What Will Happen to Technical Services?
Remaining processes will be either very easy or very complex
Either very complex or very simple
Backlogs not an option
Immediate availability is the rule
Technical Services tasks migrate to many Divisions
Changing Standards
Replacement for MARC due in five years
Replacement may determine fate of Technical Services
How will this happen?
What’s Wrong With MARC
MARC does not express relationships between materials
MARC does not work well for archives and digitized materials
What’s Wrong With MARC
Not intuitive
Too much detail
“Buried” information
MARC’s Replacement
Must be:
Intuitive
Streamlined
Fully Machine-Readable and manipulable
MARC’s Replacement
Must be a standard suitable for what is now non-MARC metadata
RDA: Not The Future
Not adequate for non-print materials
Doesn’t deal with part/whole relationships
Poorly written and organized
What IS The Future?
What will happen next?
“Big Heads” don’t know
Future is wide open
Restructuring Monographs Acquisitions: Adopting New Technologies to New Markets
Michael Luesebrink, MLIS, PhDMonographs Acquisitions LibrarianFlorida State University Libraries
It’s a Matter of EconomicsThe contemporary academic library of the Twenty-First Century is in the midst of transformation…From traditional librarian centric, supply side driven model To an innovative user centric demand driven model Acquisition units are at the forefront of this transformative process
Objectives of DiscussionDescribe changing acquisitions workflows
Adapting technological efficienciesDescribe changing acquisition’s role in 21st century information landscape
Innovative economic models i.e. PDADescribe new staffing roles in acquisitions
Adopting new skill sets
Book placed inStacks
Requestplaced by
patron
Book invoiced,processed
Book sent to Acquisitions
Order placed with vendor
Patron uses book, finds references
Traditional Acquisitions Cycle
Changing WorkflowsLibraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: PastTraditional model: Monographs & Serials Monograph Acquisitions Unit
Staff of sevenStaff roles: Ordering and invoicing monographs Library of Congress cataloging
Changing WorkflowsLibraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: TodayStaff of five; two less library associatesStaff roles Ordering and invoicing Reduced Library of Congress cataloging Actually substantial increased productivity So, what’s changed?
Innovative Models: Patron Driven Acquisitions
Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA): Innovative acquisitions model
Seamless acquisition or lending of e-booksPurchase triggered by threshold Hybrid model evolving
Patron Driven Acquisitions Cycle
Book now part of
collection
Patron sees
E-book inOPAC
Book is seamlessly
acquired
Book triggersthreshold
Patron accessese-book
E-book in PDA profile/
package
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: Historical Context PDA programs emerged in early 2000’s Different models are developingFor example Florida has statewide initiatives
UF-FSU SUS consortium initiative
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What does it bring to the table?Point of demand acquisition responds to usersEfficient use of fundsResearch studies are inconclusive
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What are publishing issues?
Supply drivenMuddied waters of book publishing industry Copyright/licensing issues
Publishers rely on print revenue streams. Academic publishers like e-journal modelE-book technology more user friendly Approval plan conundrum
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities? Saves time placing orders and invoicing, a good fit in
demand driven marketSegues well with e-book market: focus - price, delivery time, content Allows selectors to focus, identifying difficult to find items, and refine strategic collection development outcomes
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities?
Acquisitions need strong IT skill sets Need adaptability and flexibility Critical thinking skills Adopt new technologies as they emerge
In Summation
“On demand information delivery requires that libraries re-conceptualize how they provide information to users. The fundamental library role of facilitating access to information remains, but how libraries accomplish this and who their partners will be are changing significantly.”
Douglas Jones
The Future of Bibliographic Control
Scope of this discussion
Current trends: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Description (FRBR) Resource Description and Access (RDA) Library Linked Data
Timeline of the Collection and Organization of the Human Record… and into the Future
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
ValueValue
CreatorCreatorTitleTitle
A Christmas CarolA Christmas Carol Charles DickensCharles Dickens
ValueValue
AttributesAttributes
Entity = WorkEntity = WorkUser Tasks•Find•Identify•Select•Obtain
Entity-Relationship Model
Final Report. Section 3.2
WorkWork
ExpressionExpression
ManifestationManifestation
Item Item
created by
realized by
produced by
owned by
PersonPerson
FamilyFamily
Corporate Body
Corporate Body
Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities
IFLA. Final Report. Section 3.3
WorkWork
ExpressionExpression
ManifestationManifestation
Item Item
WorkWork
has as its subject
PersonPerson
FamilyFamily
Corporate Body
Corporate Body
ConceptConcept
ObjectObject
EventEvent
Place Place
Group 1 Entity
Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities Group 3 Entities
AACR2 Record
RDA Record
FRBR and RDA lay the foundation for Library Linked Data
Now: Boxed Data (MARC record)Future: Library Linked Data on the Semantic Web
Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by
Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.
Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by
Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.
Dumb Terminal
OPAC
Next Gen Catalog
Boxed Data
Semantic Web & Linked Data
Post-MARC metadata XML-based data sets and catalogs
Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog.
Library Linked Data
Elements of description expressed as data sets linked by identifiers
Linked Data
Timeline of the Collection & Organization of the Human Record…
and into the Future
Innovations? Embedded Metadata:
Not only for electronic documents Nano chip RFID embedded paper
New interfaces for Post-MARC cataloging: Fields for free text Fields that auto fill Pull down from controlled vocabularies
Bibliography»Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog. Proc. Int’l Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2010. p. 44-59.»Clancy, Michael. From Memory to Written Record. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.»______. Looking Back from the Invention of Printing. In Literacy in Historical Perspective. Edited by D.P. Resnick. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983.»Coyle, Karen. Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata. Library Technology Reports (46:1; January 2010).»Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural »MoreRFID - Secured Digital to Introduce Nano Chip RFID Embedded Paper in Q4 2007. <http://www.morerfid.com/details.php?subdetail=Report&action=details&report_id=3366&display=RFID >. Accessed April 9, 2012.»Rubin, E. Richard. Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2000. p. 208-261.»Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979.»Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1957.
All graphics created by Annie Glerum. All images either public domain or Creative Commons license. Attributions for timeline animation: 3000 B.C . Marcin Wichary; Book of the Dead #1. McKay Savage; Cordoba Mihrab. James Gordon.
Online Catalog : Encoded MARC Bibliographic Record 000 01563cam a22003377a 450
001 6563162
005 20080703101713.0 MARC 21
008 711222s1961 dcu b 000 0 eng
010 __ |a 61064605
035 __ |a (OCoLC)ocm00185973
040 __ |a DLC |c CWR |d DLC |d OCLCQ |d BTCTA |d OCLCG |d DLC ILS, CC
042 __ |a lccopycat
043 __ |a n-us---
050 00 |a UA927 |b .M23 1961
100 1_ |a Mack, Raymond W.
245 14 |a The occasion instant : |b the structure of social responses to unanticipated air raid warnings / |c by Raymond W. Mack, George W. Baker ; Foreword by Robin M. Williams, Jr.
260 __ |a Washington, |b National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, |c 1961.
300 __ |a xv, 69 p. ; |c 25 cm.
490 1_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). Disaster Research Group. Disaster study, |v no. 15
500 __ |a National Research Council. Publication 945.
504 __ |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69). AACR
650 _0 |a Civil defense |z United States.
650 _0 |a Air warfare |x Psychological aspects.
700 1_ |a Baker, George W. |q (George Walter), |d 1915- |e joint author.
810 2_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). |b Disaster Research Group. |t Disaster study ; |v no. 15.
830 _0 |a Publication (National Research Council (U.S.)) ; |v 945.
856 41 |3 Table of contents |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/61064605.html [1]
Current Cataloging StandardsAnglo American Cataloging Rules – AACR2
These are to be replaced with: Resource Description Access - RDA
New bibliographic description standard for the digital age
Now Libraries are being told to look to the future and expose the bibliographic data in our catalogs as linked data on the Semantic Web.
Semantic Web and Linked Data
The Semantic Web is a "web of data" that enables machines to understand the
semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide Web.
"W3C Semantic Web Frequently Asked Questions". W3C. Viewed October, 18,
2011.
Current Visualization of the Linked Data Cloud [2]
Within the cloud: LCSH and VIAF [3]
The Machine Application layer of Linked Data is where most librarians hit a wall when getting involved with Linked Open Data.
The explanation of Extensible Markup Language (XML), Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), Resource Description Framework (RDF) with talk about subject, predicate, object triples is difficult to understand.
Tim Berners-Lee (2006) the originator of the linked data concept, outlines its four main rules:
Use URIs as names for thingsUse HTTP URIs so that people can look up those namesWhen someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using Web standardsInclude links to other URIs so that they can discover more things [4]
With limited staff and very tight budgets, many libraries will wait to see what direction the earlier adaptors will go.
Most Academic Libraries catalog their original records in OCLC and then export into their local catalogs. Policies and licensing issues with data is a big concern.
In the blog “Managing Metadata” - Sept. 27, 2011 by Laura Smart @ Caltech Libraries: »Focus instead on authority records and on enhancing our repositories. We can add value for our customers. Concentrate on the unique metadata that exposes the work of the faculty, researchers and Ph.D. graduates in our organizations.
VIAFVirtual International Authority File
http://viaf.org/
VIAF, implemented and hosted by OCLC, is joint project of several national libraries plus selected regional and trans-national library agencies.
The VIAF project's goal is to lower the cost and increase the utility of library authority files by matching and linking widely-used authority files and making that information available on the Web.
» National Library of Australia » National Library of the Czech Republic » Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) » Bibliothèque nationale de France » Deutsche Nationalbibliothek » Getty Research Institute » National Library of Israel » Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico
(Italy) » Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
» Biblioteca Nacional de España » National Library of Sweden » Swiss National Library » Library of Congress/NACO » Vatican Library » NUKAT Center (Poland) » Library and Archives Canada » National Széchényi Library (Hungary) » RERO (Switzerland) » Russian State Library-test
VIAF Members
VIAF have the “potential” for international sharing The authorized forms can be shared through
the VIAF project What is important is not the “text” but the
URI (uniform resource identifier) Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605
» John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005 » Jean-Paul II, pape, 1920-2005 » Juan Pablo II, Papa » Jean Paul II, pape » Johannes Paulus Papa, II. 1920-2005 » Iohannes Paulus PP. II, 1920-2005 » Jan Pavel II., papež, 1920-2005
» Johannes Paulus II, påve, 1920-2005 » Jan Paweł II (papież ; 1920-2005). » Ioannes Paulus <papa ; 2.> » John Paul II, Pope lived1920 » 1920-2005, אפיפיור, 2יוחנן פאולוס » البابا، الثانى، بولس، -1920يوحنا
م 2005 . » VIAF ID:35605
URI Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605
Bibliography»“Encoding bibliographic data: the things and strings of the semantic web”, Karen Coyle. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [1] »“Linked data: the play’s the thing”, Ed Jones. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [2-3]»“Practical strategies for cataloging departments,” Rebecca L. Lubas, editor. Libraries Unlimited, c2011. p. 40. [4]