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What do scientists do?
Learning Objectives I will know how to ask questions and make hypotheses for
scientific investigations. I will know how to collect information by making
observations.
A Well-Defined Question?
We are going to Austin next week. My mom
wants to see the bats.
What does Austin, Texas have to do with bats?
The largest urban bat colony in north America is under the Congress Street Bridge in Austin.
Does the bridge cross a river or does it cross a
lake?
Problems, Decisions, and New Ideas
Scientific Research and Knowledge
Why is it important for scientists to only use reliable information that has been reviewed by other scientists?
Evaluate Sources
Appropriate References
Inappropriate References
an article about cancer written by a leading oncologist
a website selling skin creams
Predict and Make Hypotheses
Hypothesis: If the level of water pollution increases, then the population of manatees will decrease because the plants they eat cannot live in highly polluted water.
Using Observations
What do scientists do with the information they gather from their observations?
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
organize
analyze
evaluate
draw conclusions
share
How do scientists investigate?
Learning Objectives I will know different methods of investigation and the steps
for scientific investigations. I will know how to ask well-defined questions for scientific
investigations.
The Scientific Method
I read that scientists are investigating how to
make electric cars travel even farther on
one charge.
That would be a great improvement. Have they published any results?
One model they tested costs $3.67 to recharge. It
costs about 2 cents per kilometer to drive.
Can you help me find out how far that electric car can
travel on one charge?
Types of Scientific Investigations
Name four types of scientific investigations.
experiments surveys
sampling
models
Models
What is a model?
Surveys and Sampling
What tools do scientists use to conduct a survey?
Steps for Investigation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
6.
Ask a question.
State a hypothesis.
Identify and control variables.
Make a plan.
Test the hypothesis.
Collect, record, and interpret data.
State a conclusion.
Do repeated trials.
How do scientists collect and interpret data?
Learning Objectives I will know how to select and use tools to collect and
interpret data.
Data Collecting
Scientists collect information over long periods of time. They use this information to make predictions.
Scientific Tools
duration
volume
mass
weight
lengthtemperature
Tools for Observing
Other Tools
SafetyScientists know they must work safely when doing experiments.
Organizing Data
Interpreting Data
The __________ is found by adding the data together and then dividing by the number of data.
The __________ is the value in the middle—half of the data are higher than this value and half are lower.
The __________ is the value that occurs most often in the data set.
The __________ is the difference between the largest and
smallest values in the data set.
How do scientists support their conclusions?
Learning Objectives I will know how to do investigations. I will know how to analyze and interpret information and
draw conclusions.
Draw Conclusions
Scientists draw conclusions about what they have discovered by interpreting their data.
analyze
evaluate
interpret
infer
Observations, Opinions, and Conclusions
Evidence
This scientist may be able to use his data as evidence to support his hypothesis.
direct evidence
indirect evidence
Review and Retest
Scientists must describe exactly what they did in an experiment and how they did it.