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What am I ?What am I ?
The more you use me, The more you use me,
the shorter I become.the shorter I become.
I am loved by teachers.I am loved by teachers.
I can't be eaten.I can't be eaten.
You can break me easily.You can break me easily.
I am called a blackboard crayon.I am called a blackboard crayon.
What am I ?What am I ?
When I am closed, I look like a stick. When I am closed, I look like a stick.
When I am opened, I look like a When I am opened, I look like a house. house.
I am used to protect you from the I am used to protect you from the rain. rain.
I am kept in the corner while it is I am kept in the corner while it is sunny.sunny.
This presentation was This presentation was created to enable you created to enable you
to :to :1. understand the form and 1. understand the form and
meaning of the passive. meaning of the passive. 2. understand why you use 2. understand why you use the passive. the passive. 3. do some activities using 3. do some activities using the passive voice.the passive voice.
form / meaning / use
Passive VoicePassive Voice
be + past be + past participleparticiple
How is the passive formed?How is the passive formed?
BeBe + + past participlepast participle sell - sold - sell - sold - sold sold / build – built -/ build – built -
builtbuilt Original paintings sell for lots of Original paintings sell for lots of
money.money. Those pyramids built Those pyramids built
around 400 AD.around 400 AD.
were built
areare sold sold for lots for lots ofof
If you want to name who If you want to name who perform the action we use perform the action we use
a a byby-phrase-phrase..
I was given a delicious I was given a delicious recipe recipe
by by a kind neighbour.a kind neighbour.
The form of The form of bebe shows the shows the tense.tense.
The portrait was drawn by a street artist.The portrait was drawn by a street artist.
The portrait is being drawn by a street The portrait is being drawn by a street artist.artist.
The portrait will be drawn by a street artist.The portrait will be drawn by a street artist.
The form of The form of bebe shows the shows the tense.tense.
The portrait The portrait waswas drawn by a street artist. drawn by a street artist.
The portrait The portrait is beingis being drawn by a street drawn by a street artist.artist.
The portrait The portrait will bewill be drawn by a street drawn by a street artist.artist.
Past simple
Present continuous
Future simple
The form of The form of bebe shows the shows the tense.tense.
The portrait The portrait waswas drawndrawn by a street artist. by a street artist.
The portrait is The portrait is beingbeing drawndrawn by a street by a street artist.artist.
The portrait The portrait will bewill be drawndrawn by a street by a street artist.artist.
Active sentences focus on Active sentences focus on performing an action.performing an action.
Passive sentences focus onPassive sentences focus on receiving an action.receiving an action.
My daughter My daughter mademade this this paintingpainting..
This painting This painting was madewas made by my by my daughter.daughter.
A performer of the actionA performer of the action
My daughterMy daughter made this made this painting.painting.
A receiver of the actionA receiver of the action
This paintingThis painting was madewas made by my by my daughter.daughter.
• HeHe took took this photo. this photo.
This photoThis photo
was taken was taken
by him.by him.
focus on focus on
performing the performing the action.action.
focus on focus on
receiving the receiving the action.action.
HeHe tooktook this this photo.photo.
This photo was This photo was takentaken by him. by him.
In the passive sentence, the In the passive sentence, the subject receives an action. It subject receives an action. It doesn’t perform an action. doesn’t perform an action.
The difference between active and The difference between active and passive is in the passive is in the focusfocus..
Passive is made with transitive Passive is made with transitive verbs.verbs.
Transitive verbs have objects.Transitive verbs have objects.
Exercise 1Exercise 1Read each sentence and state if itRead each sentence and state if it’’s s
possible to change it into the passive.possible to change it into the passive. My mother painted this room.My mother painted this room.
She painted from morning till night.She painted from morning till night.
The room looks bigger and bright.The room looks bigger and bright.
Exercise 1Exercise 1Now, read these sentences and say if itNow, read these sentences and say if it ’’s s
possible to change them into the possible to change them into the passive.passive.
My mother painted this room.My mother painted this room.
She painted from morning till night.She painted from morning till night.
The room looks bigger and bright.The room looks bigger and bright.
This room was painted by my mother.
No.
No.
ㅁ
Exercise 2
1.1. The man hit the bus.The man hit the bus.
2.2. The man was hit by the bus.The man was hit by the bus.
3.3. The Queen was driven to the airport.The Queen was driven to the airport.
4.4. The old woman attacked a policeman.The old woman attacked a policeman.
5.5. The dog followed a cat.The dog followed a cat.
6.6. The clown chased the lion.The clown chased the lion.
7.7. The old woman was attacked by a The old woman was attacked by a policeman.policeman.
8.8. The dog was followed by a cat. The dog was followed by a cat.
9.9. The Queen drove to the airport.The Queen drove to the airport.
10.10. The clown was chased by a lion. The clown was chased by a lion.
2.The man 2.The man was hitwas hit by the by the busbus
1.The 1.The man hit man hit the bus.the bus.
5. The 5. The queen queen was was drivendriven to the to the airport.airport.
6. The old 6. The old woman woman attacked attacked a a policemanpoliceman..
3.The dog 3.The dog followed followed a cat.a cat.
4. The clown 4. The clown chased chased the lion.the lion.
7. The old woman 7. The old woman was attackedwas attacked by by a policeman.a policeman.
8.The dog 8.The dog waswas
followedfollowed by by a cat. a cat.
9. The queen 9. The queen drove to the drove to the airport.airport.
10. The clown 10. The clown was chasedwas chased by a by a lion.lion.
1.1. The man was hit by the bus.The man was hit by the bus.
2.2. The Queen was driven to the The Queen was driven to the airport.airport.
3.3. The old woman was attacked The old woman was attacked by a policeman.by a policeman.
4.4. The dog was followed by a cat. The dog was followed by a cat.
5.5. The clown was chased by a The clown was chased by a lion. lion.
1.1. The man hit the bus.The man hit the bus.
2.2. The old woman attacked a The old woman attacked a policeman.policeman.
3.3. The dog followed a cat.The dog followed a cat.
4.4. The clown chased the lion.The clown chased the lion.
5.5. The Queen drove to the airport.The Queen drove to the airport.
WhyWhy or or WhenWhen do we use do we use the passive?the passive?
The person or thing performing the The person or thing performing the action is unknown.action is unknown.
The window was broken.
- A by-phrase is not used.
The person or thing performing The person or thing performing the action is not important.the action is not important.
Too many books Too many books have have been writtenbeen written about the about the Second World War.Second World War.
-Who did the baking?-Who did the baking?
It’s clear to everyone who or what It’s clear to everyone who or what performed the action.performed the action.
““I made a tasty food the I made a tasty food the other night. This chicken other night. This chicken was bakedwas baked in the oven in the oven with carrots, potatoes and with carrots, potatoes and lots of onions.lots of onions.
-I did it, but I don’t want to -I did it, but I don’t want to admit I’m the one who admit I’m the one who forgot to put it away.forgot to put it away.
We want to avoid who or what performed We want to avoid who or what performed
the action.the action.
““Why is this Why is this milk warm?”milk warm?”“Because “Because itit was was leftleft out for a out for a while.”while.”
--To To recognizerecognize that Beethoven that Beethoven is responsible for this musical is responsible for this musical composition.composition.
We want to highlight someone’s work.We want to highlight someone’s work.
(often artistic or creative work)(often artistic or creative work)
““This This concerto concerto was was writtenwritten by by Beethoven.Beethoven.
Exercise Exercise 33
Read each statement and explain why the Read each statement and explain why the passive voice is used.passive voice is used.
Our mail is delivered at the same time Our mail is delivered at the same time every day.every day.
Here are my books. They are written for Here are my books. They are written for English language learners.English language learners.
- It’s clear to everyone who delivered the mail.
- It’s clear from the context. I wrote them.
Wife to husband, Wife to husband, ””Honey, the trash bags Honey, the trash bags werenweren’’t put in the trash cans. It looks t put in the trash cans. It looks kind of messy, donkind of messy, don’’t you think?t you think?
These jeans were made in Hong Kong.These jeans were made in Hong Kong.
- To avoid an argument by stating:
“You didn’t put the trash where it needs to go!”
- We don’t know exactly who made these jeans.
Exercise Exercise 44Choose the sentence that goes with the pictureChoose the sentence that goes with the picture. .
1. B) The man was bitten by a snake.2. B) The elephant was frightened by the mouse.3. A) The mother fed the child.4. A) The detective followed the woman.5. A) The professor drove to the university.6. A) This dog bites!
1. The man bit a snake.2. The elephant frightened the
mouse.3. The mother was fed by the child.4. The detective was followed.5. The professor was driven to the
university.6. The dog was bitten!
Active a) The man bit a snake.
b) The elephant frightened the mouse. c) The mother fed the child.d) The detective followed the woman.e) The professor drove to the university.f) This dog bites!
Passive g) The man was bitten by a snake.h) The elephant was frightened by the mouse.
i) The mother was fed by the child.j) The detective was followed.k) The professor was driven to the university.l) The dog was bitten!
