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What is imperialism?
a.When stronger nations try to control weaker nations.
b.US needed to start if it was going to keep up
1st Goal:Military Strength
-Admiral Alfred T. Mahan (1840-1914)
-Wrote: Influence of Sea Power on History
strong military needed to be = to the rest of the world
-By 1890, the US had the 3rd largest navy.
2nd Goal:New Markets
Needed more places to sell goods we made in US
Commercial/Business Interest
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
3rd Goal: Global Competition
- Losing race with Europe.
-What color is the US on this map?
What do you notice about the amount of land vs. other countries
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
American Foreign Trade:1870-1914
American Foreign Trade:1870-1914
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
1. Many Americans believed in Social Darwinism.
a. Belief in “superior” and “inferior” races.
A. Alaska1. 1867, William
Seward (Sec of State) bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.
2. Criticized: Seward’s Folly
3. 1959:Alaska=state
B. Hawaii1. Since 1790s, US stopped there on their way to Asia.
2. 1820s, missionaries
founded schools on the islands.
3. Started Sugar/Fruit plantations.
4. Needed Protection: 1887 Pearl Harbor
US Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Business could US Business could send sugar to US with send sugar to US with no extra taxes until no extra taxes until 1890.1890.
McKinley Tariff 1890, McKinley Tariff 1890, made US sugar made US sugar farmers pay a tax, farmers pay a tax, profit went downprofit went down
Decided to try to Decided to try to make Hawaii part of make Hawaii part of USUS
Queen Lil did not want to Queen Lil did not want to give Hawaii upgive Hawaii up-US business attacked-US business attacked
New government under S. New government under S. DoleDole
-President Cleveland did -President Cleveland did not honor illegal military not honor illegal military actionaction
In 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory.
President McKinley did not stop
In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state. Hawaii for the
Hawaiians!
U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
How prepared was the US for war?
How prepared was the US for war?
Cubans rebel• Americans want Cuba• Good farmland, close• Spanish won’t give up
Cubans revolt: • Jose Marti: 1895
Led Guerilla War US: most support. See a
connection with our past
Spain does not want to lose Cuba
Send “The Butcher:” Valeriano Weyler• Prison camps• US angry at Spain
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
Newspaper tells story War for customers:
• Pulitzer vs. Hearst• Yellow Journalism
Create Headlines that were not true to get readers
• “You furnish the pictures, I will furnish the war!”
De Lome Letter 1898 NY times
Publish letter• Said McKinley was
weak
Maine Explodes: • No one knows why• Blame falls on Spain
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
War1898First battle in PhilippinesGeorge Dewey commander
Supported by Philippines on the land lead by Emilio Aguinaldo
Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!
Naval battle in Cuba:• US Adm. Sampson
fought Spanish Navy
Cuban Campaign on land• Army
Not prepared for war yet
125000 men Not trained, armed,
or supplied well Disease rampant
(bad)
1898 17000 troops Rough Riders:Kettle
Hill Charge and San Juan most famous charges.
After Cuba, invaded Puerto Rico• We were welcomed
there, little to no fighting
• Treaty of Paris August 12, armistice Splendid Little War
Result of War: • Spain lost Cuba,
Guam, and Puerto Rico• US paid Spain 20
million • Debate over Treaty
Did the Constitution follow the flag?
What would we do?
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
Great Great administrator.administrator.
Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”
10.3 Acquiring Land
What would we do with land after war?• Should PR become a
state? • Military Rule 1st
General Miles in charge
• We needed PR for defense
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGiEOfo2E7E#t=56
1900 Pass Foraker Act: civilian gov.
1901 Insular Cases We will not grant full
freedom to all of our new lands
1917 Puerto Ricans given Citz
1898 US said Cuba free from Spain
Teller Amendment: US not take over Cuba
Post war:
Marti feared US would be new Spain
US did stay, but helped out with new schools, hospitals, meds, ended yellow fever
Cuban Constitution 1901• Platt: Did not give them full
freedom (see vocab)
Cubans mad, and marched on US Gov. Woods house,
Cuba was a protectorate now
Philippines: Treaty: US took over
Philippines
1899 rebel under Aguinaldo
US = torture/concentration camps
3 yrs
20,000 Filipinos, 4,000 US
400 million dollars
African American soldiers
New Democratic gov.
1899 Sec. of State John Hays issued Open Door Notes
“Lets Share China.”
Why? Chinese being mistreated
1000s of Chinese died
Hays issued 2nd Open Door
US would stop any future problems
Imperialism divides America
small group called “Anti Imperialists” spoke up
1900 election: McKinley vs. Bryan (I) (AI)
Winner makes policy!
Teddy and world
1901: TR pres when McKinley shot
1904 Russia and Japan at war
•Portsmouth Treaty TR wins Nobel Peace Prize
• caused bad feelings, will lead to WWII
Panama Canal:
we needed a Canal connecting A and P
Permission to build: 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Where?
Bunau-Varilla sells us French land in Panama
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uPCQy32tGg
1 problem: Columbia controlled Panama,
TR and Bunau-Varilla “arranged” a revolution against Columbia
Gunboat Diplomacy!
Building:• Disease, soft soil,
hard to get good workers
• 43,400 employed at one time!
• August 1914 Open for Business
Good for US business,
Latin America worried: Would they be next?
1904 Roosevelt Corollary
Restates Monroe Doctrine
Threatens other countries
Gunboat diplomacy
Taft lent money to countries in trouble
better if we helped them grow, rather than threaten
Missionary Diplomacy• help countries that had
good moral governments (Treated their people well)
Wanted more countries to be Democratic
Mexico put him to the test
Mexico had a dictator for many years: Diaz
Friendly to US, but not to his own people
1911 poor in Mexico led by Madero revolted and won, but only lasted a couple of years
1913 new president: Huerta. Wilson did not like him, so he did not recognize him as the leader
Tampico: 1914 US sailors arrested but let go quickly
Wilson sends Marines to Mexico
We almost went to war
ABC powers stopped war, got rid of Huerta
New president: Carranza, Wilson OK with this, but not the Mexican people
Pancho Villa and Zapata not agree with Carranza and wanted him out
Villa attacked US miners on way to Mexico, and invaded New Mexico killing US citizens
Wilson has to send US army under Pershing to chase
Carranza not like US troops in Mexico so his army and US clash
Just about to go to war and WWI breaks out
