What Will Happen to Technical Services?

Remaining processes will be either very easy or very complex

Either very complex or very simple

Backlogs not an option

Immediate availability is the rule

Technical Services tasks migrate to many Divisions

Changing Standards

Replacement for MARC due in five years

Replacement may determine fate of Technical Services

How will this happen?

What’s Wrong With MARC

MARC does not express relationships between materials

MARC does not work well for archives and digitized materials

What’s Wrong With MARC

Not intuitive

Too much detail

“Buried” information

MARC’s Replacement

Must be:

Intuitive

Streamlined

Fully Machine-Readable and manipulable

MARC’s Replacement

Must be a standard suitable for what is now non-MARC metadata

RDA: Not The Future

Not adequate for non-print materials

Doesn’t deal with part/whole relationships

Poorly written and organized

What IS The Future?

What will happen next?

“Big Heads” don’t know

Future is wide open

Restructuring Monographs Acquisitions: Adopting New Technologies to New Markets

Michael Luesebrink, MLIS, PhDMonographs Acquisitions LibrarianFlorida State University Libraries

It’s a Matter of EconomicsThe contemporary academic library of the Twenty-First Century is in the midst of transformation…From traditional librarian centric, supply side driven model To an innovative user centric demand driven model Acquisition units are at the forefront of this transformative process

Objectives of DiscussionDescribe changing acquisitions workflows

Adapting technological efficienciesDescribe changing acquisition’s role in 21st century information landscape

Innovative economic models i.e. PDADescribe new staffing roles in acquisitions

Adopting new skill sets

Book placed inStacks

Requestplaced by

patron

Book invoiced,processed

Book sent to Acquisitions

Order placed with vendor

Patron uses book, finds references

Traditional Acquisitions Cycle

Changing WorkflowsLibraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: PastTraditional model: Monographs & Serials Monograph Acquisitions Unit

Staff of sevenStaff roles: Ordering and invoicing monographs Library of Congress cataloging

Changing WorkflowsLibraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: TodayStaff of five; two less library associatesStaff roles Ordering and invoicing Reduced Library of Congress cataloging Actually substantial increased productivity So, what’s changed?

Innovative Models: Patron Driven Acquisitions

Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA): Innovative acquisitions model

Seamless acquisition or lending of e-booksPurchase triggered by threshold Hybrid model evolving

Patron Driven Acquisitions Cycle

Book now part of

collection

Patron sees

E-book inOPAC

Book is seamlessly

acquired

Book triggersthreshold

Patron accessese-book

E-book in PDA profile/

package

Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: Historical Context PDA programs emerged in early 2000’s Different models are developingFor example Florida has statewide initiatives

UF-FSU SUS consortium initiative

Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What does it bring to the table?Point of demand acquisition responds to usersEfficient use of fundsResearch studies are inconclusive

Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What are publishing issues?

Supply drivenMuddied waters of book publishing industry Copyright/licensing issues

Publishers rely on print revenue streams. Academic publishers like e-journal modelE-book technology more user friendly Approval plan conundrum

Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities? Saves time placing orders and invoicing, a good fit in

demand driven marketSegues well with e-book market: focus - price, delivery time, content Allows selectors to focus, identifying difficult to find items, and refine strategic collection development outcomes

Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities?

Acquisitions need strong IT skill sets Need adaptability and flexibility Critical thinking skills Adopt new technologies as they emerge

In Summation

“On demand information delivery requires that libraries re-conceptualize how they provide information to users. The fundamental library role of facilitating access to information remains, but how libraries accomplish this and who their partners will be are changing significantly.”

Douglas Jones

The Future of Bibliographic Control

Scope of this discussion

Current trends: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic

Description (FRBR) Resource Description and Access (RDA) Library Linked Data

Timeline of the Collection and Organization of the Human Record… and into the Future

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

ValueValue

CreatorCreatorTitleTitle

A Christmas CarolA Christmas Carol Charles DickensCharles Dickens

ValueValue

AttributesAttributes

Entity = WorkEntity = WorkUser Tasks•Find•Identify•Select•Obtain

Entity-Relationship Model

Final Report. Section 3.2

WorkWork

ExpressionExpression

ManifestationManifestation

Item Item

created by

realized by

produced by

owned by

PersonPerson

FamilyFamily

Corporate Body

Corporate Body

Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities

IFLA. Final Report. Section 3.3

WorkWork

ExpressionExpression

ManifestationManifestation

Item Item

WorkWork

has as its subject

PersonPerson

FamilyFamily

Corporate Body

Corporate Body

ConceptConcept

ObjectObject

EventEvent

Place Place

Group 1 Entity

Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities Group 3 Entities

AACR2 Record

RDA Record

FRBR and RDA lay the foundation for Library Linked Data

Now: Boxed Data (MARC record)Future: Library Linked Data on the Semantic Web

Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by

Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.

Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by

Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.

Dumb Terminal

OPAC

Next Gen Catalog

Boxed Data

Semantic Web & Linked Data

Post-MARC metadata XML-based data sets and catalogs

Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog.

Library Linked Data

Elements of description expressed as data sets linked by identifiers

Linked Data

Timeline of the Collection & Organization of the Human Record…

and into the Future

Innovations? Embedded Metadata:

Not only for electronic documents Nano chip RFID embedded paper

New interfaces for Post-MARC cataloging: Fields for free text Fields that auto fill Pull down from controlled vocabularies

Bibliography»Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog. Proc. Int’l Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2010. p. 44-59.»Clancy, Michael. From Memory to Written Record. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.»______. Looking Back from the Invention of Printing. In Literacy in Historical Perspective. Edited by D.P. Resnick. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983.»Coyle, Karen. Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata. Library Technology Reports (46:1; January 2010).»Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural »MoreRFID - Secured Digital to Introduce Nano Chip RFID Embedded Paper in Q4 2007. <http://www.morerfid.com/details.php?subdetail=Report&action=details&report_id=3366&display=RFID >. Accessed April 9, 2012.»Rubin, E. Richard. Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2000. p. 208-261.»Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979.»Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1957.

All graphics created by Annie Glerum. All images either public domain or Creative Commons license. Attributions for timeline animation: 3000 B.C . Marcin Wichary; Book of the Dead #1. McKay Savage; Cordoba Mihrab. James Gordon.

Online Catalog : Encoded MARC Bibliographic Record 000 01563cam a22003377a 450

001 6563162

005 20080703101713.0 MARC 21

008 711222s1961 dcu b 000 0 eng

010 __ |a 61064605

035 __ |a (OCoLC)ocm00185973

040 __ |a DLC |c CWR |d DLC |d OCLCQ |d BTCTA |d OCLCG |d DLC ILS, CC

042 __ |a lccopycat

043 __ |a n-us---

050 00 |a UA927 |b .M23 1961

100 1_ |a Mack, Raymond W.

245 14 |a The occasion instant : |b the structure of social responses to unanticipated air raid warnings / |c by Raymond W. Mack, George W. Baker ; Foreword by Robin M. Williams, Jr.

260 __ |a Washington, |b National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, |c 1961.

300 __ |a xv, 69 p. ; |c 25 cm.

490 1_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). Disaster Research Group. Disaster study, |v no. 15

500 __ |a National Research Council. Publication 945.

504 __ |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69). AACR

650 _0 |a Civil defense |z United States.

650 _0 |a Air warfare |x Psychological aspects.

700 1_ |a Baker, George W. |q (George Walter), |d 1915- |e joint author.

810 2_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). |b Disaster Research Group. |t Disaster study ; |v no. 15.

830 _0 |a Publication (National Research Council (U.S.)) ; |v 945.

856 41 |3 Table of contents |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/61064605.html [1]

Current Cataloging StandardsAnglo American Cataloging Rules – AACR2

These are to be replaced with: Resource Description Access - RDA

New bibliographic description standard for the digital age

Now Libraries are being told to look to the future and expose the bibliographic data in our catalogs as linked data on the Semantic Web.

Semantic Web and Linked Data

The Semantic Web is a "web of data" that enables machines to understand the

semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide Web.

"W3C Semantic Web Frequently Asked Questions". W3C. Viewed October, 18,

2011.

Current Visualization of the Linked Data Cloud [2]

Within the cloud: LCSH and VIAF [3]

The Machine Application layer of Linked Data is where most librarians hit a wall when getting involved with Linked Open Data.

The explanation of Extensible Markup Language (XML), Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), Resource Description Framework (RDF) with talk about subject, predicate, object triples is difficult to understand.

Tim Berners-Lee (2006) the originator of the linked data concept, outlines its four main rules:

Use URIs as names for thingsUse HTTP URIs so that people can look up those namesWhen someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using Web standardsInclude links to other URIs so that they can discover more things [4]

With limited staff and very tight budgets, many libraries will wait to see what direction the earlier adaptors will go.

Most Academic Libraries catalog their original records in OCLC and then export into their local catalogs. Policies and licensing issues with data is a big concern.

In the blog “Managing Metadata” - Sept. 27, 2011 by Laura Smart @ Caltech Libraries: »Focus instead on authority records and on enhancing our repositories. We can add value for our customers. Concentrate on the unique metadata that exposes the work of the faculty, researchers and Ph.D. graduates in our organizations.

VIAFVirtual International Authority File

http://viaf.org/

VIAF, implemented and hosted by OCLC, is joint project of several national libraries plus selected regional and trans-national library agencies.

The VIAF project's goal is to lower the cost and increase the utility of library authority files by matching and linking widely-used authority files and making that information available on the Web.

» National Library of Australia » National Library of the Czech Republic » Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) » Bibliothèque nationale de France » Deutsche Nationalbibliothek » Getty Research Institute » National Library of Israel » Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico

(Italy) » Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

» Biblioteca Nacional de España » National Library of Sweden » Swiss National Library » Library of Congress/NACO » Vatican Library » NUKAT Center (Poland) » Library and Archives Canada » National Széchényi Library (Hungary) » RERO (Switzerland) » Russian State Library-test

VIAF Members

VIAF have the “potential” for international sharing The authorized forms can be shared through

the VIAF project What is important is not the “text” but the

URI (uniform resource identifier) Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605

» John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005 » Jean-Paul II, pape, 1920-2005 » Juan Pablo II, Papa » Jean Paul II, pape » Johannes Paulus Papa, II. 1920-2005 » Iohannes Paulus PP. II, 1920-2005 » Jan Pavel II., papež, 1920-2005

» Johannes Paulus II, påve, 1920-2005 » Jan Paweł II (papież ; 1920-2005). » Ioannes Paulus <papa ; 2.> » John Paul II, Pope lived1920 » 1920-2005, אפיפיור, 2יוחנן פאולוס » البابا، الثانى، بولس، -1920يوحنا

م 2005 . » VIAF ID:35605

URI Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605

Bibliography»“Encoding bibliographic data: the things and strings of the semantic web”, Karen Coyle. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [1] »“Linked data: the play’s the thing”, Ed Jones. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [2-3]»“Practical strategies for cataloging departments,” Rebecca L. Lubas, editor. Libraries Unlimited, c2011. p. 40. [4]