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What is…. Discourse Analysis?What is…. Discourse Analysis?
Charles AntakiCharles AntakiLoughborough UniversityLoughborough University
19 slides1 table
Some data
WhyWhy analyse discourse? analyse discourse?
Many (all?) things happen primarily (only?) in language
From (say) promising to come to dinnerTo (say) defining marriage
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Two definitions of ‘discourse’Two definitions of ‘discourse’
(a) A set of terms, metaphors, allusions, ways of talking, references and so on, which constitute an object
(b) Exchange in talk (or text) that performs social actions
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How do you How do you analyseanalyse discourse? discourse?
Various ways. Depends on whether you’re interested in...
Discourse that constitutes an object .. orDiscourse that realises a social action
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First: Discourse that Discourse that constitutes an objectconstitutes an object
Usually some cultural object (marriage, crime, obesity etc)
Data:Media texts (e.g. news reports, magazine articles, newspaper features)Personal accounts (e.g. in interviews, diaries)
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ENGLAND’S next clash will be against a nation of GUINEA PIG eaters.We avoided a showdown with old enemy Germany — for now — and will play Ecuador on Sunday.
Here’s your Sun guide to the South American team’s dangermen — plus a few facts about the country where their national dish is a roasted pet.
It would be easy to underestimate them. But Ecuador beat mighty Brazil and Argentina in the South American qualifying rounds.
[continues]
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ENGLAND’S next clash will be against a nation of GUINEA PIG eaters.We avoided a showdown with old enemy Germany — for now — and will play Ecuador on Sunday.
Here’s your Sun guide to the South American team’s dangermen — plus a few facts about the country where their national dish is a roasted pet.
The whole nation?
Nothing else?
Why “old enemy”?
Facts?
Whose pet?
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Ecuador’s capital Quito is 9,300ft above sea level, giving their footballers a home advantage when they play in the thin air.
They were a Spanish colony until they seized their independence in 1822. Out of a population of 14 million, 3,000 Ecuador fans are in Germany. Football is the No1 sport but they also love basketball and bullfights.
The main exports are coffee and bananas.
The language is Spanish. But let’s hope their fans get no chance to shout Olé against England in Stuttgart on Sunday.
Other facts not chosen?
Inevitable Spanish-speaker behaviour?
Who’s ‘us’?
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PRESIDENT BUSH sought to repair his tattered reputation in Europe yesterday, talking of his “deep desire” to close the Guantanamo Bay prison camp and conceding that his response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks had not been understood by much of the continent.
Assumes it is tattered
Compare expressing his deep desire
Assumes (someone) has made an accusation
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2. Discourse 2. Discourse accomplishing actions in accomplishing actions in interactioninteraction
Data:Video or audiotape recordings
People speak in a sequence, in turns.
Each turn has an implication for the next.
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An example of analysing language-in-interaction:
How do care-staff offer choices to people with intellectual impairments?
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Discourse Analysis - Some general worries Discourse Analysis - Some general worries & objections& objections
Is it useful?
- reveals how objects get constituted & unmasks the interests that it serves (and perhaps could be resisted)
- shows how mundane interaction achieves its business (and perhaps could be improved)
It’s not quantitative, so is it ‘subjective’?- not particularly; argument still has to convince readers, editors etc., by appeal to established findings & theory
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Two reasons why you Two reasons why you shouldn’tshouldn’t do do Discourse AnalysisDiscourse Analysis
You’ll be in danger of over-interpreting the data or merely describing it
You won’t be able to say that X caused Y