What is Alcohol2012AAlisherMDPhD

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What is Alcohol? Dr. Alisher Agzamov

MD PhD





What is Alcohol?

• Alcohol is a common term for ethanol,

a compound produced when glucose

is fermented by yeast.





What is Alcohol? • The alcohol content of a particular

drink is controlled by the amount of

yeast and length of fermentation.





What is Alcohol? • Fruit is used to make wine and cider,

while cereals such as barley and rye

form the basis of beer and spirits.



What is Alcohol? • Alcohol is a drug that has the

immediate effect of altering mood.



What is Alcohol? • Drinking it makes people feel relaxed,

happy and even euphoric, but in fact

alcohol is a depressant.



What is Alcohol? • It switches off the part of the brain

that controls judgement, leading to

loss of inhibitions.



What is Alcohol? • Drinking even small amounts of

alcohol can affect physical

coordination.



What is Alcohol? • The liver breaks down and eliminates

alcohol from the body. It takes the

liver about one hour to deal with one

unit of alcohol (8g).





Benefits of Alcohol

• Alcohol consumed in moderation is

thought to help reduce the risk of

heart disease.



Benefits of Alcohol • Indeed, alcohol consumption in

conjunction with high intakes of fruit

and vegetables may well explain the

so-called 'French paradox'.



Benefits of Alcohol • The French diet is considered to be

very high in fat, especially saturated

fat, yet the death rate from coronary

heart disease (CHD) remainsrelatively low.



Benefits of Alcohol • A research study published in 1992

suggested that the low death rates

from CHD could be due to the

relatively high consumption of wine inFrance.



Benefits of Alcohol • A similar pattern of diet and alcohol

consumption has also been found in

other south European countrieswhere heart disease rates are also

lower compared with other parts of the world.



Benefits of Alcohol • These observations prompted a long

series of research studies analysing

the relationship between wine and

CHD.



Benefits of Alcohol • It's still not entirely clear how alcohol

reduces your risk of CHD, but it's now

known a large proportion of the riskreduction is due to moderate alcoholintake raising 'good' cholesterol

concentrations in the blood, soreducing the risk of blood clots.



Benefits of Alcohol • Red wine, in particular, also contains

flavonoids that act as antioxidants,

which help to reduce the build up of atherosclerosis (when fat builds up on

the inner walls of arteries).



Benefits of Alcohol • Red wine seems to help maintain the

flexibility of the blood vessel walls.



Risks of Alcohol

• Drinking too much alcohol will notonly leave you with a hangover the

next day, but binge drinking and/or drinking more than the recommendedintake on a regular basis can also

cause long-term damage to thebody's internal organs.



Risks of Alcohol

• Chronic alcohol use is one of the

major causes of liver cirrhosis

(irreversible scarring of the liver).

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/emotional_health/addictions/typesaddiction_alcohol.shtml






Risks of Alcohol

• This happens because healthy liver

cells die and the dead cells are

replaced by fibrous tissue.



Risks of Alcohol

• The liver plays a central role in many

essential body functions including the

metabolism of carbohydrates,proteins and fats, detoxification and

excretion of waste products from thebody.



Risks of Alcohol

• Scarred tissue cannot function like

healthy tissue so this condition can

be life threatening if not treated early

enough.



Risks of Alcohol

• Stomach ulcers and gastrointestinal

complications, as well as fertility

problems, weight gain, and depletionof certain vitamins and minerals can

all be caused by excessive alcoholconsumption.





Risks of Alcohol • Binge drinking can also increase

blood pressure, a risk factor for heart

attacks.






Risks of Alcohol • A binge-drinking patterns in Europe at

the weekends led to higher ABP

levels, and

• A higher incidence of heart attacks on

Mondays and Tuesdays.



Risks of Alcohol • ABP levels in US, UK, Ca, Ch, In, Ja,

German and French drinkers were

constant throughout the week,

• Reflecting their moderate drinking

patterns.



Risks of Alcohol • A 2011 World Cancer Research Fund

report showed alcohol increases the risk of cancers of the:

•

Mouth,• Pharynx,

• Larynx,

•

Oesophagus,• Colon (especially in men) and

• Breast.

http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/







Risks of Alcohol • If you're worried about the negative

effects of alcohol, either on yourself

or on behalf of someoneelse, Alcohol Concern offers an

excellent service.

http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/

http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/



Recommended alcohol intake

• Moderation is the key.

• The recommendation is no more than

two to three units of alcohol a day for

WOMEN;





Recommended alcohol intake • Three to four units for MEN;

• With at least two or three alcohol-free

days each week.

Wh t' it?



What's a unit?

• One unit is considered to be 8g of

alcohol, or equivalent to:



What's a unit? • Half a pint of standard strength (3.5%

AVB) beer, cider or lager;



What's a unit? • A pub measure of spirit:

• Half a standard glass (175ml) of wine;

• A pub measure of sherry, vermouth or

liqueur;



What's a unit? • It's important to remember units differ

according to the:



What's a unit? • Size of your drink - pubs often serve

wine in different-sized glasses, andhome measures of spirits are often

more generous than a pub measure;



What's a unit? • Varying alcohol content of different

• Beers

• Wines

• Spirits



What's a unit? • The size and strength of your drink

determines how many units of alcoholyou consume.



What's a unit? • To calculate how many units you've

consumed, establish the strength of

the drink (% ABV) and amount of liquid in millilitres (one pint is 568ml; a

standard glass of wine is 175ml).



What's a unit? • Multiply the amount of drink in

millilitres by the percentage ABV, thendivide by 1,000.



What's a unit? • For example, 175ml wine at 13%

ABV:

• 175 X 13/1000 = 2.3 units



What's a unit? • To make matters easier, many

manufacturers state how many unitsof alcohol each can or bottle contains.

N t iti l l f



Nutritional value of

Alcohol • Each gram of alcohol contains 7

calories.

N t iti l l f Al h l



Nutritional value of Alcohol

• If you're watching your waistline,

cutting down on alcohol will help toreduce calorie intake.





• Alcohol can also weaken your

willpower, tempting you to eat morethan you planned.





• The energy provided by an alcoholic

drink depends on the percentage of

alcohol it contains, but also on thetype of drink it is.





• For example, a creamy liqueur will

have more calories than a clear liqueur.

• As a rough guide:




• A pint of continental lager is about

215 calories;




• A measure of spirit contains around

55 calories, but this doesn't includecalories from the mixer - try to choose

low-calorie options;




• A standard glass of dry white wine or

• Red wine is about 115 calories, and

• Sweet wine is about 165 calories;




• A creamy liqueur contains around 163

calories per 50ml serving;




• While the same amount of sherry or

port contains around 60 calories aglass.

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What is Alcohol2012AAlisherMDPhD