Grammar Sequence.notebook March 19, 2012 - East …€¦ · · 2012-03-26An independent clause expresses a complete thought. An independent clause, also known as a simple sentence,

GrammarSequence.notebook

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THEPARTSOFSPEECH:"Partsofspeech"isreallyjusttheterminologyweusetoidentifyaword'sFUNCTIONorROLEinasentence.

Youhavetomemorizethetermsifyouhaveanyhopeofunderstandingthepartsofspeechandidentifyingtheminsentences.

Doyouknowthepartsofspeech?


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Understandinghowwordsinteractinasentencewillmakeyouabetter

writer.


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thing

kindofboard

linksboardwithawesometool

describestool

thingthatidentifiesboard

wheretheboardisused

actionaction

place

anidea

identifieswhichboard

Understandinghowwordsinteractinasentencewillmakeyouabetter

writer.

article

noun article adjective verbadjectivenounverb

prep. articlenoun verbnoun


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Everyone

Those

Anybody

Some

This

NoneFew

Who


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ActionVerbs

HelpingVerbsAm Could ShaltIs Should WillAre WouldWas CanWere HasBeing HadBe HaveBeen Shall

LinkingVerbsIsAreWasWereLookSeemBecame

Link a subject with a

description

Help action verbs


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Prepositions


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ReviewingPartsofSpeechBreaktheSentenceDown...

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thisiswhysomepeopleappearbrightuntilyouhearthemspeak.

Weneverreallygrowupweonlylearnhowtoactinpublic.

Knowledgeisknowingatomatoisafruit.Wisdomisnotputtingitinafruitsalad.

Eveningnewsiswheretheybeginwith'GoodEvening,'andthenproceedtotellyouwhyitisn'tagoodevening.


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ReviewingPartsofSpeech

IthoughtIwantedanawesomecareer.ItturnsoutIjustwantedawesomepaychecks.

WheneverIfilloutanapplication,inthepartthatsays,'Incaseofemergency,notify:'Iput'aDOCTOR.'

You'renevertoooldtolearnsomethingstupid.

Moneycan'tbuyhappiness,butitsuremakeslifebetterwhenyouaremiserable.


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Reviewing Prepositions


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ListofPrepositions:aboard about above across after against along

alongside at besides except during down following

amid amidst among amongst around as aside

atop barring before behind below beneath beside

between beyond but by circa concerning despitefor from in inside into like minus

near next of off on onto opposite

out outside over past per plus regarding

save since than through throughout till times

to toward towards under underneath unlike until up

upon versus via with within without worth


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Prepositions:

Wejoggedacrossthefield.

Thehousebytheschoolisvacant.

Theteacherstrolledintotheclassroomafterlunch.

Pull

Pull


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Asalesrep,anadministrationclerk,andthemanagerarewalkingtolunch

whentheyfindanantiqueoillamp.TheyrubitandaGeniecomesout.

TheGeniesays,IllgiveeachofyoujustonewishMefirst!Mefirst!

saystheadministrationclerk.IwanttobeintheBahamas,drivinga

speedboat,withoutacareintheworld.Poof!Shesgone.Menext!Me

next!saysthesalesrep.IwanttobeinHawaii,relaxingonthebeach

withmypersonalmasseuse,anendlesssupplyofPinaColadasandthe

loveofmylife.Poof!Hesgone.OK,youreup,theGeniesays

tothemanager.Themanagersays,Iwantthosetwobackintheoffice

afterlunch.

Moralofthestory:Alwaysletyourbosshavethefirstsay.


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WHERE(acrossthefield)WHEN(afterlunch)WHICHONE(bytheschool)

Prepositions


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The first person to write down 20 prepositions is a winner!

1.Don'trelymetoremindyou.2.Iagreedtheteacherforonce.3.Myshoesaresimilaryours.4.Iwasreallyashamedmyself.5.There'snopointinbeingannoyedme.6.Davewassufferingareallybadheadache.7.Don'tgo!Pleasewaitme.8.Thedogjumpedthegatetobiteme!


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PartsofSpeechTriangle

n.n.v.

adj.n.v.adj.n.adv.v.

adj.n.adv.v.prep.n. ReindeerReindeersprint.

Speedyreindeersprint.Speedyreindeeroftensprint.

Speedyreindeeroftensprintinsnow.


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CoordinatingConjunctionsF or

A nd

N or

B ut

O r

Y et

S o

Coordinatingconjunctionslinktwothings.

Let'sgoswimmingorhiking. SavannahandSierraaremychildren. Youarefriendlybutshy.

Coordinatingconjunctionscanalsolinkcompletethoughts.

Sheistired,sosheisstayinghome. Iwasthinkingaboutreading,butIcannotfindmybook.


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Conjunctions: coordinating subordinating

1.Whatdoesitmeantocoordinate?

2.Whatdoessubordinatemean?


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TermstoKnow:

1.Clause:

2.IndependentClause:

3.DependentClause:

4.CoordinatingConjunction:

5.SubordinatingConjunction:


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IgocampingIenjoyreading.


and

orwhen even thoughbut

after because


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Amanisgettingintotheshowerjustashiswifeisfinishinguphershower

whenthedoorbellrings.Thewifequicklywrapsherselfinatowelandruns

downstairs.Whensheopensthedoor,therestandsBob,thenextdoorneighbor.

Beforeshesaysaword,Bobsays,Illgiveyou$800todropthattowel.Aftershe

thinksforamoment,thewomandropshertowelandstandsnakedinfrontofBob.

Afterafewseconds,Bobhandsher$800dollarsandleaves.Thewomanwraps

backupinthetowelandgoesbackupstairs.Whenshegetstothebathroom,her

husbandasks,

Whowasthat?

ItwasBobthenextdoorneighbor,shereplies.

Great!thehusbandsays,Didhesayanythingaboutthe$800heowesme?


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SubordinatingConjunctions:Subordinating:

Clause:fancynameforagroupofwords

IndependentClause:acompletegroupofwords=sentence

DependentClause:agroupofwordsthatcan'tstandalone

IwillbeabletodriveIgetolder.

thecharacterfaceschallengessheovercomesthem.

youhelpmeIthinkIcandoit.

Iwillwaitwithyoumymompicksmeup.

when

Although

, ,


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Ablondehadjustgottenanewsportscarandwasoutforadrivewhensheaccidentallycutoffatruck

driver.Hemotionedforhertopulloversothathecouldteachheralesson.

Whenshedid,hegotoutofhistruckandpulledapieceofchalkfromhispocket.Hedrewacircleon

thesideoftheroadandgrufflycommandedtotheblonde,"StandinthatcircleandDON'TMOVE!".

Hethenwenttohercarandcutupherleatherseatssincesheobviouslycaredmoreaboutherselfthan

others'safety.Whenheturnedaroundshehadaslightgrinonherface,sohesaid,"Ohyouthinkthat's

funny?Watchthis!"Beforeshecouldreact,hegotabaseballbatoutofhistruckandbrokeevery

windowinhercar.Whenheturnedandlookedather,shestillhadasmileonherface.Hegrew

increasinglyangrybecauseshewasobviouslynotbotheredbyhisbehavior.So,hegothisknifeback

outandslicedallhertires.Shestartedlaughingashecontinuedtodestroyhercar.Whileshecontinuedto

laugh,hewentbacktohistruckandgotacanofgas,poureditonhercarandsetitonfire.Whenheturned

around,hesawshewaslaughingsohardshewasabouttofalldowneventhoughatthispointhercarwas

destroyed.

Althoughthetruckdriverwasfurious,heasked,"What'ssofunny?"

Theblondereplied,"Everytimeyouweren'tlooking,Isteppedoutsidethecircle!"


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TransitionalWordsalsocalledCONJUNCTIVEADVERBS

Iwantedtogohowever,Iwastoobusy.

Hereisalistofcommonconjunctiveadverbs.

accordingly,furthermore,moreover,similarly,also,hence,namely,still,anyway,however,nevertheless,then,besides,incidentally,thereafter, next,certainly,indeed,nonetheless,therefore,consequently,instead,now,thus,finally,likewise,otherwise,undoubtedly,further,meanwhile.

Asemicolonandacommaareusedtogetherwhenaconjunctiveadverbseparatestwomainclauses.

Thecheckwasformorethanthebalanceconsequently,itbounced.

Thesethingsreallyhappenedotherwise,Iwouldn'thaveclaimedtohaveseenthem.

Inthesesentences,theconjunctiveadverbmaylooklikeacoordinateconjunction(FANBOYS),butitisnotasstrongasacoordinateconjunction.Therefore,thesemicolonisusedtolinkthetwomainclauses,andthecommaisusedtosetofftheconjunctiveadverbfromitsmainclause.


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Asentenceisagroupofwords,madeupofasubjectandverb,whichisacompletethought.


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Whatarethecharacteristicsofaneffectivesentence?


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Somesentencestoconsider:

Thelazycarpetateafalseshovel.

WhenIdancewithmydog.

Yougoing.Ipromisingyou.

Itisinmyopinionthatbecauseofthefactthatitisniceoutside,itwouldmakealotofsenseifwe,allofus,couldgoorplayoutsideinthebackyard.

Becauseitisniceoutside,weshouldplayinthebackyard.

Weshouldenjoythisbeautifulweatherinthebackyard.


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Anindependentclauseexpressesacompletethought.

Anindependentclause,alsoknownasasimplesentence,containsasubjectandaverb.

Connectasubjectandapredicatetocreatesomesimplesentencesbelow.

MycousinMary

droppedthecakelostthegame

Daniel

sawanalienoutsideTheclassroomfullofchildrenisnoisy

Thelittlegirl

seemedsad

TheStructureofaSentence


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SomeexamplesofWORDINESSandREDUNDANCY:

1.Inthequote,itsays...ORThequotesays...

2.Writersusemanypoeticdevicestotalkaboutthings.Thetoneissad.Thetoneisconveyedthroughtheuseofpoeticdevices,assaidinthequote.Twopoeticdevicesusedinthesongarefigurativelanguageandpersonification.Anexampleofthepoeticdeviceoffigurativelanguageisthe"clownshavegonetobed."

Thesadtonein"TheWindCriesMary"iscreatedthroughfigurativelanguageandpersonification.Forexample,Hendrixexplainsthe"clownshavegonetobed."Here,theuseoffigurativelanguagehelps...

3.Thereareemotionsinthesongthroughmanypoeticdevices.Feelingsareexpressedandtherearemanyexamplesofthis.Therearetwoexamplesofpoeticdevices.Anexampleofthisispersonification.


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EliminatingWordinessExercise1Revisethesesentencestostatetheirmeaninginfewerwords.Avoidpassivevoice(whenthesubjectisnotdoinganaction),needlessrepetition,andwordyphrasesandclauses.Thefirstsentencehasbeendoneasanexample.

1.ItisinmyopinionthatmostlikelymanylocalfarmersplantoattendnextFriday'smeeting.

2.AlthoughBradleyHallisregularlypopulatedbystudents,closestudyofthebuildingasastructureisseldomundertakenbythem.

3.Hedroppedoutofschoolonaccountofthefactthatitwasnecessaryforhimtohelpsupporthisfamily.

4.Itisexpectedthatthenewschedulewillbeannouncedbythebuscompanywithinthenextfewdays.

5.Therearemanywaysinwhichastudentwhoisinterestedinmeetingforeignstudentsmaycometoknowone.

6.Itisveryunusualtofindsomeonewhohasnevertoldadeliberatelieonpurpose.6.Rarelywillyoufindsomeonewhohasnevertoldadeliberatelie.

1.ManylocalfarmersplantoattendnextFriday'smeeting.

2.BradleyHallisusuallyfilledwithstudentswhodonotstudythebuildingasastructure.

3.Hedroppedoutofschooltosupporthisfamily.

4.Thebuscompanywillprobablyannounceitsscheduleduringthenextfewdays.

5.Anystudentwhowantstomeetforeignstudentscandosoinmanyways.


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EliminatingWordiness


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1.Troubleiscausedwhenpeopledisobeyrulesthathavebeenestablishedforthesafetyofall.

2.Acampusrallywasattendedbymorethanathousandstudents.Fivestudentswerearrestedbycampuspolicefordisorderlyconduct,whileseveralothersarechargedbycampusadministratorswithorganizingapublicmeetingwithoutbeingissuedapermittodoso.

3.Thesubjectsthatareconsideredmostimportantbystudentsarethosethathavebeenshowntobeusefultothemaftergraduation.

4.Inthenottoodistantfuture,collegefreshmenmustallbecomeawareofthefactthatthereisaneedforthemtomakecontactwithanacademicadviserconcerningthematterofamajor.

5.Inourcompanytherearewideopenopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthwithacompanythatenjoysanenviablerecordforstabilityinthedynamicatmosphereofaerospacetechnology.

6.Somepeoplebelieveincapitalpunishment,whileotherpeopleareagainstittherearemanyopinionsonthissubject.

Therearepeoplewhoareforandpeoplewhoareagainstcapitalpunishment.

Disobeyingsafetyregulationscausestrouble.

Fiveoutofmorethanathousandstudentsatacampusrallywerearrestedfordisorderlyconduct,andseveralotherswerechargedbycampusadministratorswithorganizingapublicmeetingwithoutapermit.

Studentsthinkthatthemostimportantsubjectsarethosethatwillbeusefulaftergraduation.

Sooncollegefreshmenmustrealizethattheyneedtocontacttheiradvisorsabouttheirchoicesofmajors.

Ourcompanyprovidesopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthandstabilityinthedynamicfieldofaerospacetechnology.


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Exercise:EliminatingWordinessbyCombiningSentencesDirections:Combineeachsentencegroupintooneconcisesentence.

1.Thecliffdroppedtoreefsseventyfivefeetbelow.Thereefsbelowthesteepcliffwerebarelyvisiblethroughthefog.

2.Theircarisgassedup.Itisreadyforthelongdrive.Thedrivewilltakeallnight.

3.SometimesStanwentrunningwithBlanche.Shewasagoodathlete.Shewasonthetrackteamatschool.

4.TaylorbroughtsomecandybackfromEurope.Itwasn'tshapedlikeAmericancandy.Thecandytastedkindofstrangetohim.

5.Governmentleadersliketomentionthecreationofnewjobs.Theyclaimthatthesenewjobsindicateastrongeconomy.Theydon'tmentionthatlowwagejobswithoutbenefitsandsecurityhavereplacedmanygoodjobs.

Governmentleadersliketomentionthecreationofnewjobs,claimingthatthesejobsindicateastrongeconomy,butignoringthefactthatlowwagejobswithoutbenefitsandsecurityhavereplacedmanygoodjobs.

Thecliffsdroppedtothereefsseventyfivefeetbelow,whichwerebarelyvisiblethroughthefog.

Theircarisgassedupandreadyforanallnightdrive.

TaylorbroughtsomestrangetastingcandybackfromEuropethatwasn'tshapedlikeAmericancandy.

SometimesStanwentrunningwithBlanche,agoodathleteonthetrackteamatschool.


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Createasentenceabout________withthreewords.

Createasentenceabout________withsixwords.

Createasentenceabout________withtenwords.

Createasentenceabout________withfifteenwords.


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FragmentsandRunonsor...

TruckDrivingUSAWithasentencefragment,youdonotgetthewholepicture.

Withasentencefragment,youdonotgetthewholepicture.

EventhoughIhatewakingupforschool

EventhoughIhatewakingupforschool,IhaveagreattimewhenIgetthere.


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RunonsLet'ssaytwotrucksarecruisingdownI90theyneedtokeepasafedistanceapartor...

Thinkofeachtruckasanindividualsentence.Iftheystayasafedistanceapart,alliswell.


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KeepYourSentencesSafe

1.separateintotwosentenceswithPERIODS,QUESTIONMARKSand/orEXCLAMATIONPOINTS

Igocamping.Ienjoyreading.

2.useaSEMICOLON


3.useaCONJUNCTION(withaCOMMAifneeded)

Igocamping(,)andIenjoyreading. WhenIgocamping,Ienjoyreading.IenjoyreadingwhenIgocamping. Igocampinghowever,Ienjoyreading.

coordinating conjunction subordinating conjunctionconjunctive adverb (transition)


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Elizabeth,NewJersey,whenmymotherwasbeingraisedthereinaflatoverherfathersgrocerystore,wasanindustrialportaquarterthesizeofNewark,dominatedbytheIrishworkingclassandtheirpoliticiansandthetightlyknitparishlifethatrevolvedaroundthetownsmanychurches,andthoughIneverheardhercomplainofhavingbeenpointedlyilltreatedinElizabethasagirl,itwasnotuntilshemarriedandmovedtoNewarksnewJewishneighborhoodthatshediscoveredtheconfidencethatledhertobecomefirstaPTAgrademother,thenaPTAvicepresidentinchargeofestablishingaKindergartenMothersClub,andfinallythePTApresident,who,afterattendingaconferenceinTrentononinfantileparalysis,proposedanannualMarchofDimesdanceonJanuary30PresidentRooseveltsbirthdaythatwasacceptedbymostschools.

Justbecauseyoucandoesn'tmakeitagoodidea...

Soremember...correctgrammardoesnotequalgoodwriting.


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Practicerecognizingcompletesentences:

Readthelyricsandinyourjournalswritedownthreecompletesentencesandthreefragmentsfromthesong.

CompleteSentence IncompleteSentence


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"WishYouWereHere"byPinkFloyd

So,soyouthinkyoucantellHeavenfromHellblueskiesfrompainCanyoutellagreenfieldfromacoldsteelrailAsmilefromaveilDoyouthinkyoucantellAnddidtheygetyoutotradeyourheroesforghostsHotashesfortreesHotairforacoolbreezeColdcomfortforchangeAnddidyouexchangeawalkonpartinthewarforaleadroleinacageHowIwish,howIwishyouwerehereWe'rejusttwolostsoulsswimminginafishbowl,yearafteryearRunningoverthesameoldgroundWhathavewefoundThesameoldfearsWishyouwerehere


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TypesofSentencesIt'sallaboutthesubjectsandtheverbs...

SimpleSentence:

CompoundSentence:

ComplexSentence:

Compound/ComplexSentence:


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and


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but


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when


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after


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ThePoweroftheSimpleSentenceHestoodatthefoullinebecausetherestoftheplayershadbeen

instructedtogotothesidelines.Thepepbandwassilent,andeventhefansdidn'tcheer.Everyone,infact,watchedbreathlesslyashegrippedthebasketballtightly.Hebouncedittwicebeforeshootingandmakinghisshot.

Hestoodatthefoulline.Hewasalone.Alltheotherplayerswereatthesidelines.Thepepbandwassilent.Nofancheered.Everyonewatchedbreathlessly.Hegrippedtheballtightly.Hebounceditonce.Hebouncedittwice.Heshottheball.Swish.


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BUT...

SIMPLEISNOTALWAYSBETTER...

Theboyhasadog.Theboyhasacat.Thedoghasblackhair.Thecathasredhair.Thedogiscute.Thedogisfriendly.Thedogisabeagle.HisnameisMax.Thecat'snameisbuttons.

Isthisgoodwriting?


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Simplesentencescontainonesubject.Simplesentencescanbeimprovedthroughtheuseofadjectives,adverbsandprepositions,whichoffermoreinformationaboutthesubjectandverbinthesimplesentence.

Expandthefollowingsentences:

1.Avisitorarrived.

2.Thecampersroastedmarshmallows.

3.Thecrowdstared.

4.Abellrang.

5.Thecatlooked_________.

6.Hisfacewas__________.

Rememberlinkingverbslinksubjectswithadescription.


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Addacoordinatingconjunctiontoconnectthetwoindependentclauses.

CompoundSentence:

and nor but for

yet so or

Alistofcoordinatingconjunctions:

Nancywasfeelingveryill, shedecidedtogohome.

Idonotlikethoseshoes, Idolikethematchingpurse.

Ienjoyedwatchingthemovie, thefoodwasnotbad,either.

and nor butfor yet soor


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SubordinatingConjunctionscreateCOMPLEXsentences:

1.Ifeltfoolishbecause

2.Ifachipmunkspoketome,

3.Igetreallyangrywhen

4.AlthoughtomorrowisSaturday,

5.IcangoafterI

SUBORDINATINGCONJUNCTIONSHELPUSEXPLAINRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENOURIDEAS.Remembertheymaketheclausetheypairupwithunabletostandalone.

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Theseguysalsojoinideasbutthegrammargodscallthesecoordinatingconjunctions.Justmemorizethem.It'seasier...


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Whichisthebestsubordinateconjunctiontoplaceintheblank?

___________youhavenoteeth,youhavetoeatpizzafromablender.

Although

IfAfter

When

Because


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Drag the comma to the correct position.

2. The teacher delivered a lecture about attendance when the students arrived.

1. When the students arrived the teacher delivered a lecture about attendance.

,

#1Pull

deliveredalectureaboutattendance.

#2Pull


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Understandingsubordinateconjunctionsallowsyoutoveryyoursentencestructure:

whenthejudgeenteredthecourtroom

everyone stood

Pull

Pull


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VaryingYourSentenceStructureisthemarkofasophisticatedwriter.

Inthequoteitisaboutpoetry.Thefirstpartsays____.Thismeans____.Thesecondpartsays______.Thismeans_____.Thethirdpartsays______.Thismeans______.

OR

Engle'squoteexploresthedefinitionofpoetry.Inthebeginning,Englesuggeststhatpoetryis________,meaning_____.Hegoesontoexplainthatpoetryis_______.Englesuggestsherethat_____.Exploringtheideathatpoetryis_____,Engleconcludesthat_____.


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Createasentenceabout________withthreewords.

Createasentenceabout________withsixwords.

Createasentenceabout________withtenwords.

Createasentenceabout________withfifteenwords.


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Canyoufindtheerrorsinthisparagraph?Nowyouknowalittlemoreaboutsentence

types,fragments,andrunons.Iknowyouwillimprove.Withhoursofpractice.Itisnoteasyittakestimeyouwillbeabetterwriterasyoumastertheuseofsentences.Goodluck.

Attachments

TypesofSentencesPresentation.ppt

Varying Sentence Structure

References

2001 by Ruth Luman

Adding Variety to Sentence Structure

To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page.

Two Paragraphs

Read the paragraphs below. Choose the

paragraph that is more effective.

I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I dont like the traffic in the city.

I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.

How do you vary sentence structure?

You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of sentences we will study in this lesson:

- Simple Sentence

- Compound Sentence

- Complex Sentence

The Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb):

I live in San Francisco.

Subject

Verb

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together.

She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Compound Sentence

You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using

- a semicolon

- a coordinating conjunction

- a transition

Using a Semicolon

Independent Clause ; Independent Clause

I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Using a Coordinating Conjunction

Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause

He couldnt watch the show , so he decided to tape it.

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Coordinating Conjunctions

Logical RelationshipCoordinating Conjunction

AdditionAnd

ContrastBut, yet

ChoiceOr, nor

CauseFor

ResultSo

FANBOYS

For F

And A

Nor N

But B

Or O

Yet Y

So S

Another way to remember these is

CAUTION!

Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses.

Independent Clause

No comma- not an independent clause

The necklace was beautiful but expensive.

Simple Sentence

Using a Transition

Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause

I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic.

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

John cannot set up his typewriter

because the wall has no outlet.

Complex Sentences

A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.

Independent Clause

Dependent Clause

Subordinating Conjunction

Example- Complex Sentence

A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.

She will go to school in the city

until she finds a job.

Independent Clause

Dependent Clause


When I first moved to the city,

I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.

Complex Sentences

Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence.


Independent Clause

Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence.

Practice Exercises

Now you are ready to practice what youve learned. Click the link below to return to Unit D. Print and complete the Practice Exercise on adding sentence structure variety to your writing. Check your answers with a tutor.

Correct!

Excellent! This sentence reads more smoothly

because it has more sentence structure variety.

I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.

Simple Sentences

Compound/Complex Sentence

Complex Sentence

Im Sorry!

These sentence do not read as smoothly.

These sentences contain no sentence variety.

Simple Sentences

I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I dont like the traffic in the city.

RelationshipTransition

AdditionMoreover FurthermoreIn additionbesides

Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeedIn fact

ContrastHowever On the contraryIn contrast On the other hand

Result or EffectConsequently AccordinglyThus HenceTherefore As a result

Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeedIn fact

ExemplificationFor exampleFor instanceIn particular

ExemplificationFor exampleFor instanceIn particular

TimeMeanwhile (at the same time)Subsequently (after)Thereafter (after)

RelationshipTransition

References

PowerPoint Presentation by Ruth Luman: Modesto Junior College.

This project incorporates portions of copyrighted works. These items are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the educational fair use guidelines. They are restricted from further use.

SMART Notebook

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Grammar Sequence.notebook March 19, 2012 - East …€¦ · · 2012-03-26An independent clause expresses a complete thought. An independent clause, also known as a simple sentence,