping.Thereactorshouldbemountedasclosetothedriveaspossible.
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Input Fuse
Controller
A1 A2
MotorB1 B2
C1 C2
Motor
Output Load Reactor
Figure4:Output(Load)Reactor&MultipleMotors