WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

A SENTENCE IS A GROUP OF WORDS THAT EXPRESSES A COMPLETE THOUGHT. IT

IS MADE OF TWO PARTS.

WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS OF A SENTENCE?

PARTS OF SENTENCE

• SUBJECT – WHOM OR WHAT A SENTENCE IS ABOUT.

• PREDICATE – TELLS SOMETHING ABOUT THE SUBJECT AND CONTAINS THE VERB.

A __________________________ is…

a group of words that express a complete ____________. It has two parts; a _______________ and a _______________.

A ___________________ tells whom or what the sentence is about.

The ____________________ tells something about the _______________.

Hmmmm…. A THOUGHT….

to have a conscious mind, to some extent of reasoning, remembering experiences, making rational decisions, etc.

to employ one's mind rationally and objectively in evaluating or dealing with a given situation: Think

TO THINK…

THINK OF A SENTENCE….IS IT A COMPLETE

THOUGHT?

COMPLETE VS. SIMPLESUBJECTS

• SIMPLE SUBJECT – THE MAIN WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE.

• EXAMPLE: THE BOY WITH THE RED SHOES WAS LATE FOR CLASS.

• COMPLETE SUBJECT – THE SIMPLE SUBJECT, PLUS ITS MODIFIERS.

EXAMPLE: THE BOY WITH THE RED SHOES WAS LATE FOR CLASS.

COMPLETE VS. SIMPLEPREDICATES

• Simple Predicate

The simple predicate is the VERB in the complete predicate.

• The Complete Predicate

The complete predicate is easy to locate once you know what the complete subject is. It's everything in the sentence that the complete subject isn't.

Example: My best friend in my class walked to my house after school. Walked to my house after school is the complete predicate. WALKED is the simple predicate.

COMPLETE SENTENCES

KINDS OF SENTENCES…DO YOU KNOW THEM???

1.DECLARATIVE

2.INTERROGATIVE

3.EXCLAMATORY

4.IMPERATIVE

DECLARATIVE SENTENCES

A DECLARATIVE SENTENCE MAKES A STATEMENT. A

DECLARATIVE SENTENCE ENDS WITH A PERIOD.

INTERROGATIVESENTENCE

AN INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE ASKS A

QUESTION. AN INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE ENDS WITH A QUESTION

MARK.

EXCLAMATORYSENTENCE

A EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE SHOWS

STRONG FEELING. AN EXCLAMATORY

SENTENCE ENDS WITH AN EXCLAMATION

POINT.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

AN IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

GIVES A COMMAND.

THE FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCES

CLAUSES!!!

WHAT’S A CLAUSE?

A clause is a group of words that contains a

subject and a verb. There are two major types:

independent clauses and dependent clauses.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

An independent clause expresses a complete thought

and can stand alone as a sentence. It begins with a capital letter and ends with

punctuation such as a period.

Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his

chemistry quiz.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES(ALSO CALLED SUBORDINATE CLAUSES)

A dependent clause is a group of words that may contain a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence.

Example: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz .

(What happened when he studied?

The thought is incomplete.)

A dependent clauses are usually introduced with one of the

following words…

because

when

while

if

that

after

although

sinceuntil

A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause to make

a complete thought.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES(ALSO CALLED SUBORDINATE CLAUSES)

whoso

PHRASES

• A PHRASE IS A GROUP OF WORDS WHICH ACTS AS A SINGLE PART OF SPEECH. IT DOES NOT CONTAIN A SUBJECT OR A PREDICATE.

Examples:

• between ignorance and intelligence

• into thousands of pieces

• on a wire

SENTENCES VIDEO

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWrn8WlrpQs

SIMPLE, COMPOUND &

COMPLEX SENTENCES!!!

SIMPLE SENTENCES

A SIMPLE SENTENCE CONTAINS ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND NO

DEPENDENT CLAUSES.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES HAS ONLY A SINGLE

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE?

A. Shawn tutors.

B. Barb teaches young children acrobatics after school.

ANSWER: BOTH A & B ARE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES!!!

DEPENDENTCLAUSES

COMPOUND SENTENCES

A COMPOUND SENTENCE CONTAINS TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND NO

DEPENDENT CLAUSE. The clauses must be closely related in thought. Independent clauses can be joined by a comma and a

coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.

DEPENDENTCLAUSES

CD = IC + IC (OR MORE +IC)

COMPOUND SENTENCE EXAMPLES

• Some students like to study in the morning, and some students like to study at night.)

• Marvin waited for the train, but the train was late. • I do not like apples, nor do I enjoy bananas. • English is a gruesome language, yet a toddler can speak

it. • I couldn't find a hammer, so I banged the nail in with my

head. • Study hard for the test, for Dr. Turner will torture you if

you don't. • You can play squash, or you can sign up for fitness.

WHAT’S A COORDINATINGCONJUNCTION???

Independent clauses can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction

or by a semicolon.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONNECT WORDS OR GROUPS OF WORDS – REMEMBER FANBOYS!!!

FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

Insects and crustaceans have eyes with many lenses.and - connects ideas

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A COMPLEX SENTENCE CONTAINS ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND ONE OR

MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES.

because

when

while

if

that

after

although

sinceuntil whoso

CS = IC +DC + DC (OR MORE +DC)DO YOU REMEMBER WHAT WORDS BEGIN DEPENDENT CLAUSES???

THE DEPENDENT CLAUSES MIGHT TELL WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENED, WHICH PERSON WAS INVOLVEDOR WHERE THE EVENT TOOK PLACE.

COMPLEX SENTENCE EXAMPLES

• After Mio eats breakfast, she goes to work.

• While Mio reads a book, she listens to the music.

• Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained by the government, it fell down

• He'll be able to maintain a healthy weight if he keeps exercising.

COMPOUND -COMPLEX SENTENCE EXAMPLES

• Example: The first and only president of the Congress of the Confederation, which managed the first U.S. government, was John Hanson, and he was elected by the Congress in 1781.

Bold = INDEPENDENT

Italicized= DEPENDENT/SUBORDINATE

All rights go to Holt Handbook A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (which can also be called subordinate clause) is referred to as a complex-compound sentence. Sometimes also called a compound-complex sentence.

Example•

The dog lived in the backyard, but the cat, who knew he was superior, lived inside the house.Independent clauses: The dog lived in the backyard.

• The cat lived inside the house.•

Dependent clause: who knew he was superior•

A compound-complex sentence is a compound and complex sentence joined together. Pretty self-explanatory, right? Here's an example:

Jenny ended up talented and she had many good traits because she was on the debate team, which was quite an honor.

COMPOUND - COMPLEX SENTENCES

A COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE CONTAINS TWO OR MORE

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND ONE OR MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES.

CCS = IC + IC + (OR MORE +IC +

DC + DC (OR MORE +DC)

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES

• Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.

• independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"• independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"• dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... " •  We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children,

who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong. • independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too

violent" • independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we were

wrong"• dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies

READ THIS!!!WHAT’S WRONG HERE????

I went to sleep with gum in my mouth and now there’s gum in my hair and when I got out of bed this morning I tripped on the

skateboard and by mistake I dropped by sweater in the sink while the water was running and I could tell it was going to be a

terrible horrible no good very bad day at breakfast Anthony found a Corvette Sting Ray car kit in his breakfast cereal box

and Nick found a Junior Undercover Agent code ring in his breakfast cereal box but in my breakfast cereal box all I found

was breakfast cereal I think I’ll move to Australia in the car pool Mrs. Gibson let Becky have a seat by the window Audrey and

Elliot got seats by the window too I said I was being scrunched I said I was being smushed I said if I don’t get a seat by the

window I am going to be carsick no one even answered I could tell it was going to be a terrible horrible no good very bad day.

From Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day by Judith Viorst

RUN-ONS AND

FRAGMENTS!!!

THE RUN-ON SENTENCEA RUN-ON SENTENCE IS TWO OR MORE SENTENCES WRITTEN AS IF THEY WERE A SINGLE SENTENCE.

WHEN YOU COMBINE TWO SENTENCES WITH A CONJUNCTION, USE A COMMA BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION.

DIFFICULTY FINDING A RUN-ON???

LOOK FOR THE SUBJECT AND

PREDICATE. ARE THERE TOO MANY?

MAYBE IT’S A RUN-ON!

READ YOUR WORK OUT LOUD. PAY ATTENTION WHERE YOU NEED TO TAKE A BREATH. YOU

MIGHT NEED PUNCTUATION THERE!!

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

• A SENTENCE FRAGMENT IS PART OF A SENTENCE THAT IS WRITTEN AS IF IT WERE A COMPLETE SENTENCE. A SENTENCE FRAGMENT IS MISSING A SUBJECT, PREDICATE OR BOTH.

• EXAMPLE:– Fish in the sea. (missing a predicate)– Love to eat fish. (missing a subject)– Without much food (missing both)

_________ FRAGMENTS

• A ___________________ IS PART OF A SENTENCE THAT IS WRITTEN AS IF IT WERE A __________________. A SENTENCE _____________IS MISSING A ______________________ OR BOTH.

• EXAMPLE:– Fish in the sea. (missing a ___________)– Love to eat fish. (missing a ___________)– Without much food (missing ________)

THE END OF SENTENCES

NOW IT’S TIME TO CREATE STRONG PARAGRAPHS!!!!