Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
What is Rhetoric?. What is Rhetoric?. The art of persuasion. Pathos Ethos Logos. Three forms of Argument. Emotion Character Reason. Pathos: An appeal to the audience’s emotions. Pathos. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?
What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?What is Rhetoric?
The art of persuasionThe art of persuasionThe art of persuasionThe art of persuasion
PathosPathos
EthosEthos
LogosLogos
PathosPathos
EthosEthos
LogosLogos
Three forms of ArgumentThree forms of ArgumentThree forms of ArgumentThree forms of Argument
EmotionEmotion
CharacterCharacter
ReasonReason
EmotionEmotion
CharacterCharacter
ReasonReason
Pathos: An appeal to the Pathos: An appeal to the audience’saudience’s emotionsemotionsPathos: An appeal to the Pathos: An appeal to the audience’saudience’s emotionsemotions
PathosPathosPathosPathos
““My mother and I were separated when I was My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant -- before I knew her as my mother. but an infant -- before I knew her as my mother. It was a common custom . . . to part children It was a common custom . . . to part children from their mothers at a very early age.” from their mothers at a very early age.” p. 1 p. 1
Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
““My mother and I were separated when I was My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant -- before I knew her as my mother. but an infant -- before I knew her as my mother. It was a common custom . . . to part children It was a common custom . . . to part children from their mothers at a very early age.” from their mothers at a very early age.” p. 1 p. 1
Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Imagery as an emotional Imagery as an emotional appealappealImagery as an emotional Imagery as an emotional appealappeal
““It was the It was the blood-stained gateblood-stained gate, the , the entrance to the entrance to the hell of slaveryhell of slavery through which I was about to pass.” through which I was about to pass.” p. 4 p. 4
““It was the It was the blood-stained gateblood-stained gate, the , the entrance to the entrance to the hell of slaveryhell of slavery through which I was about to pass.” through which I was about to pass.” p. 4 p. 4
Ethos: An appeal based on the Ethos: An appeal based on the charactercharacter of the speaker. of the speaker.Ethos: An appeal based on the Ethos: An appeal based on the charactercharacter of the speaker. of the speaker.
EthosEthosEthosEthos
““Mr. Douglas has very properly chosen to write his Mr. Douglas has very properly chosen to write his own Narrative, in his own style, and according to own Narrative, in his own style, and according to the best of his ability, rather than employ some the best of his ability, rather than employ some one else. It is, therefore, entirely his own one else. It is, therefore, entirely his own production; and, considering how long and dark production; and, considering how long and dark was the career he had to run as a slave, -- how was the career he had to run as a slave, -- how few have been his opportunties to improve his few have been his opportunties to improve his mind since he broke his iron fetters, -- it is, in my mind since he broke his iron fetters, -- it is, in my judgment, highly creditable to his head and judgment, highly creditable to his head and heart.” p. x heart.” p. x
William Lloyd Garrison in the PrefaceWilliam Lloyd Garrison in the Preface
““Mr. Douglas has very properly chosen to write his Mr. Douglas has very properly chosen to write his own Narrative, in his own style, and according to own Narrative, in his own style, and according to the best of his ability, rather than employ some the best of his ability, rather than employ some one else. It is, therefore, entirely his own one else. It is, therefore, entirely his own production; and, considering how long and dark production; and, considering how long and dark was the career he had to run as a slave, -- how was the career he had to run as a slave, -- how few have been his opportunties to improve his few have been his opportunties to improve his mind since he broke his iron fetters, -- it is, in my mind since he broke his iron fetters, -- it is, in my judgment, highly creditable to his head and judgment, highly creditable to his head and heart.” p. x heart.” p. x
William Lloyd Garrison in the PrefaceWilliam Lloyd Garrison in the Preface
Logos: An appeal based on reason.Logos: An appeal based on reason.Logos: An appeal based on reason.Logos: An appeal based on reason.
Four types of Logical AppealsFour types of Logical AppealsFour types of Logical AppealsFour types of Logical Appeals
‣DefinitionDefinition
‣Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast
‣Cause and EffectCause and Effect
‣EvidenceEvidence
‣DefinitionDefinition
‣Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast
‣Cause and EffectCause and Effect
‣EvidenceEvidence
LogosLogosLogosLogos
Two types of definitionTwo types of definition
Denotation -- literal definition of Denotation -- literal definition of termsterms
Connotation -- Connotation -- impliedimplied meaning meaning
Two types of definitionTwo types of definition
Denotation -- literal definition of Denotation -- literal definition of termsterms
Connotation -- Connotation -- impliedimplied meaning meaning
““You have seen how a man You have seen how a man was made a slave; . . .”was made a slave; . . .”““You have seen how a man You have seen how a man was made a slave; . . .”was made a slave; . . .”
““. . . you shall see how a . . . you shall see how a slave was made a man.”slave was made a man.”““. . . you shall see how a . . . you shall see how a slave was made a man.”slave was made a man.”
DenotationDenotationDenotationDenotation
ConnotationConnotationConnotationConnotation
“ “ You have seen how a man was You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man.” a slave was made a man.” p. 39p. 39
“ “ You have seen how a man was You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man.” a slave was made a man.” p. 39p. 39
Compare and ContrastCompare and ContrastCompare and ContrastCompare and Contrast
Devices usedDevices used
AnalogyAnalogy
MetaphorMetaphor
Devices usedDevices used
AnalogyAnalogy
MetaphorMetaphor
AnalogyAnalogy AnalogyAnalogy
““The children were then called,The children were then called, like like so many pigs, and like so many pigs so many pigs, and like so many pigs they would come and devour the they would come and devour the mush; mush; some with oyster-shells, some with oyster-shells, others with pieces of shingle, some others with pieces of shingle, some with naked hands, and with naked hands, and none with none with spoons.” spoons.” p. 16 p. 16
““The children were then called,The children were then called, like like so many pigs, and like so many pigs so many pigs, and like so many pigs they would come and devour the they would come and devour the mush; mush; some with oyster-shells, some with oyster-shells, others with pieces of shingle, some others with pieces of shingle, some with naked hands, and with naked hands, and none with none with spoons.” spoons.” p. 16 p. 16
““You are loosed from your moorings, You are loosed from your moorings, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and am a slave! You move merrily and am a slave! You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the bloody whip! You are before the bloody whip! You are freedom’s swift-winged angels that freedom’s swift-winged angels that fly round the world; I am confined in fly round the world; I am confined in bands of iron!” bands of iron!” p. 38p. 38
““You are loosed from your moorings, You are loosed from your moorings, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and am a slave! You move merrily and am a slave! You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the bloody whip! You are before the bloody whip! You are freedom’s swift-winged angels that freedom’s swift-winged angels that fly round the world; I am confined in fly round the world; I am confined in bands of iron!” bands of iron!” p. 38p. 38
MetaphorMetaphor MetaphorMetaphor
Cause and EffectCause and EffectCause and EffectCause and Effect
““I have found that, to make a I have found that, to make a contented slave, it is necessary to contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one. It is make a thoughtless one. It is necessary to darken his moral and necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason.” to annihilate the power of reason.” p. 58 p. 58
““I have found that, to make a I have found that, to make a contented slave, it is necessary to contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one. It is make a thoughtless one. It is necessary to darken his moral and necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason.” to annihilate the power of reason.” p. 58 p. 58
Cause and EffectCause and EffectCause and EffectCause and Effect
““I have found thatI have found that,, to make a to make a contented slavecontented slave, , it is necessaryit is necessary to to make amake a thoughtless onethoughtless one. It is . It is necessarynecessary to darken his moral and to darken his moral and mental visionmental vision, and, as far, and, as far as possible,as possible, to annihilate the power of reason.” to annihilate the power of reason.” p. 58p. 58
““I have found thatI have found that,, to make a to make a contented slavecontented slave, , it is necessaryit is necessary to to make amake a thoughtless onethoughtless one. It is . It is necessarynecessary to darken his moral and to darken his moral and mental visionmental vision, and, as far, and, as far as possible,as possible, to annihilate the power of reason.” to annihilate the power of reason.” p. 58p. 58
““Slavery proved as injurious to her as it Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me. When I went there, she was a did to me. When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman. There was no sorrow or woman. There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear. suffering for which she had not a tear. She had bread for the hungry, clothes She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and comfort for every for the naked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach. mourner that came within her reach. Slavery soon proved its ability to divest Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities.” her of these heavenly qualities.” p. 22p. 22
““Slavery proved as injurious to her as it Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me. When I went there, she was a did to me. When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman. There was no sorrow or woman. There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear. suffering for which she had not a tear. She had bread for the hungry, clothes She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and comfort for every for the naked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach. mourner that came within her reach. Slavery soon proved its ability to divest Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities.” her of these heavenly qualities.” p. 22p. 22
““Slavery proved as injurious to her as it Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me.did to me. When I went there, she was a When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman. There was no sorrow or woman. There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear. suffering for which she had not a tear. She had bread for the hungry, clothes She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and comfort for every for the naked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach. mourner that came within her reach. Slavery soon proved its ability to divest Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities.” her of these heavenly qualities.” p. 22p. 22
““Slavery proved as injurious to her as it Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me.did to me. When I went there, she was a When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman. There was no sorrow or woman. There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear. suffering for which she had not a tear. She had bread for the hungry, clothes She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and comfort for every for the naked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach. mourner that came within her reach. Slavery soon proved its ability to divest Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities.” her of these heavenly qualities.” p. 22p. 22
TestimonyTestimonyTestimonyTestimony
‣EvidenceEvidence
‣WitnessWitness
‣Reference to other authoritiesReference to other authorities
‣ProverbsProverbs
‣EvidenceEvidence
‣WitnessWitness
‣Reference to other authoritiesReference to other authorities
‣ProverbsProverbs
EvidenceEvidenceEvidenceEvidenceWhen Master Hugh takes Douglass to a lawyer to When Master Hugh takes Douglass to a lawyer to protest his beating by the white apprentices, he protest his beating by the white apprentices, he learns that he has no recourse. He states regarding learns that he has no recourse. He states regarding the unfairness of the Lynch law:the unfairness of the Lynch law:
““He could issue no warrant on my word. He could issue no warrant on my word. If I had been killed in the presence of a If I had been killed in the presence of a thousand colored people, their thousand colored people, their testimony combined would have been testimony combined would have been insufficient to have arrested one of the insufficient to have arrested one of the murderers.” murderers.” p. 58p. 58
When Master Hugh takes Douglass to a lawyer to When Master Hugh takes Douglass to a lawyer to protest his beating by the white apprentices, he protest his beating by the white apprentices, he learns that he has no recourse. He states regarding learns that he has no recourse. He states regarding the unfairness of the Lynch law:the unfairness of the Lynch law:
““He could issue no warrant on my word. He could issue no warrant on my word. If I had been killed in the presence of a If I had been killed in the presence of a thousand colored people, their thousand colored people, their testimony combined would have been testimony combined would have been insufficient to have arrested one of the insufficient to have arrested one of the murderers.” murderers.” p. 58p. 58
WitnessWitnessWitnessWitness““Mr. Gore, then without consultation Mr. Gore, then without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no in an instant poor Demby was no more. . . . more. . . . A thrill of horror flashed A thrill of horror flashed through every soul upon the through every soul upon the plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” p. p. 1414
““Mr. Gore, then without consultation Mr. Gore, then without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no in an instant poor Demby was no more. . . . more. . . . A thrill of horror flashed A thrill of horror flashed through every soul upon the through every soul upon the plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” p. p. 1414
WitnessWitnessWitnessWitness““Mr. Gore, then without consultation Mr. Gore, then without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no in an instant poor Demby was no more. . . . more. . . . A thrill of horror flashed A thrill of horror flashed through every soul upon the through every soul upon the plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” p. p. 1414
““Mr. Gore, then without consultation Mr. Gore, then without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no in an instant poor Demby was no more. . . . more. . . . A thrill of horror flashed A thrill of horror flashed through every soul upon the through every soul upon the plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” plantation, excepting Mr. Gore.” p. p. 1414
Quoting other Quoting other AuthoritiesAuthoritiesQuoting other Quoting other AuthoritiesAuthorities
““In this same book [In this same book [The Columbian The Columbian OratorOrator] I met with one of Sheridan’s ] I met with one of Sheridan’s mighty speeches on and in behalf of mighty speeches on and in behalf of Catholic emancipation.” Catholic emancipation.” p. p. 2424
““In this same book [In this same book [The Columbian The Columbian OratorOrator] I met with one of Sheridan’s ] I met with one of Sheridan’s mighty speeches on and in behalf of mighty speeches on and in behalf of Catholic emancipation.” Catholic emancipation.” p. p. 2424
ProverbsProverbsProverbsProverbs
““In justification of the bloody deed In justification of the bloody deed [whipping a slave], he would quote [whipping a slave], he would quote this passage of Scripture -- this passage of Scripture -- ‘He that ‘He that knoweth his master’s will, and doeth knoweth his master’s will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many it not, shall be beaten with many stripes.’” stripes.’” p. 32p. 32
““In justification of the bloody deed In justification of the bloody deed [whipping a slave], he would quote [whipping a slave], he would quote this passage of Scripture -- this passage of Scripture -- ‘He that ‘He that knoweth his master’s will, and doeth knoweth his master’s will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many it not, shall be beaten with many stripes.’” stripes.’” p. 32p. 32
Combination of Combination of AppealsAppeals
Combination of Combination of AppealsAppeals
