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DIABETESDiabetes is a chronic condition for which there is no cure
The body does not make or properly use insulin, a hormone needed to convert food into energy (glucose).
Insulin serves two purposes - it unlocks cells to allow blood glucose to enter AND it turns off the production of excess glucose produced by the liver
TWO TYPES OF DIABETES
Type I - an auto-immune disease; beta cells of the pancreas are damaged and do not produce insulin or not enough insulin
Type II - the body is unable to use the insulin produced; insulin is not able to unlock the cells to allow the blood sugar to enter and be used for energy. Over time insulin production may stop.
IF YOU HAVE DIABETES
blood sugar builds up in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia) and ultimately some of it gets secreted into the urine and the body loses its energy source
Untreated levels of blood sugar can damage blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves and lead to serious health complications
DIABETES
The result in both Type I and Type II is high levels of blood sugar (hyperglycemia)causing increased thirst and urination, hunger, fatigue, weight loss, nausea, and blurred vision
DIABETES
Treatment involves a balance of diet, exercise, and medication
Insulin is used to treat hyperglycemia in Type I and some Type II diabetics
Effective Management
is crucial for the safety of the student
for the long-term health of the student
to ensure the student is ready to learn and fully participate
to avoid a medical emergency
HYPOGLYCEMIA
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is the most urgent and most frequent complication of diabetes
Blood sugar can drop as a result of not enough food, too much insulin, too much exercise or any combination
Hypoglycemia
symptoms may include feeling shaky, sweaty, hungry, tired, dizzy, confused, weak, headache, irritable
if not treated immediately, can lead to more severe symptoms of unconsciousness and seizures
HYPOGLYCEMIA
• A student should NEVER BE LEFT ALONE if he/she FEELS HIS/HER BLOOD SUGAR IS LOW
• have the student escorted to the nurse’s office
Treatment for Hypoglycemia
if blood sugar is below 70 or if student feels his/her blood sugar is low give a fast acting sugar such as, 4 glucose tabs, 4 ounces of juice or regular soda, 7 life savers, 15 Skittles, 10 sweet tarts, 4 tsp. sugar
NOT chocolate or a candy bar
have student escorted to the nurse’s office
BASIC CARE AT SCHOOL
Goal - is to maintain a target blood sugar generally 80-120
This is accomplished by regular blood sugar monitoring and giving assistance in an emergency
BASIC CARE AT SCHOOL
follow the student’s IEP, 504, Emergency Plan
allow student to check blood sugar before lunch, before activity, before dismissal, and anytime the student feels the need
allow the student to go to the nurse as needed
allow snack and water as needed
allow to use bathroom as needed
HYPERGLYCEMIA
is the result of too much food, too little insulin, or too little exercise
the body is under stress such as illness
this is less of a concern in school as complications from it are not immediate
symptoms include extreme thirst, frequent urination, drowsiness, nausea
HYPERGLYCEMIA
treatment is a dose of insulin
sugar free fluids can also be helpful if insulin is not available or it is too soon for another dose of insulin
NO NEED TO PANIC
diabetics usually can feel when their blood sugar is high or low
generally, the student will tell you when he/she needs to check his/her blood sugar
If a student feels his/her blood sugar is low, offer/suggest a fast acting sugar and send to the nurse with a buddy