What causes Earth’s

surface to change?

Lesson 1

Earth’s Landforms

Lesson 2

Plate Tectonics

Lesson 3

Volcanoes

Lesson 4

Earthquakes

Lesson 5

Shaping Earth’s Surface

Chapter 5 Menu

landform

relief map

topographical map

atmosphere

hydrosphere

crust

mantle

outer core

inner core

Lesson 1 Splash

What are landforms?

ocean

inlet cliff

waterfall plateau

mountain

canyon

river tributary

coast delta

estuary

valley

hill

plain

desert

lake

beach dune

Lesson 1 a

What are the features of the ocean floor?

continent

continental slope

continental shelf

continental rise

sea mount

mid-ocean

ridge

rift valley

trench

abyssal

plain

Lesson 1 b

How are Earth’s features mapped?

Lesson 1 c

Relief Map of

Nunviak Island, AK

Topographical Map of

Nunviak Island, AK

What are Earth’s layers?

lower

mantle

outer

core inner

core

upper mantle

crust

hydrosphere

atmosphere

Lesson 1 d

Main Idea

• atmosphere

• hydrosphere

• crust

• upper mantle

• lower mantle

• outer core

• inner core

What are Earth’s layers?

Lesson 1 Main Idea Review

The layer of Earth’s interior below the crust is

called the ____________.

All of Earth’s liquid and solid water makes up its

____________.

The ____________ is made of solid metals.

A ____________ is a physical feature on Earth’s surface.

The rocky layer of Earth’s surface is called the

____________.

hydrosphere inner core landform

Vocabulary

crust mantle

Lesson 1 Vocab Review a

The ________________ includes all of the gases

around Earth.

A map that uses shading to show elevations is

called a ________________.

The ________________ is made of liquid metals.

A ________________ uses lines to show elevation.

outer core relief map

Vocabulary

atmosphere topographical

map

topographical map

Lesson 1 Vocab Review b

Which features of the ocean

floor angle downward and

which angle upward?

seamount

mid-ocean ridge

Upward

Classify

End of Lesson

Downward

continental slope

continental rise

continental shelf

trenches

submarine canyon

Lesson 1 GO Review

Lesson 1 Vocab a

Lesson 1 Vocab b

Lesson 1 Vocab c

Lesson 1 Vocab d

Lesson 1 Vocab e

Lesson 1 Vocab f

Lesson 1 Vocab g

Lesson 1 Vocab h

Lesson 1 Vocab i

plate tectonics

magma

fault

geologist

Lesson 2 Splash

Is Earth’s crust moving?

225 million

years ago

200 million

years ago Present Day

Lesson 2 a

What causes the ocean floor to spread?

Lesson 2 b

Scientists have developed a theory called plate tectonics

to explain how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean

floors to spread and continents to move.

Fault-Block Mountains Folded Mountains

How do mountains form?

Lesson 2 c

Is Earth’s crust stationary or moving?

Main Idea

moving

Lesson 2 Main Idea Review

The theory of _____________ explains how forces

deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to

spread and continents to move.

Deep cracks in Earth’s crust are called _________.

A _____________ is a scientist who examines

rocks to find out Earth’s history and structure.

_____________ is hot, melted rock.

faults

Vocabulary

plate tectonics

Magma

geologist magma

Lesson 2 Vocab Review

magma flows

up

magma pushes

ocean rock up

magma breaks

through ocean

floor

Cause and Effect

End of Lesson

What causes the ocean

floor to spread?

rock pushes

outward in

opposite directions

Lesson 2 GO Review

Lesson 2 Vocab a

Lesson 2 Vocab b

Lesson 2 Vocab c

Lesson 2 Vocab d

volcano

lava

shield volcano

landslide cinder-cone volcano

composite volcano

island chain

hot spot

island arc

Lesson 3 Splash

Where are volcanoes found?

Lesson 3 a

How do volcanoes build land?

batholith

dike

laccolith

sill

Lesson 3 b

How do volcanoes build islands?

ocean

Hawaii

Maui

hot spot

magma

direction

of plate

movement

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lesson 3 c

What is a volcano?

Main Idea

A place where magma reaches

and flows onto Earth’s surface.

Lesson 3 Main Idea Review

____________________ are built by thinner,

fluid lava that spreads out over a large area.

A stationary pool of magma is called a

____________________.

Once magma reaches Earth’s surface, it is called

____________________.

____________________ are built by thick lava that is

thrown high into the air and falls as chunks or cinders.

lava

Vocabulary

shield volcanoes

Shield volcanoes

Cinder-cone volcanoes

hot spot cinder-cone volcanoes

Lesson 3 Vocab Review a

___________________ are built by layers of ash and

cinders sandwiched between layers of hardened lava.

In areas where an ocean-floor plate is pushed under

another ocean-floor plate, an ___________________

is formed.

A __________________ is an opening in Earth’s crust.

An ___________________ is a line of volcanic

mountains.

island chain

Vocabulary

volcano

Composite volcanoes

island arc composite volcanoes

Lesson 3 Vocab Review b

area

closest to

the hot

spot

The islands are in

a line from oldest

to youngest.

Infer

End of Lesson

The next island

will be located

past the

youngest.

Where will the next Hawaiian

Island be located?

Lesson 3 GO Review

Lesson 3 Vocab a

Lesson 3 Vocab b

Lesson 3 Vocab c

Lesson 3 Vocab d

Lesson 3 Vocab e

Lesson 3 Vocab f

Lesson 3 Vocab g

Lesson 3 Vocab h

earthquake

focus

epicenter

magnitude

tsunami

Lesson 4 Splash

What is an earthquake?

epicenter

focus

fault

Lesson 4 a

An earthquake

is a sudden

movement of

Earth’s crust.

S waves

P waves

Key

What waves do earthquakes make?

lower mantle

inner core

outer core

Lesson 4 b

How is an earthquake’s energy measured?

Lesson 4 c

How can people prepare?

Lesson 4 d

Buildings in San Francisco

have been designed to resist

damage from earthquakes.

What is an earthquake?

Main Idea

An earthquake is a sudden

movement of Earth’s crust.

Lesson 4 Main Idea Review

When the waves reach Earth’s surface, they spread out

from a point called the ____________.

An ____________ is a sudden movement of Earth’s crust.

The place where the slipping begins is called the

earthquake’s ____________.

When an earthquake occurs underneath the ocean,

it can produce a huge wave called a ____________.

____________ is a measure of the amount of energy

released by an earthquake.

epicenter

Vocabulary

tsunami

Magnitude

magnitude focus earthquake

Lesson 4 Vocab Review

A tsumani strikes

the shore.

Draw

Conclusions

End of Lesson

An earthquake has

occurred on the

ocean floor.

What can you conclude

has happened if a tsumani

strikes a shore?

Lesson 4 GO Review

Lesson 4 Vocab a

Lesson 4 Vocab b

Lesson 4 Vocab c

Lesson 4 Vocab d

Lesson 4 Vocab e

weathering

erosion

glacier

landslide deposition

meander

sediment

floodplain

Lesson 5 Splash

What is weathering?

Weathering is the process through which

rocks or other materials are broken down.

Lesson 5 a

What is erosion?

Erosion is the process through

which weathered rock is moved

from one place to another.

Lesson 5 b

What is deposition?

The process by which eroded materials, such

as sediments, are dropped off in another place

is called deposition.

Lesson 5 c

How are shorelines changed?

Lesson 5 d

When water collects on land that is normally dry, it

is called a flood.

How can shorelines be protected?

Fences and grasses help

keep sand dunes from being

eroded by wind.

Some barricades may be

built to prevent large waves

from causing floods.

Lesson 5 e

What processes break down

and build up land?

Main Idea

Weathering and erosion

break down land, and

deposition builds up land.

Lesson 5 Main Idea Review

A ____________ is a large mass of slowly

flowing ice.

Particles of soil and rock that are carried

along in water are called ____________.

____________ is the process through which

rocks or other materials are broken down.

A ____________ is a place that is easily

flooded when river water rises.

glacier

Vocabulary

weathering

Weathering

floodplain sediment

Lesson 5 Vocab Review a

____________ is the process through which

weathered rock is moved from one place to

another.

____________, or gentle loops, sometimes

form in rivers with slow-moving water.

The process by which eroded materials

are dropped off in another place is

called ____________.

erosion

Vocabulary

Erosion

deposition meanders

Meanders

Lesson 5 Vocab Review b

beach erosion Problem and

Solution

End of Lesson

If you needed to

prevent waves

from eroding a

beech what

would you do?

find cause of erosion

levees, fences, grasses

Lesson 5 GO Review

Lesson 5 Vocab a

Lesson 5 Vocab b

Lesson 5 Vocab c

Lesson 5 Vocab d

Lesson 5 Vocab e

Lesson 5 Vocab f

Lesson 5 Vocab g