WFP FOOD FOR THOUGHTThe compiled Report “WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT’ has brought out some successful interventions in promoting livelihood opportunities and access to food security in

WFP FOOD FOR THOUGHT

-a 25 years march in Odisha

a report prepared by

(Society of Retired Forest Officers, Odisha)

Shri Bijay Ketan Patnaik, IFS (Retd.)

Shri Bishnu Charan Pal, IFS (Retd.)

Shri Satya Narayan Bohidar, IFS (Retd.)

Shri Pramod Kumar Sarangi, IFS (Retd.)

Project DirectorWorld Food Programme-cum-Odisha Bamboo Development Agency

(Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha)Prakruti Bhawan, BDA Apartments, 4th Floor, Nilakantha Nagar, Nayapalli

Bhubaneswar - 751012, Phone: +91 (674) 2565344, Fax: +91 (674) 2565345, Mobile: +91 9437065344 Email : [email protected], Website : www.orissabamboo.org

Acknowledgments

In the outset the authors extend their sincere thanks to Sri Sushil Kumar Popli, IFS, the

then Project Director and Sri Pravakar Behera, Project Director, WFP cum State Mission

Director, Odisha Bamboo Development Agency, Odisha, Bhubaneswar for entrusting the

present assignment and providing valuable data required for completing the document.

The authors are also thankful to the Executive body of SORFO, for their faith and

confidence on the team consisting of Sarbasri B.K.Patnaik IFS (Retd.)(Teamleader), B.C.Pal

IFS(Retd), S.N.Bohidar IFS(Retd.) and P.K.Sarangi IFS(Retd.) to undertake the present task.

The authors are immensely indebted to the Regional CCFs of Bhawanipatna, Koraput ,

Berhampur and Baripada Circles and the DFOs and Staff of Kalahandi(N), Kalahandi(S),

Phulbani, Rayagada, Koraput, Nawarangapur, Jeypur, Baripada, Karanjia Divisions and the

DFO and staff of Phulbani KL Division for providing excellent cooperation during the field

visit.

In addition the authors extend their hearty thanks to Sri Trinath Patnaik RO, Phulbani

and Sri Kamala Kanta Das RO, Tikabali for their keen interest in the project activities.

Thanks are also due to the implementing NGOs like SAMBANDH (Mayurbhanj), DAPTA

(Kalahandi) & WORD (Koraput) for the excellent work carried out in the Project Villages.

The authors feel amply satisfied and express their gratitude for the sincere interest and

untiring help rendered by Sri Aditya Narayan Mishra and Asit Kumar Misra Foresters

deployed in WFP Organization.

Finally the authors express their sincere thanks to all those who have worked hard for

making the WFP Project work a success.

B.K. Patnaik

B.C. Pal

S.N. Bohidar

P.K. Sarangi

Raj Kumar Sharma, I.A.S.Principal Secretary

Forest & Environment Department

Tel (Off.) 0674-25368222322947

Res : 0674-2536050Fax : 0674-2395820E-mail : [email protected]

Bhubaneswar

DO. No. PSF&E

Date :

M E S S A G E

It gives me pleasure to know that the World Food Programme has

documented their past activities and successful interventions in Odisha.

The interventions of World Food Programme have already effected

perceptible positive changes in the lives of rural people particularly in

tribal and backward districts in the State.

The compiled Report “WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT’ has brought

out some successful interventions in promoting livelihood opportunities

and access to food security in rural sector.

While appreciating the work done, I hope the Programme will

continue to strive for welfare of the people of the State in future.

(R.K. Sharma)

Shri J.D. Sharma, IFS,

PRINCIPAL CCF, ODISHA

OFFICE OF THE PRINCIPAL CCF &HEAD OF FOREST FORCE, ODISHA,ARANYA BHAWAN,CHANDRASEKHARPUR,BHUBANESWAR-751023Ph. - 0674-2300853, Fax : 0674-2300049email : [email protected]

(J. D. Sharma)Principal CCF, Odisha

MESSAGE

Food is the basic need of individuals. Food security for the

individuals/families play the most vital role for development of Nation.

After independence, our country had to face several problems for its survival

and therefore proper attention could not be given for food production. As a result

large chunk of the population remained below poverty line and were either starving

or half fed. This scenario was similar to other under developed countries of the world.

Green revolution in India could bridge the gap of food requirement and

production to some extent. But still the gap was very large.

In order to address the food insecurity scenario of the world, the United

Nations created a branch, “World Food Programme” in the year 1963.

The World Food programme extended it support to Odisha Forest

Department in the year 1986 and continued its support till 2008 in three phases.

During this period total food commodity support was 1,34,198 Metric Tons.

With the voluntary contribution of the beneficiaries, an amount of Rs. 487.15

millions was generated. This generated fund has been utilized for various activities

particularly in Tribal Tracts of Odisha. These activities included Forest

Development, Infrastructure Development and income generation activities for both

community and individuals.

It has been observed that, most of these activities has yielded positive result

and are readily accepted by people in general and Tribals in particular, I am happy

that, these activities are now documented which will be kept as a record for future.

I hope, this document will serve very useful purpose for all the stakeholders

including researchers.

Shri Hari Shankar Upadhyay, IFSProject Director, World Food Programme-cum-State Mission Director, Odisha Bamboo Development Agency Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

MESSAGEFood security is vital for an individual to be healthy and lead an active life. Hunger

and malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide — greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. To mitigate the problem of food insecurity globally, United Nations launched World Food Programme (WFP) in 1963. Fortunately this problem is solvable as there is enough food to feed everybody.

Odisha, though rich in natural resources and having fairly comfortable food availability, is ranked among the poorest states of the country and placed in the category of the "severely food insecure" regions.

Indigenous tribal population constitute about 23 percent of the population of the state. About 20% to 50% of their household income comes from the non-timber forest produce (Source-Human Development Report, 0disha-2004). As forests have gradually degraded over period of time this income is under severe pressure.

WFP extended its support to Department of Forest & Environment to run food-for- work programme between 1986 to 2008 in three phases and provided 11.25 lakh tons of Rice, 6.37 thousand tons of wheat, 10.16 thousand tons of pulses and 5.164 thousand tons of oil for this purpose.

Besides, improving food security, the programme generated Rs.487.25 million as Welfare Fund which were utilized for various individual & community development schemes.

Forest Department, with its unparallel reach to farthest corner, distributed the food items near the work site, thereby making it available to the needy along with employment opportunity to earn it.

Things have improved a lot since then. Now State Govt is providing rice at Rs 1 a kg to the poor people. Impending Food security Bill/Act is going to legally ensure availability of food to all poor families at very subsidized price.

The Society of Retired Forest Officers, Odisha (SORFO) has prepared this document on the overall working of this project in the State. I hope this would be helpful for future reference and guidance.

Hari Shankar Upadhyay

Fig

htin

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unge

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orld

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e

Michael Jensen,Country Director, a.i.

On behalf of the World Food Programme (WFP), I am very pleased to welcome this

publication which the Forests & Environment Department, Government of Odisha

(GoO) is now bringing out. WFP is proud to have been associated with these joint

activities over the last 25 years, which has brought about tangible improvement for

the livelihoods of the tribal population in the State.

The contents of the book testifies to the impact of the successful joint initiatives of

the WFP and the GoO, aimed at equipping vulnerable communities with skills and

support systems, that not only took care of their immediate food needs but also pro-

vided individual and community assets to them for long-term development. The

concept of micro and sectoral planning developed as part of the Food for Work

initiative proved immensely beneficial and have been replicated in many ongoing

developmental projects today

The book also offers an account of the success stories from the field point to the

efficacy of people-led programmes towards food and nutritional security that

focus on intra-household dimensions and gender parameters of hunger.

1 sincerely hope that this publication will serve as a motivational push and provide

sufficient 'food for thought' to its readers.

With kind regards

Michael Jensen,Country Director, a.i.

WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha

Food Security Scenario in Odisha

C H A P T E R - I

Since the last part of

twentieth century, the

elimination of hunger and

f o o d i n s e c u r i t y h a s

remained in the focus of

most global and national

debates. At the World

Food Summit held in

Rome in 1996, food

security was defined as “Access by all people, at all times, to enough quantities of nutritionally

adequate and safe food for an active and healthy life”.

Food security is not guaranteed merely by adequate food grain production or even by food

availability. It is more fundamentally linked to effective access to food, both physically and

economically. Broadly speaking, livelihood security and livelihood access are important determinants

of food access. According to M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, “If people have access to

livelihood, they would in general have access to food and nutrition. Those who are unemployed,

employed on casual basis or underemployed, would have limited access to food.” Further even the

ability to buy food will not guarantee food security unless there is an effective delivery system ensuring

physically access to food.

Lack of one or more of these components leads to food insecurity

which is defined as “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally

adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire food in

socially acceptable ways”. Food insecurity could lead to a cycle of

malnutrition, deficiency, disease, poor food absorption and heightened

food insecurity.

There are a number of indicators that influence food insecurity in one way

or the other. These indicators have been combined into a set of three broad food security indices

(three As)

i) Production factors, influencing Availability

7

NTFP Collection by Tribals ofKandhamal

ii) Household and individual Access to food

iii) Ability to Absorb food

Despite a substantial increase in food grain production

since independence, India is still classified by the Food &

Agricultural Organisation (FAO) as a low income, food deficit

country. Around 35 percent of its population i.e. roughly 320

million is considered food insecure, consuming less than 80

percent of minimum energy requirement. Most vulnerable to

mal nutrition are those living in states prone to natural disasters, and in areas where there is rapid

degradation of natural resources. (Source:Food Security Atlas)

In context to State of Odisha, a combination of economic, social, ecological and institutional

factors contribute to food insecurity. Because of high incidence of poverty, income disparity,

inadequate employment opportunity in lean season and a large tribal population living in remote

areas with poor connectivity coupled with periodic occurrence of drought & flood, Odisha has been put

in the category of severely food insecure regions. It has been pointed out that severe food insecurity in

Odisha is primarily due to the presence of vulnerable rural population who are basically Schedule

Caste & Schedule Tribe with poor and marginal livelihood assets or livelihood susceptible to natural

disasters.

Odisha is one of the major states of the Indian Union with

population of 36.81 million as per 2001 census. About 23

percent of the population comprises indigenous tribal

population, mostly concentrated in the northwestern and

southwestern districts. Sundargarh, Keonjhar & Mayurbhanj

districts account for 35.3% & undivided district of Koraput,

Kalahandi, Phulbani & Bolangir account for another 39.4% of

state tribal population. Their traditional practices using

natural resources like land, water and forest as a means of

livelihood support are becoming gradually inadequate for their

needs. Due to degradation of forests, supplies of non timber

forest products (NTFP) have reduced adversely affecting

household income. They rank abysmally low in respect of most

human development indicators, and are a socially and

politically marginalized community.

About 20% to 50% of the tribal household income per

annum comes from non-timber forest produce (Source-Human Development Report Odisha - 2004).

With incomes insufficient to buy food, many of the households are in debts and are in food-insecure

category. Similar is the fate of scheduled castes that constitutes a little more than 16% of the State

population. Unlike the tribal population they are mostly concentrated in the four (undivided) coastal

districts of Balalsore, Cuttack, Ganjam and Puri. Odisha ranks 11th on Human Development Index for

major states of India. [Source - National Human Development Report - 2001)

8


Overwhelmingly, these two groups of people are landless or functionally landless. These groups

often live in isolated rural areas and have little access to mainstream development.The process of

modernization has largely marginalized them in economic terms, thereby further threatening their

livelihood security.

A study conducted in four districts of Odisha by World Food Programme during 2002 provide

ethno-graphic insight into 'coping strategies' of food insecure households during times of acute or

chronic food insecurity. These strategies include,

- Limiting the frequency and quantity: The villagers usually reduce the frequency and

quantity of meals during crisis periods.

- Borrowing either food or money to buy food: It is a common practice not only during crisis

time, but also in normal periods.

- Change in consumption pattern: Procurement from nature like wild tubers to leafy

vegetables increases; even the consumption pattern of the people with regard to expenses

on food and non food items also undergoes changes during crisis period.

- Maternal buffering: (the practice of a mother deliberately limiting her food intake in order

to ensure that her children get enough to eat).

Thus the best option to counter the food insecurity would undoubtedly be to go for,

- Subsidized distribution of food grains, through strengthened Public

Distribution System.

- Nutrition provisioning through Anganwadis / Mid-day meals

- Food for work programme

Against the background, the

Govt. have taken various initiatives to

reach to the poorest of poor to improve

their livelihood and provide required

food security. One such intervention has

been the World Food Programme (WFP).


9

10


World Food Programmein India

C H A P T E R - II

The World Food Programme (WFP), founded in 1963 as the food aid arm of United Nations, is the

World's largest international food aid organization, present in more than 80 countries. It is guided by

the 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security and is committed to reduce the number of people

without access to food by 50 percent by 2015. [Source - Reducing Hunger - WFP Country Programme

Report 1997-2002) The motto of WFP organization is "A world in which every man, women and child

has access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life. Without food, there can be no

sustainable peace, no democracy and no development.”

In fact, WFP has been doing a soul search in its keenness to provide the most appropriate

intervention to enhance food security of the poor & vulnerable sections of the society. Where people

have no access to food, and where people are poor, hungry & malnourished, WFP offers most direct

intervention "food" through food for work programme. Among these vulnerable groups, WFP also

pays particular attention to the needs of women & children.

Reduce chronic hunger and under nutrition everywhere.

Strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce hunger.

Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies.

Prepare for emergencies.

Restore and rebuild lives after emergencies.

Objectives of WFP are five fold.

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

Despite a substantial increase in food grain

production, India is still classified by the Food and

Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.) as a low income, food-

deficit country as nearly half of the world's hungry reside

in India. It was one of the targeted countries adopted by

World Food Programme.

Over the years, WFP has provided more than 1 billion

US dollar in food and development assistance to India and supported more than 70 projects in India,

which included supplementary feeding and support for forestry, livestock, diary development,

irrigation and rural development activities. (Source - Reducing Hunger - Country Programme Report - 1997-2002)

This assistance has been channeled mainly through:

Food for Work:

Food for Life:

WFP promoted long term self-reliance through food-

for-work in labour intensive work programmes. It aimed

at improving food security of people, particularly

schedule caste & schedule tribe groups, dwelling in the

interior forest areas. The programme was implemented

in the States of Jharkhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,

Chhatisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and

Uttaranchal. Food rations were provided to daily wage

workers engaged in Forest Department development

activities. This activity took place in the context of the

Joint Forest Management (JFM) approach introduced by the Government. The WFP intervention also

generated funds as a result of the cash recovery from the forest workers' wage bill. These funds were

used for the creation of community assets, village development and further empowering people

through a participatory planning approach.

WFP is committed to mitigating and preventing emergencies and their

consequences on human life like famine related death, starvation and

nutrition deficiencies. To sustain victims of disasters, WFP responded

to natural disasters, be it drought in Rajasthan, floods in Madhya

Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam, Cyclone in Odisha or earthquake in

Gujarat. The flexibility within the programme has allowed WFP to

accelerate its activities to meet the urgent food needs resulting from

natural disasters. In the case of the super cyclone in Odisha, during

October 1999 and the earthquake in Gujarat in 2001, WFP established

a network of Government and NGO partners to assist in the

distribution of rice, pulses, oil and Indiamix /Corn Soya Blend (CSB).


11

Food for Growth:

WFP targets needy people at the most critical times of their lives: children, adolescent girl child,

breast-feeding and pregnant women. Food aid is used as a preventive care. For this, WFP's India

country programme concentrated on food for education, nutritional support for women and children

and food security in tribal and natural disaster prone areas. Among the vulnerable groups, highest

priority was attached to women living in the most food-insecure districts of the least developed states

in India. WFP adopted an area-based strategy that could effectively address the weaknesses in the

local-level delivery of food assistance programme.

However, the major direct assistance of WFP has been through "Food for Work" programme

which has been carried out through the State Forest Department. Biggest advantage of this was the

availability of good quality food near the worksite, thereby reducing travel cost & time and making food

more accessible to the needy people.

12


C H A P T E R - III

Food for Work Programme

The state of Odisha comprises of 4.74 percent of India's land-

mass and 36.81 million people [2001 census]. The state's population

account for 3.57 percent of the population of the country. Nearly 85

percent of Odisha's population live in rural areas. As per Economic

Survey carried out by Govt. of Odisha in 2003-04, the Scheduled Caste

(SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) population comprised 16.53 and 22.13

percent respectively of the total population of the state. About 45

percent of the geographical area of the state has been declared as

scheduled area.

Although endowed with rich natural resources, Odisha is ranked

among the poorest states of the country. The estimate made by the

Modified Expert Group of the Planning Commission during 2004-05

has calculated that in the State of Odisha below poverty line (BPL)

population is of 66.23 percent which is the highest in the country.

Odisha's poverty ratio is 46.8 which is far higher than the national average of 26.1 percent. The per

capita income in Odisha is one of the lowest among 17 major states. [Source - Food Security Atlas of

Rural Odisha] The poverty is more concentrated in rural areas. Apart from divergence between rural

and urban poverty, the former being much higher; great difference in the poverty scenario manifests

more glaringly among backward classes, SC/ST groups both in rural as well as urban areas. Their

traditional practices of using natural resources for

sustenance & livelihood are heavily dependent on

forest. As forests have gradually degraded over the

period of time, there was a felt need to create an

enabling environment for the poor forest dwellers of

Odisha, engaged in forest activities, and dependant

on the forest for their survival; so that they could

overcome the vulnerable position of food insecurity.

Though food availability in Odisha is fairly

comfortable, yet food insecurity is chronic and the

state has been placed in the category of the "severely

food insecure" regions. The map showing district

wise food security status is shown below.

Food Distribution, Koraput Range

Food Distribution, Talalimika Range

Food Security Outcome of Rural Odisha

Food Security Outcome IndexSecure (0.711-0.830)

Moderately Secure (0.593-0711)

Moderately Insecure (0.474-0.593)

Severely Insecure (0.356-0.474)

Extremely Insecure (0.237-0.356)


13

Status of districts of Odisha as per Food Security Outcome Index (FSOI)

Secure

Jharsuguda

Extremely Insecure

Nuapada

Rayagada

Gajapati

Malkangiri

Kandhamal

Severely Insecure

Bolangir

Nabarangpur

Jajpur

Sambalpur

Sonepur

Sundargarh

Keonjhar

Bhadark

Bargarh

Boudh

Kalahandi

Ganjam

Koraput

Moderately Insecure

Dhenkanal

Mayurbhanj

Puri

Kendrapara

Deogarh

Angul

Moderately Secure

Nayagarh

Cuttack

Jagatsinghpur

Balasore

(Sorce - Food Security Atlas of Rural Odisha - UNWFP)

A regional analysis of the Food Security Outcome

Index (FSOI) presents an interesting picture. All the eight

districts in the Eastern Ghat Region and most of the

Central Table Land lie in the most food insecure category.

These are the districts that have a higher proportion of

forest and tribal population. The coastal planes are

relatively better off with only 4 of 11 districts lying in this

category.

Host of factors like over exploitation, shifting

cultivation in the near past among some of the major tribes, like Kutia-Kondhs and Dangaria-Kondhs of

undivided Koraput & Phulbani districts, the Koya of Kalahandi and the Bonda of Malkangiri district,

Juang and Paudi-Bhuyans of Keonjhar districts, has led to massive destruction of vegetation on hill tops

and hill slopes and subsequent complete loss of vegetation in these lands. Ever expanding agriculture,

urbanization, industrialization & other biotic factors have contributed to sizeable loss to both forest

cover and biodiversity, thereby affecting the productivity of the natural resources and livelihood

security of forest dwelling communities

Having understood this intrinsic relationship between existence of sound forest cover and socio-

economic well being of the forest dwellers many curative & preventive measures were taken up. One

such intervention has been "Food for Work" programme under WFP wherein assistance has been

channelized through the ongoing forest development programmes of the state to benefit the

underprivileged population depending upon rapidly decreasing forest wealth.

Podu cultivation in Koraput

14


This has been achieved through.

(a) the provision of a wage supplement in the form of food which improved the food supply for

the workers families and (b) the establishment of a WFP Fund from cash wage deductions made in return for WFP family

ration unit (coined as WFP Generated Fund) which was used for taking up additional

employment and income generating schemes in forestry sectors and in social & economic

development of tribal forestry workers.

This programme, beginning in the year 1986, was implemented in three phases by the

Department of Forest & Environment of Govt. of Odisha through its DFOs, Odisha Forest Corporation

Ltd., Odisha Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. and Similipahar Forest Development

Corporation Ltd. Later on these three Forest Development Corporation merged with Odisha Forest

Corporation Ltd. which was renamed as Odisha Forest Development Corporation Ltd.

An operational contract coined as "Project 2685" was framed and signed in 1986 and the World

Food Programme (WFP) was launched in Odisha covering the whole state (all 13 districts of the state

existing at that time) with more focus on the chronic distressed areas where labour employment

opportunities needed to be created through various forestry schemes. Some of these areas of the

districts where WFP work was to be concentrated on a priority basis are indicated below.

PHASE-1(1986-1996)

District

Kalahandi

Balangir

Phulbani

Ganjam

Koraput

Puri

Cuttack

Balasore

Dhenkanal

Mayurbhanj

Keonjhar

Sambalpur

Sundergarh

Areas of the district where WFP work was concentrated on a priority basis

Entire area

Titilagarh and Patnagarh

Sadar and Balliguda sub-division

Chikiti and Agency areas of Ganjam

Nawarangpur and Kasipur

Daspalla and Gania

Narasinghpur

Nilagiri and Raibania

Pallahara, Hindol and Athmallik

Thakurmunda

Bhuinyapirha, Juangpirah

Naktideul, Padampur, Paikamal

Himagiri

In the first phase (Project 2685), WFP assistance was

used with an objective of reducing food insecurity of forest

dwelling communities by providing wage supplement in the

form of food support to families engaged in forestry work.

One food unit per manday per family, consisting of 2.5 kg of

rice/wheat; 200 gms of pulses and 200 gms of vegetable oil,

was provided to each forest worker's family, working in

plantation programme, kenduleaf binding, bamboo


15

harvesting and other forest related labour intensive programmes against a voluntary contribution of a

part of their wage, representing 40 percent of their wage or 50 percent of the value of the ration (as per st the public distribution system prices) whichever was lower. (Source - 1 phase plan of operation)

The wage deduction (contribution) varied from Rs 3/ to Rs 6/ during the course of the

programme whereas the market price of each food unit varied between Rs 20/ to Rs 30/. Thus the food

units provided significant additional support to the families. Additionally the WFP fund generated in

the process was used for infrastructure development, creation of community assets, health &

sanitation, education, safe drinking water and natural resource management (soil & moisture

conservation, forest activities which further provide livelihood security in the long run).

Abstract for Phase – I

Organization

Territorial

Affn/Plantation

SFDC

Kendu leaf

OFDC Ltd.

Wildlife

Others

Total

Wheat in MT

1,249.451

1,168.236

119.294

588.059

3,064.869

151.986

26.105

6,368.000

Rice in MT

8,765.400

7,483.039

836.410

10,931.990

19,398.089

1,113.384

324.688

48,853.000

Oil in MT

924.219

842.000

92.464

1,043.024

1,986.322

116.718

30.253

5,035.000

Pulses in MT

985.628

849.345

91.031

1,120.295

2,151.595

122.249

34.857

5,355.000

The man-days generated during phase I were 1, 95, 41,200.

With progress of time, the need of the vulnerable forest dwelling population began to show

signs of change. Although access to some communities was created by improving infrastructure and

repairing forest roads to their villages and food security was ensured through work generated in

forestry activities; yet it was observed that the marginal land holdings of the rural people, mono-

cropping, rain fed agricultural practices, lack of alternative livelihood push them to migrate for

remaining part of the year.

It was realised that to improve individual household food

security in a more sustainable and self-reliant way,

development initiatives were required to strengthen and

broaden the resource base of the communities concerned.

Initiatives to improve their agricultural productivity, increase

the availability of forest resources and to provide benefit from

alternative sources of income were needed. With this in mind

2nd phase of the programme was launched in November 1996,

in the district inhabited predominantly by tribal & schedule

Phase II (1996-2003)

16


caste communities who represent the most disadvantage segments of the population in the state. This

phase which continued up to March 2003 was designated as Project 5569 and was implemented in 19

out of 30 districts. The districts covered were Phulbani, Boudh, Sundergarh, Kalahandi, Nuapada,

Mayurbhanj, Koraput, Raygada, Nabarangpur, Malkangiri, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Keonhjar, Balangir,

Dhenkanal, Angul, Bargarh, Jharsuguda, Sonepur.

In this phase distribution of oil in the food packet was dropped and 2.5kg Rice, 200gms of pulses

were distributed in one unit ration with voluntary contribution amount of Rs 9/-. Unlike in the past, all

workers employed in targeted activities were eligible for family rations. This change from the previous

policy was intended to benefit mainly women who normally participate in forestry working along with

their male family members. This was obviously bound to have increased impact on household food

security.


Abstract for Phase – II

Organization

Territorial

Kenduleaf Affn./Plnt Paper Mill

NGO & Others

OFDC Ltd. Wild life

Total 41,612.3524

18,930.3827

Rice in MT

7,669.8939

2,314.6685

7,035.7795

2,233.6935

3,419.9343

8.0000

Oil in MT

28.7006

12.0515 -

82.3995 -

6.3204 -

129.4720

Pulses in MT

590.2063

1,369.3110

153.3078

678.9072

223.6037

264.0394

0.6400

3,280.0154

The total man-days generated during Phase-II were 1,66,44,800.

Besides, strengthening the food security situation of vulnerable households through

distribution of food ration and carrying out activities like development of kitchen garden, fruit

orchards, enhancement of agricultural production by provision of irrigation facility some unique

income generation activities were introduced on the basis of integrated micro plan for individual

villages and sectoral plan for cluster of villages. The participatory village structures created under the

JFM policies of the state, in view of their acceptability and success, were adopted as the basis of these

tribal development sub programmes. The NGOs participation was also encouraged.

The criteria for selection of villages for inclusion in the programme were:

(i) high food insecurity and concentration of Scheduled Tribe:

(ii) high concentration of landless or functionally landless people;

(iii) willingness of the community to contribute to the implementation of activities

and the creation of assets;

(iv) high level of out-migration;

(v) remote forest-dependent communities with limited developmental activities

and existence of a registered active and motivated Village Forest Protection and

Management Committee, and

(vi) availability of NGOs and other village development group.


17

Preference, however, was given to those villages meeting the above criteria which had NGO and

other working village development groups. In the selected villages, micro plans were prepared with

the involvement of all stake holders though Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and demand driven

planning approach. One basic goal visualized in this phase, which is quite different from the previous

one, was to create an enabling environment for long term sustainable improvement in the target

group's food security and income. Further the village communities as well as the households were to

be empowered through participatory rural planning, execution & development. SHGs were created

and revolving funds were provided for Income Generation Activities (IGA). Agricultural Inputs were

given & irrigation facilities created besides making provision for grain banks & storage facilities. Adult

literacy also improved through Non-formal education programme.

The funds (voluntary contribution) generated while distributing the food grains of the quantity

shown in the table pre page were utilized to supplement government programmes and invested in the

schemes aimed at increasing community and individual self reliance, thereby paving the way for

sustainable food security for the poor people.

During preparation of micro plans, it was observed that the people in general

need exposure to new agricultural techniques and knowledge for enhancing

livelihood, capacity building, and training for woman, farmers and forest workers

apart from formalizing people into institutions like Self Help Groups [SHG], Joint

Forest Management Committees (JFMC), Van Sanrakshyan Samities [VSS], Village)

Development Committees (VDC] etc.

A mid-term policy review in 1999 revealed that the provision of seasonal short-term

employment though considerably below the needed level, provided food security to some extent only.

The programme also faltered in supporting long term food security implicit in the investment as the

generated funds were not being directed at the full/entire section of the population from where the

funds were generated.

Moreover towards end of the second phase of the programme, a fresh note quoting the

observation in planning commission report (1999/2000) was prepared. The report of the planning

commission indicated a poverty head count of 47 percent in the state. The per capita income was as

low as Rs 5,985/-. According to the 'Net State Domestic Product and Poverty Status (2004-2005)', the th th

state was 16 in rank as far as per capita income was concerned and 17 in rank with regard to the

poverty ratio. The poverty scenario, limited education and livelihood insecurity still had a negative

impact on food security (Source - Planning Commission Report - 1999-2000).

It was also found that 57 % population in the state suffered from chronic energy deficiencies as

against the national average of 37%. As already stated in the previous chapters, in the Food Security

Outcome Index, Western & Southern Odisha districts were found severely insecure and extremely

insecure districts respectively. The southern region itself accounted for 15 % of the extremely food

insecure population (FAO 2008). These districts having hilly terrains are inaccessible, have poor

PHASE-III (2003 -2008)

18


communication facilities and are mostly tribal populated. The rainfall in these areas is quite erratic,

resulting in uncertain crop production.

In this background, the 3rd phase of the World Food

Project coined as WFP activity No. IND-10107 started from April

2003 and continued up to March 2008. In this phase, the project

support was confined to six predominantly tribal dominated

districts such as Rayagada, Koraput, Nabarangpur, Malkangiri,

Kalahandi & Kandhamal. Though provision of food component

got terminated by March 2008, the developmental work under

generated fund continues till date and would be over in 2013.

The food unit in this phase consisted of 2.5 kgs of Rice and 200

gms of pulses and the voluntary cash contribution by way of

wage deduction was limited to Rs,9/-,

Abstract for Phase – III

Organization

Territorial

Kendu leaf

OPDC

OFDC Ltd. & others

Paper Mill

NGO & Others

Total

Rice in MT

14,889,8468

2,140.4926

446.6125

287.2544

3,764.0000

508.9605

22,037.1688

Pulses in MT

1,074.2604

169.7418

29.0432

18.7991

216.7000

19.82 88

1,528.3733

The mandays generated during this phase were 88,14,800 only.

The voluntary contribution amount generated was utilized for holistic development of the

village on micro-plan basis. This time a more qualitative intervention was proposed for a wholesome

and sustainable development of village.

The long term as well as immediate objectives of the 3rd phase, differing from that of second

phase, were as indicated below.

To improve the long term House-hold (HH) food security of the most disadvantaged people

through preservation and creation of assets like forest.

To mitigate the effects of disaster on the targeted population through preservation and creation

of assets as well as by building their capacities for managing their resources.

To develop & demonstrate implementation mechanisms, processes and models that can lead to

strengthening House-hold food security.

Long-term Objectives :

Ø

Ø

Ø


19

Ø

Immediate Objectives :

Ø

Ø

Ø

To improve programme effectiveness and benefits to the targeted population through synergetic

efforts with donor partners.

Enhanced livelihood base through forest regeneration and forest access to the targeted

population.

To meet immediate food needs of most-food insecure households in their efforts for developing

production assets.

Ensure greater empowerment of communities, especially women, through greater participation

in Food for Work activities and participation in management of assets/resources for sustainable

use.

Furthermore, at the district level greater synergy amongst food for work programme and food aid

carried out by line departments of Government such as midday meal programme for school children &

nutritional food programme for pregnant women through Anganwadi's was ensured with a view to

insulating the most-food insecure and vulnerable sections of the population from natural disasters

and improving their productive asset base. Forest regeneration and forest access enhanced livelihood

security of the target population and immediate food needs of most-food insecure households within

the operational area were met. Greater participation in food for work activities, empowerment of

communities, especially weaker group in management of resources and assets was very successful

and in a sustained way.

The total food grains distributed, man-days and funds generated during the three phases is depicted

below in graphical form.

20


C H A P T E R - IV

World Food Programme Interventions

Utilization of Generated Funds

The voluntary contribution deducted in lieu of food ration units was deposited in a special WFP

fund and kept in a separate interest bearing account.

The phase wise statistics is given below.

Phase Period Funds generated in

Million Rs.

Funds utilized in Million Rs.

1st Phase (Project 2685) April 1986 to 1996 157.46 157.46

2nd Phase (Project 5569) Nov. 1996 to March 2003 225.94 222.78

3rd Phase (Project 10107) April 2003 to March 2008 103.75 100.13

Total 487.15 480.37

The funds generated from voluntary contribution from labourers, in lieu of ration units given, was

proposed to be spent for their welfare, village development activities through micro plans and sectoral

plans and also in creating community assets, institution and in empowering people. Emphasis was st given on productive enhancement and natural resource development in the 1 phase, whereas more

nd stress was given on assets & Infrastructure creation during the 2 phase.

Micro Plan/ Sectoral Plan

Nearly 80 percent of fund generated was channelized for all-round development of the village as

per prescription of microplan. These micro-plans were prepared through a participatory process

where forest officials and beneficiaries sit together, discuss and

decide priority development activities within a village. WFP

encouraged formation of decision making groups at village level

such as: water user group, women's self help groups and forest

protection committees that have equal representation of

women. All microplan proposals were reviewed by committees

comprised of the Forest Department officials, WFP authorities,

NGOs, technical experts and groups representing needs of

women and children such as the Department of Women & Child

Development.

In many of the microplans the emphasis was on long term planning, such as plantation of forest

and horticulture species, enhancement of agriculture production and formation of Women Self Help

Groups for organized trading and marketing. Sectoral plans were also prepared to tackle specific

problems of cluster of villages. The plan prioritised the developmental need of each village in the

cluster.

Income generation activities for individual households like goatery, poultry, vegetable

cultivation, fruit orchard (cashew, mango and banana) etc. were taken up. Savings and Micro Credit

programme was launched in selected villages involving Women SHGs who in turn promoted various

income generation activities for individual households. Besides, measures were taken for Natural

Resource Management by creating check dams, water harvesting structures (WHS), irrigation canals,

dug wells, renovation of ponds, compost pits, lift irrigation points etc. This encouraged different

agricultural based activities in villages and improved productivity in course of time.

92 Villages of Semiliguda Pottangi and Laxmipur Blocks of Koraput dist. have been covered under

IIP (Inclusive Intervention Project). This pilot project was implemented through two NGOs. The

objective of the programme was to increase agricultural productivity in order to enhance short and

long term food security benefiting 2,646 families.

Integrated Microplan for individual Villages

Sectoral Plan for Cluster Villages


21

During 3rd phase of Project operation, WFP supports have been limited in selected (six) districts

i.e. Rayagada, Koraput Nabarangpur Malkangiri, Khandamal and Kahalandi in order to have greater

focus on qualities of intervention such as: agricultural development activities. Income generation

activities particularly Micro trading of NTFP products, Vermiculture, Pisciculture, Goatery, Plate

making Poultry Tailoring Mushroom Cultivation Rice huller Grain bank etc.

WFP, through its generated fund wanted to intervene in these important aspects of rural

scenario. They proposed to create and strengthen village level organizations so as to provide better

management facility with the available natural resources in the village and enrich it in the process

which would ultimately yield better household income.

22


Precisely the World Food Prog-amme interventions through generated fund can be broadly

categorized as follows:

1. Productivity enhancement.

2. Community Development.

3. Creation of Assets and Infrastructure.

4. Income Generation Activities.

5. Nutritional support.

6. Food for Human Development (FFHD)

Another intervention could be Mission Pusty [Aame be Paribu) but these activities could be

considered as a part of Nutritional support. All these interventions are unique in character and with

specific objectives;

The major achievements were :

Attempts have been made for integrated productivity enhancement in sectors like Forestry,

Agriculture and allied fields. The major interventions therefore included –

(a) Forestry sector

Under Forestry sector the major thrust was given on Natural Resource Management along with

Nursery raising and plantation.

(b) Agriculture and allied sector.

Agriculture Sector included various interventions such as Irrigation facilities. Horticulture

development, Kitchen garden. Cash crop cultivation etc,

Management of Natural Resources

In an underdeveloped economy, agriculture and allied activities like animal husbandry, forestry

and fishing provide the main source of livelihood and employment. Forests and trees have

automatically played a critical role in the livelihoods of the poor tribals of Odisha. For them, forests are

a source of construction materials, fuel, fodder, ethnic medicines and nutrients for crop. Forestry and

forest based activities also is an important source of rural non-farm employment.

Factors like over population, cattle grazing, fire and agricultural expansion contribute to soil

erosion and forest cover reduction. Excessive deforestation has begun to threaten not only the soil and

water base essential for continued food production, but also the future availability of many forest

plants and animals that are sources of food. With existing customary rights and easy access to forest

resources the forests have been depleted endangering the household food security. The villagers,

having adequate agricultural land, also suffer from food insecurity, because of water scarcity even

during rainy season. On an average the marginal land holding could provide food just for four to six

months in a year making seasonal migration in these belts a way of life. Therefore attempts were made

to generate adequate employment by scientific management of the forests, which is the most

important natural resource influencing the water regime and soil.

1. PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT:

FORESTRY SECTOR

The important interventions in Forestry sector are:

(i) Forest Nursery

(ii) Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests

(iii) Plantation

(iv) Biodiversity conservation.

Quality of crop depends

upon quality of seed/planting

stock. Therefore it was felt

necessary to raise good planting

stock in the nurseries along

with transferring the modern

planting/nursery technology to the farmers. Involvement of Women Self Help Groups (WSHG) for

developing nursery and raising forest seedlings with a buyback arrangement by Forest Dept. has

resulted in production of quality seedlings and substantial

increase in their income. Establishment and Management of 3

decentralized nurseries with herbal garden was taken up in

Kalikaprasad, Tulasibani and Madanmohanpur villages of

Mayurbhanj district with the help of NGO "SAMBANDH". Similar

nurseries were reised for forest plants near Similiguda in

Koraput district and Hansa of Rayagada districts (by three

WSHGs) with technical &

infrastructure assistance from the Forest Department The

seedlings raised by the villagers were bought by forest department

under different plantation schemes. This process of transferring

technical skills to villagers to raise different type of seedlings

created favourable feelings in the villagers towards forest and

simultaneously the nursery served as a source of additional

income for them.

[i] Forest Nursery:

23

(ii) Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests (RDF)

In order to check rapid degradation of forest cover, loss of top soil and to conserve moisture,

Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) was taken up in the degraded forest patches by organizing

villagers into Van Sanrakshyan Samitics (VSS).

The forest area around village Malbhuin of Kandhamal district was

completely degraded. The villagers were also not able to collect their fire wood

requirement from this area. In the year 2000, a VSS was constituted in the village

and the villagers were assigned with 100 hectares of degraded forest area for

protection and maintenance. 50 hectares of degraded forest in Bholiapada R.F was


24


taken up under the programme of Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest. For soil and

moisture conservation measures like gully plugging, sisal plantation, sabai grass

plantation were taken up. Enrichment planting like block plantation, assisted

natural regeneration, wherever necessary, was also taken up. The villagers took

active part in protection of the Forest. Now after 10 years the forest is almost self

sufficient and the villagers are regularly collecting NTFP and firewood from that

forest.

In some cases Sisal Plantation was taken up along the

boundaries which served as a green fencing to the forest and

provided sisal fibre for rope making, creating some job

opportunities and additional source of income for the villagers.

Most of the activities in the village were carried out in a

participatory way through joint forest management committees.

This approach in forest protection and management yielded better

result in forest conservation. Joint Forest Management (JFM) policy and structures created at village

level under this policy formed the basis of tribal development sub programme under World Food

Programme.

In the state 11,390 Ha of Forest area has been taken up for RDF activity with support of WFP.

Besides, protecting, conserving & enriching the degraded natural forest assigned to different

target villages, help from generated funds was also given to raise small patches of block plantation

within the village limit or adjacent peripheral areas. The emphasis was mainly on raising cash crops

like cashew, jafran (Bixa oreliana), sisal etc. Plantation of fruit bearing species like mango & litchi was

also encouraged in various villages.

In some cases economic (timber) species Iike teak along with other species have been planted as

Block Plantations. Total area covered under Block Plantation in Nuapada District is 1384.8Ha.

In order to enhance the production of NTFP, 105 Ha plantation with desired NTFP species was

raised in certain locations in the districts of Mayurbhanj, Kalahandi, Malkangiri, Sundargarh and

Koraput in Phase-II.

(iii) Plantation

(iv) Biodiversity Conservation

Similipal Biosphere Reserve, situated in the district of Mayurbhanj, is one of the major

biodiversity hotspots of Odisha. The district has also large (56 to 60 %) tribal population surrounding

it. A holistic approach was needed to conserve biodiversity of Similipal Biosphere Reserve with

improvement in the standard of living of local people through provision of sustainable livelihood

support system based on farm & non-farm activities.

(a) Improvement in Agriculture

The broad based strategy was to address chronic problems such as

primitive method of agriculture, high dependency on forest for

livelihood, illiteracy, low level of skill development, lack of health

care facilities and poor nutritional intake etc.

The activities taken up by Forest Department included

creation of Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) at Kalikaprasad village of

Karanjia Division and another village of Rairangpur Division. The rich

perennial water streams, which were flowing in the village periphery

were properly utilized by making

WHS/Check dams. The unemployed

youth of the area were also involved in identification, survey &

preparation of booklet on Flora & Fauna. They were trained as guides

as this area has high potential for eco-tourism. The activities of

department also included health check up camps at remote areas,

awareness campaign through Sabuja Bahini by organizing street

plays and exposure visit of the people living in interior pockets etc.


25

The bright example is the village "Madanmohanpur", a remote village in

Similipahar area which would have remained as insignificant as any other remote

village but for the active support of the NGO "SAMBANDH". Three women SHG

formed in this village are named as "Bhanja Prayani", "Babatilka" and Sidhukanu".

WFP revolving fund @Rs.4000/- was given to each WSHG. There is also one "Farmers

Club" in the village. The initial spadework for organizational activity was started here

by another NGO "SPAR" from 2001. Later on NGO "SAMBANDH" intervened and

continued with them.

The villagers depend on rain-fed agriculture. Attempt was made to improve

Agricultural production by providing agricultural inputs, promotion of organic

farming, training on rain-fed rabi cropping. For additional income mango and guava

grafted plants were given for household backyard plantation.

26


A management policy was also prepared by the farmers club for better

management of the agro implements.

Pisciculture was practiced in the village pond. Mushroom Cultivation, Vermi-

composting, Honey and other NTFP collection provided subsidiary income. In case

of NTFP such as Honey, marketing support was provided by the NGO.

Another innovative idea introduced in the village was promotion of "Home

Herbal Garden". Ten species of medicinal plants such as Aloevera, Amla, Rukuna,

Brahmi, Basanga, Bachaand Bhurunga etc. were planted in the backyards of each

household.

These activities in the village has helped in preserving the surrounding Bio-

Diversity.

(v) Habitat Improvement.

The project has also extended its support for improvement of the habitat of Nalaban Sanctuary in

Chilika lake so as to attract more number of migratory birds.

AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Among the tribal 'shifting cultivation' has been a customary practice. Large chunks of forests

have been devastated due to such practice. WFP has played an important role in providing support for

sustainable agriculture and enhancement of productivity through various interventions which

ultimately resulted in visible reduction in Podu (shifting) cultivation. Some of these interventions are:

i. Water Harvesting

ii. Land Development

iii. Irrigation

iv. Crop Demonstration

v. Access to Credit

vi. Input support

vii. Grain Bank

viii. Horticulture Development

(i) Water harvesting

Rain-fed agriculture was the main stay of economy of many tribal villages. Erratic and scanty

rainfall led to perpetual low production or crop failure. Drying of perennial water streams had a

negative impact on the livelihood of many tribal households practicing seasonal cultivation or

Agriculture Support:

marginal farming. So the main thrust in the micro-plans was

to create assets like Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) and

Check dams which could provide adequate irrigation

during rainy season to get assured Kharif crop and also

provide surplus water for irrigation for additional crop

production during Rabi season. In the State 33 WHS during

Phase-II and 19 WHS during Phase-111 (total 52) were

constructed to provide Irrigation to some of the Target

Villages.

In Khajuriput village of Koraput district around 15 hectares of land has been

brought under land development schemes through contour bonding. In the micro-plan

project implemented in Malabhuin village of Phulbani district, Water Harvesting

Structure with earthen check-dams was constructed to control the flow of water into

agriculture land during rains, while arresting soil erosion. The stored water further

facilitates irrigation of 15 acres of land during lean period.

WHS at Bhajiguda Micro-plan Village


27

(ii) Land development

A major component during phase-Ill of the project was to increase agricultural productivity

in the targeted villages through massive land development activities and linking it with the WHS.

In Tala Limika village of Koraput district, due to WFP initiative 25.25 acres of waste and

unproductive land belonging to 15 poor marginal farmers of the village was developed.

The development included land leveling, stone bonding and earth binding with grass

etc. This land has become quite productive and the owners are encouraged to raise

various crops on the said land.

Total land developed with the support of WFP in Phase-II was 183.5 Ha in 5 districts namely

Mayurbhanj, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Malkangiri and Koraput. During phase-III 73 Ha was developed in

the districts of Kalahandi, Rayagada, Kandhamal, Malkangiri and Koraput. Thus total 256.5 Ha land

was developed with support of WFP.

28


(iii) Irrigation

Agriculture is the backbone of rural Odisha.

Majority of population depend on it. Perpetual

crop failure due to scanty or irregular rains is a

common phenomena leading to food insecurity. In

order to maintain the crop production a particular

level it was felt necessary to explore the Irrigation

potential in the rural tribal populated area and tap

the source wherever possible as a demonstration.

The village Rajkakhol is situated deep inside the forests of Kandhamal district. Basing

on selection criteria, this village was selected for WFP intervention. The project was

included in the III phase and work on it physically started inJanuary 2006. The micro

plan was implemented with the active intervention of forest department staff.

RAJIKAKHOL MICROPLAN - KANDHAMAL DISTRICT

T h e v i l l a g e c o n s i s t s o f 8 2

households, out of which 48 belong to ST

and 34 to SC communities. Developmental

need of the village was identified. As most

of the households depend on seasonal

agriculture, the foremost attempt was to

provide irrigation facility. A perennial

water source was available at a height of

1500 feet on the hill slope which was

passing through the already existing old

and dilapidated earthen WHS.

The WHS was renovated using WFP generated fund, replacing it by a

masonry RCC structure with provision of iron sluice gate at both ends for regulating

flow of surplus water and reinforcing the earthen embankment on both sides of the

structure. On the basement a tank like structure was constructed to store the surplus

water and to release the same under gravitational flow through PVC pipeline. As a

result irrigation facility was provided round the year, for the adjoining agriculture

land of more than 15 acres and also as a drinking water source for day to day use of

villagers.

As many as 3 nos. of wells were dug in the village from the saving amount.

Rope and Pulley system was provided to cater to the domestic needs and K.B.

(krishak bandhu) pump sets (foot pedaled) for irrigation purpose. Each dug-wells is

being utilized to irrigate about 5 acres of land where at least seven to eight

beneficiaries cultivate seasonal vegetables like tomato, potato, brinjal, beans etc.

For this purpose diversion

c h a n n e l s w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d

particularly in rainfed agriculture

areas to obtain assured production.

In the areas where perennial

water source was available, the

water was channelized to the

agricultural land for multiple crop

production. 22.7 km length of canal

has been provided under the

Scheme.

In some cases Lift-Irrigation facilities, where feasible, have been created for raising crops.

Adequate equipments such as pump sets were also provided in certain cases. In total 94 pump sets

have been provided by WFP.


29

In the integrated microplan of Jhara and Tamingi village of Rayagada district main

stress was given on irrigation. This is because about 70 percent of the villagers depend

on agricultural works, either in their own land or in the land of the neighbours. The total

available agriculture land is 120 Acres in the village Tamingi and 50 Acres in the village

Jhara. Due to sandy soil and insufficient irrigation facility the villagers were finding it

difficult to produce even a single crop in a year. Under WFP generated funds, previously

36 meter canal was constructed and during 2005-06, extension of the canal work to

another 170 meter was completed. With the renovation of village tank through WFP

generated fund, the excess water is being used by the SHG for agriculture purpose

through a lift irrigation pump set provided for the purpose.

(iv) Crop Demonstration

Agricultural interventions such as crop demonstrations

and introduction of new crops, especially tubers and roots, in

the district have started contributing towards increased level

of food security. Demonstration was given to enhance

productivity of conventional crops such as pulses, vegetables,

maize, Bengal-gram etc. 5 farmers in different areas were

30


involved in crop demonstration work and total 25.5 hectares of land was covered. Farmers and SHG

members started cultivation of radish. Due to such crop demonstration 20 no. of farmers earned

additional average annual income of Rs.20,000/ to Rs.25,000/.

(v) Access to Credit

The tribals usually depend on money lenders

(locally known as sahukars) for credit at the time of

cultivation. The interest charged is exorbitant. In

order to free the poor tribals from the clutches of

money lenders WFP provided revolving fund through

SHGs to facilitate individual credit.

As many as sixty one SHGs have been formed in 3 forest divisions of Mayurbhanj

district and they were grouped together under 3 federations. Nominal monthly

contribution was collected from the members. A revolving fund from this project

was provided to the WSHGs. With this amount as seed money, they are able to access

banks for loan. The loans were mostly used for repayment of loan taken from

moneylenders, farming and entrepreneurial activities like goatery, pisciculture and

establishment of grocery shops etc.

A few SHGs are also handling public distribution system (PDS) in their village. Establishment of

linkage with various govt. line departments, banks and market helped in socio-economic development

of villages, villagers and women in particular through various govt schemes like SGSY (Swarnajayanti

Gram Sworojgar Yojna).

(vi) Input Support

In order to popularize improved methods of

agriculture it was felt necessary to extend input support

to the deserving farmers for demonstration. The inputs

provided included seeds, fertilizers and pesticides etc.

(vii) Grain bank

Grain cum seed storage banks were promoted in

several Micro-Plan areas. The concept of grain bank

provides safe storage facility and fosters attitude of saving among the villagers. SHGs participated in

collection of grains at the time of harvest for safe storage in the grain bank. The participating members

are called as entitlement group and automatically become share holders of the grain bank. The grains

are available to the members at the time of crisis at 25% interest in kind. This meets the need of grain

during lean period and the surplus if any is disposed off in the open market at a profit.

(viii) Horticulture

Horticultural development was taken up as a component under agriculture support system.

Grafted seedlings of mango, orange, litchi, guava and improved seedlings of banana, papaya etc. were

supplied to the households for backyard planting. During Phase II, 790 households were covered

under this component.

In Bearpanga village of Kandhamal district, 500 fruit bearing species like mango

& litchi were distributed to all the households for raising backyard plantation.

Community Horticulture plantations were

also developed. During Phase II, Cashew

plantation over 99 Ha and during Phase III,

Horticulture plantation over 77.5 Ha. and

Cashew plantation over 173.2 Ha. were raised

for community income.


31

In Chintaliguda village of Rayagda district, 4,800 cashew seedlings & 960 mango

seedlings brought from Horticulture Department were planted.

32


2. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:

WFP interventions were also intended for community development through various activities

such as:

i. Institutional development

ii. Capacity building

iii. Health and sanitation

iv. Connectivity

v. Education

I. Institutional Development

The WFP assisted programmes took various steps for institutional development followed by

capacity building. Institutions like Women Self Help Groups (WSHG), Vana Sanrakhyan

Samittees(VSS), Village Devlopment Committees(VDC) were formed and supported by WFP. Non

Government Voluntary Organisations (NGOs) were supported for taking up village development

activities. Ramakrishna Mission at Madanpur Rampur in Kalahandi district, a Social service

Organisation, was also supported by WFP generated fund.

WFP provided around 20 percent of generated

fund to NGOs to implement development activities.

Since the mid-1990s NGOs became integral part of

WFPs development activities. They helped in

formulating micro-plans and sectoral programmes.

They used 'Participatory Planning & Implementation

Methods', since beneficiary participation in

development projects is crucial as a means to reach

the most vulnerable groups like women, whose voices

otherwise would not be heard.

Women Self Help Group (WSHG)

Recognizing that in tribal villages, women are key to improving household food security, WFP

supported activities that increased women's access to markets and trade and improved their skill. At

least 30 percent of generated funds was targeted for activities that directly benefited women or were

controlled by them. The main objective of this attempt was to empower the village women folk, so that ,

they opened up, get exposed to outside world, manage the assets, actively participate in trade and

commerce and become a force to reckon with at village level, particularly in decision making process.

One of the few exemplary villages, where WSHG are more active is “Rajikakhol” Village in

Tikabali Range of Phulbani forest division. World Food Programme intervention took place in this

village in the year 2006. Four number of Women SHGs were formed and in the insistence of women

members a water harvesting structure was developed and water supply was ensured through

channels, PVC pipes along with KB pumps were supplied for irrigation. Three nos. of dug well were

created. These encouraged the villagers to go for vegetable cultivation like potato, radish, brinjal



33

beans, pumpkins and other cash crops such as

Turmeric, black gram, Kandul etc. Through SHG,

marketing of these products were taken up

which gave good margin of profit. Consequently

ST & SC communities are coming together,

sitting together and taking decisions on a

common platform to continue further

developmental activities. Thus a social change

could be seen taking place in the village.

The village "Chintaliguda" in Tadama GP of

Rayagada district is a small tribal village with

43 no. of households out of which 36 nos. belong

to Kandha & Kui-kandha tribe. The WFP

intervention started in this village from the year

2005. 3 WSHGs were formed with names -

Manika (12 members), Manjunath (15

members) and Ganesh (12 members). The

animator appointed on behalf of the project

looked after all three WSHGs by helping them in

record keeping, bank transaction, weekly meeting and marketing of the produce. WFP from

generated fund provided Rs.2,000/- as revolving fund to each groups during March 2006 for

purchase of Kandula during harvest time at a cheaper rate and to dispose it afterwards during lean

season at a profit for their group. By availing bank loan, the WSHG could establish a rice huller in

their villages. All 43 households were supplied with banaraji chicks, bought from CDVO, Koraput.

Besides, helping in their dietary nutritional uptake, the poultry business is also a constant source of

income to them.

Tentulipadar is an interesting village situated at Boipariguda block of Jeypore forest division. Project

intervention started in this village from 2003 ie. Phase-II itself. There are 3 nos. of Women Self Help

Groups in the village namely Gram Devi, Maa Devi and Laxmi Devi, With Rs.5000/-seed money for

each SHG from WFP fund, they have taken up number of activities like plantation of Cashew, Jafran

(Bixa orellana), renovation of pond for pisciculture, trading of Mahua and tamarind and also

executors of PDS system in the village. By selling Jafran seeds, the WSHG earns around Rs.20,000/- per

annum. Under Public Distribution System, they are getting 300 litres of Kerosene from block every

month at Rs.13/- per litre & selling it with a marginal profit at Rs.15/- per litre.

34


SHREE RAMAKRISHNA ASHRAM, MADANPUR RAMPUR [KALAHANDI DISTRICT)

Two major projects were implemented by Shree Ramakrishna Ashram at M. Rampur, Kalahandi

district with the financial assistance of World Food Programme. One of the projects is Microplan

Jukabahali where integrated development of village Jukabahali under Madanpur- Rampur

Panchayat consisting of 42 tribal households who sustain mostly on daily wages was taken up.

The agriculture land of the village could not be cultivated due to regular droughts and water

scarcity. After intervention, a 2 kms Pipeline was brought to the village from the river Utei and

further pipeline was extended for irrigation of 50 Acres of lands. Expertise was provided by the

institution for paddy cultivation and Kitchen garden.

Different income generating programs were adopted by the villagers like Poultry, Fishery, Vermin

Composting, Dairy and Tailoring training. A big pond was excavated and pisciculture was

adopted by the villagers. Training in poultry, duckery & dairy was imparted to the villagers. The

tribal villagers also started keeping chicks and cows in their houses after the training. Even, the

villagers were able to practice organic farming from Vermi Compost.

Two women SHG groups were formed under the leadership of Smt. Ibhamayee Majhi who was

trained by Shree Ramakrishna Ashrama to organize different women's program in the village on

health, hygiene, kitchen garden, etc.

Another project was Kamadhenu Cow Bank Project. Here 25 poor child labourers were trained in

dairy farming for one year at the ashram, with full boarding and lodging. After training 22 cows

along with cowshed, feed etc were also given to the successful trainees.


35

WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (WORD)

WORD - Women's Organization for Rural Development is one such NGO, which was associated in

preparation and implementation of micro-plan projects of Khajuriput village in Koraput district

with the kind assistance of World Food Programme.The objective was to bring about Food

Security through livelihood interventions.Various interventions were taken up since February

2006. The target groups were the marginalized tribal and backward classes of which the most

vulnerable being the women, children and marginal farmers.

Agriculture is the livelihood of most of the tribals in the village. However due to erratic rainfall, the

tribals were facing loss in their crop yield year after year. Through WORD, the farmers of the

village were exposed to new farming practices and organic farming. With WFP support the

villagers constructed a diversion channel of an already existing perennial water stream. This

could provide irrigation to more than 40 hectares of land and with the main crop the villagers

could now grow vegetables in their field. It is an established fact that even if the yield and

consumption is good, there will not be any visible improvement in the health of the community, if

the drinking water and sanitation problem is not addressed. WORD mobilized piped water supply

system for the village from the perennial water stream flowing upland, thereby supplying safe

drinking water.

The impact of WFP project is already visible. The villagers send their children to school. Women

have become vocal and more enterprising. There is enough employment in the village and

consequently people seldom migrate to other places.

ii. Capacity Building

The institutions can work properly only when the members are properly trained and have

adequate confidence instilled in them for such works. Keeping this in mind, steps were taken to

develop the sense of responsibility and confidence in the target villagers.

In each of the villages covered under World Food Programme, women were organized at least in

two to three Self Help Groups (SHG), each consisting 10 to 15 members. Since it was felt necessary to

utilize these grass root level Institutions as stepping stone for carrying out developmental activities in

the village, steps were taken for capacity building, empowerment and increasing awareness of these

women members.

36


Tribal Communities are among the most underprivileged sections of the Indian population. They have

very low level of literacy, limited access to food, education, health care, safe drinking water, sanitation

and other basic services. Ranking abysmally low in respect of most human development indicators,

they are virtually a socially and politically marginalized community.

In this context, an approach that puts tribals at the centre stage of the development process and

involves them in all stages of planning and implementation was felt as the need of the hour. A joint

exploratory mission was undertaken in Odisha by IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural

Development) and World Food Programme (WFP) with the assistance of Govt. of India and Govt. of

Odisha. The social analysis that included a livelihood system study and an assessment of the land rights

issues revealed that barriers to livelihood opportunities and food security were the key issues that

warranted immediate attention. The Odisha Human Development Report suggests that one of the

factors of food insecurity is lack of access to Public Distribution System (PDS) and its limited utilization

by the poor .The need for improving and strengthening the targeted PDS schemes suggests measures

like empowering local communities to manage risk and uncertainties of food access.

The important steps taken for Capacity building are:

a. Training

b. Exposure visits

c. Involvement in decision making

d. Health, education and awareness camps

e. Empowerment of the Community

a. Training

Various types of trainings were designed and

imparted to target groups. The important training

programmes were:

1 Agriculture training 858 persons were trained in various agricultural activities during Phase-II and 31 persons were trained in Phase-III.

2 Training for WSHG 112 groups were trained in various activities in Phase- groups trained in Phase

II and 92 -III

3 Training for VSS 37 nos. of training camps during Phase -I,5 Nos. during Phase -II and 12 nos. in Phase-Ill

4 J.F.M Training 25 nos.of training camps in Phase III 5 Training on Animal

husbandry/ livelihood

21 nos. of training camps in Phase III

6 Farmers Training 13 groups were trained in Phase - III 7 Tailoring training 2 groups were trained Phase - III


37

b. Exposure visits

Exposure visits were conducted for the target groups

to see & gather first hand information on various

activities. A number of such motivational visits were

organized for WSHGs.65 groups in Phase-II and 54

groups in Phase-III separately went for such visits.

c. Involvement in decision making

The VSS members and VDC members were involved

in preparing their own Micro-plans, basing on which

the WFP intervention was taken up. All the Micro-

plans have been prepared by the villagers

themselves. 84 nos. of Micro-plans were prepared in

Phase-II.

d. Health education and awareness camps

This activity was taken up only during Phase-III. 4

such camps were conducted in the district of

Rayagada.

e. Empowerment of the Community

During the Project operation, thrust was given on

community empowerment as this is the basis for

effective natural management, development of productive resources like land, water and forest so as to

bring sustainable improvement in the livelihood and food securities of the people.

At grass root level, villagers were grouped together under Village Forest Protection Committee (VFP),

Forest Development Committee (FDC) and Vana Sanrakshyan Samitee (VSS) etc. These grass root level

organization helped in the capacity building of individuals so that they could manage their assets and

resources in much better way and be able to plan for themselves and for their village as whole.

38


EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Talalimika is a remote forest village in Padampur GP. of Koarput district The village consists of

71 households out of which 69 households are S.T. and two houses belong to S.C. The main

occupations of the villagers are farming and wage earning as agriculture labourers. Alcoholism

is the main problems among the villagers. This nefarious practice makes their economic status

more pitiable. The villagers normally depend upon rain-fed cultivation and the productivity of

the land is very low due to soil erosion and degradation of land. With the intervention of W.F.P. in

Phase III, a Microplan was

p r e p a r e d f o r h o l i s t i c

development of the village. A

v i l l a g e d e v e l o p m e n t

committee was formed in the

village having 12 members

nominated by the villagers

with equal participation of

male and female. The V.D.C. took up the ownership, responsibility in implementing the

programme while monitoring and follow up of the activities were undertaken by W.F.P.

Two nos. of Women self help group were formed in

this village. One of the members of this group named

Gita Muduli later on was elected as Sarpanch of

Padampur GP. Gita gained confidence, leadership

qualities and knowledge about various govt, schemes

when she became a WFP women self help group

member. Empowered with the training and exposure

visit under skilled development programme of W.F.P,

Gita as an active member of the group began to show

signs of leadership quality and participated actively

in the village decision making process. This gave her enough confidence to fight panchayat

election. In 2007, she won in the election and became Sarpanch of the GP. She immediately took

all possible measures required to improve the livelihood of the people in that village. She even

ensured that all the households in this village received the NREGS job cards. During discussion,

she was found bubbling with confidence. She assured that as a daughter-in law of the village,

whether she wins any election or not, she will devote her time and energy for the development of

the village and villagers. With her able guidance the W.F.P supported activities were carried out

successfully in that village. The villagers have raised a cashew plantation over an area of 10 ha.

This plantation was distributed amongst 22 members of the village who have already got

usufruct patta over the plantation due to the active interest taken by Smt. Gita Muduli. A Rice

Huller was installed in the village by Women Self Help group which is a constant source of

income for the villagers.


39

Collective marketing

strategies were piloted in selected villages for NTFP,

horticultural (vegetables, fruits etc.) and agricultural

produce. The intervention not only helped poor,

unassuming villagers to market their produce for

better prices but also boosted the confidence of the

tribal communities to negotiate better in the market;

thereby enhancing their bargaining power.

Almost all self help groups built in the project villages under WFP, are getting exposed to market

demand. Most of them are linked to the annual exhibition at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar. This

annual festival serves as a good platform for disposal of a number of processed and packaged products

made by women community under the banner of WSHG.

In Khajuriput Village of Goudaguda GP of Koraput District the WSHG could mobilize

more than RS. 2,50,000/- from Banks and put them into productive use in agriculture

and allied activities. Apart from this, in order to meet the off-season requirements and

also for the value addition of their agricultural products, NTFP products, they were

given training on Mushroom cultivation, spices making, beekeeping, raising of herbal

medicinal plants, sal leaf plate making and vermi-compost etc.

In Talalimika Village of Koraput District, the two WSHG members have regular weekly

meetings. In order to get familiarized with bank transaction, the groups visited

Panchabati Gramya Bank, Koraput. Exposure visits of members were also arranged to

Madanpur Rampur Block Office of Kalahandi District to acquaint them with different

trades and Income Generation activities. Exposure visits of WSHG members to annual

Adibasi Mela at Bhubaneswar and also to Tribal festivals like "Parab", "Mandei", Herbal

trade fare etc. provide a platform for broadening their outlooks.

40


iii. Health and Sanitation

Steps were taken to improve Community health as well as individual health. For this purpose the

steps taken were:

a. Health Camps and Health Education ;b. Provision of safe drinking waterc. Animal Health improvement

a. Health Camps

Keeping in view the poor health condition of people free health camps were organized in

different project villages as a component of micro plan and sectoral plans. Medical officers from

nearby P.H.C. attended regularly these health camps for free check up as well as supply of free

medicines. In almost all project villages in Kandhamal, Rayagada or Koraput district health camps

were organized as entry point activities. Awareness meetings on personal hygiene, sanitation, basic

health care and various methods to prevent malaria were also organized. Women Self Help Groups

played a significant role in motivating their women members to come forward for health check up on

regular basis. First Aid training was also imparted to certain persons and kits provided in the target

villages to meet the exigencies.

b. Safe Drinking Water Dugwell &Tube-Well:

Drinking water scarcity is common in interior pockets,

particularly in KBK region. Therefore WFP wisely thought to install

tube-well with concrete platform

for continuous supply of safe

drinking water. A total number of 843 Tube Wells have been installed

in remote areas. Similarly 173 dug wells were constructed (80 in

Phase-I, 49 in Phase-II & 44 in

Phase-Ill) in different districts.

c. Veterinary camps

Animal health is also equally important for food security. 35 nos. of

veterinary camps were organised in Kandhamal and Koraput

districts.


41

iv. Connectivity

In order to improve connectivity to different target villages, repair

of certain roads was taken up with the support of WFP. In total 30

km road was repaired during Phase-III.

v. Education

Education can enable a person to earn his/her livelihood or have

access to employment or a mother to better address the needs of her children. That is why W.F.P. used

food aid to improve the knowledge of women by implementing ABC formula {A – (Assets for

education) B - (Basic learning facility) C - (Creating a healthy study environment)}. To ensure that the

children in the targeted villages get proper education facility 13 school hostel buildings were

constructed by the W.F.P. during the first phase of the project in interior forest pockets. During the 2ncl

phase of the project, support was given to a partnership institution i.e. Ramakrishna Asharam of

Madanpur Rampur block of Kalahandi district; for developing class room for children who were

previously child labourers. A pilot project for mental development of children in preschool stage was

launched where additional food materials were provided in 284 Anganwadi Centres in the district of

Koraput, Nawarangpur, Malkangiri, Rayagada and Kalahandi.

Basic learning facility was provided to the most vulnerable children of the kendu leaf (KL) binding

workers. KL binding is one of the important forestry activity which involves large number of binders

both men and women. They migrate from place to place for almost 8 months in a year, along with their

family, to carry out the process of K.L. binding. As a result access to primary education of their children

could be ensured. The W.F.P. generated funds were used for providing basic learning materials such as

books, slates, chalks, pencils & school bags etc. as well as a Para teacher for the children. Joyful learning

has been facilitated through 100 para teachers attached to 90 K.L. binding teams teaching around

4000 children.

CARING FOR DISADVAMTAGED CHILDREN - GYANA BARDHINI:

As a unique initiative to bring mentally challenged children of school going age to mainstream,

assistance from WFP Welfare Fund was given to Gyana Bardhini, a unique school for mentally

challenged children located at Kolnara block of Rayagada district. The project implementing

organization was a NGO named as "Dandaka-Aranya" which also works in the field of Health,

42


Education and Natural Resources Management in the surrounding areas. The school was dinaugurated by the Hon'ble Chief Minister, Odisha on 22" January, 2004. The NGO screened

mentally challenged children by door to door campaigning and total 67 students were selected

out of which 25 students stayed in the campus. Every day a bus started from Rayagada to

transport the children from their door steps to school and drop them back in their respective home

after school hours.

Mid-day meal was provided to all the students. Professionally trained teachers and five non-

teaching staff were engaged. All the staff stayed in the campus for better care & supervision. No

fee were charged for bus or food and hostel from any student. W.F.P. provided funds were used for

engagement of teachers, provision of food, uniforms, medicines, play materials and

transportation etc. Another such type of institution for mentally challenged students was

"Ashakiran" in Nawarangpur district. Vocational training, proper diet, physical exercise, proper

learning system and hygienic environment are key words for holistic development of mentally

retarded children.

3. CREATION OF ASSETS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

The basic idea behind utilization of WFP generated fund was creation of community assets/

infrastructure which would help in improvement of socio-economic status of the villagers/WFP

beneficiaries who have been contributing towards this fund. Permanent assets which could be helpful

in improving the quality of life in the rural areas and also act as models for the surrounding areas were

to be created. The assets could be broadly classified into the following categories,

i. Buildings

ii. Provision of Water

iii. Roads

iv. Others

These assets were in addition to the renewable assets such as Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests,

Plantations etc. discussed under Forestry sector.


43

i. Buildings

Different types of buildings have been constructed out of the generated funds such as:

a. Food Storage Godowns - 40 nos in 13 Districts

b. NTFP storage Godowns - 500 nos in 8 Districts

c. Labour Sheds - 95 nos in 16 Districts

d. Kenduleaf Permanent Phadi Houses - 70 Nos in 2 Dist

e. Anganwadi Centres - 381 in 10 Dist

f. Awareness Centres - 1 in 1 Dist

a. Food Storage Godowns

Food Storage godowns

were constructed under the

Forest Department for

proper storage of food

grains. Now that, food grain

distribution has stopped,

these buildings are being

used as awareness centre as

well as training hall. 40 numbers of such go-downs have been constructed in 13 districts.

b. NTFP storage Godowns

To provide for storage of NTFP in the interim period between collection and disposal at the village level

500 NTFP godowns have been constructed in 11 districts as shown in the table.

Kandhamal - 59 Kalahandi - 45Koraput - 93Malkangiri - 37Nuapada - 43Boudh - 50

These buildings are presently used by the WSHG/VSS for storage of NTFP which are sold during the

lean period with a better profit margin and the villagers are earning good income.

Some of the NTFP Godowns are also used as Community meeting place and for non formal education.

Mayurbhanj - 44Nawarangpur - 37Rayagada - 32Sundargarh - 19Sambalpur - 41

44


c. Labour sheds

The Labour-Sheds were constructed to accommodate migratory labourers at the work place. 95

such sheds have been constructed in 16 districts.

d. Kenduleaves Permanent Phadi Houses

Kenduleaf binding workers work for around eight

months in a year with their family at different places in the

phadi houses. These labourers virtually live a major part of

their life as nomads. In fact most of WFP food commodities

were distributed to the kendu-leaf binding workers and they

have contributed a substantial amount to the WFP generated

fund.

Kenduleaf phadis are large sized storage spaces where the kenduleaf pluckers sell the leaves and after

drying the leaves are stored. These phadi houses are also used by the kenduleaf binding labourers as

temporary shelter at the time of processing and binding.

Permanent phadi houses not only provide better storage

facility for kendu l eaves but also provide better living

condition for the binding labourers. In total 70 KL Phadi

houses of permanent nature were constructed in

Kandhamal & Kalahandi districts (35 each]

Shelter for forest workers .

It was also felt necessary to provide forest workers with proper

overnight shelters, especially because there were a large number of

women involved in such activities. This need realization culminated in

constructing both permanent & temporary labour sheds and work sheds.

95 labour sheds and around 1000 temporary worksheds were constructed

during the project period.

e. Anganwadi Centres

Anganwadi Centres arc meant for integrated Child Development and

pregnant mothers. In most of the villages there was no separate Anganwadi

centre. It was observed that the ICDS could not effectively deliver unless

the basic infrastructure like a proper building was available. The generated

fund was used to strengthen the infrastructure under ICDS and 381

Anganwadi Centres were constructed in 10 different districts as per the list

indicated below.


45

f. Awareness Centres and Interpretation Centres

Infrastructure like awareness centres are used as common

platform for village level meetings crucial for decision making.

Their use in traditional festive occasions enhances social

cohesiveness of communities.

The Interpretation Centre at Daringbadi in the district of

Kandhamal has been constructed with the objective as decided

in the 37th SLCC .

“Considering the Govt. policy of gradual transfer of Forest

Management to the local communities through Forest Protection

Committees and Van Sanrakshan Samitis (VSS), there was a felt

need for capacity building of these VSS in sustainable Forest

Management. Daringbadi, being a typical representative of forest

ecosystem, would be an ideal place for locating the Training

Institute for capacity building of the VSS. Moreover, a Forest

Interpretation Centre would be quite useful in creating awareness

about the conservation of forest resources amongst the people in general and the VSS members in

particular."

ii. Provision of Water

Water scarcity is common in interior pockets, particularly in KBK region. Therefore WFP have

wisely thought to install tubewell including masonry pipelines for continuous supply of safe drinking

water. Needless to mention that such perennial supply of water is not only used for drinking purpose

but also is being used to irrigate their kitchengarden field for their daytoday nutritional support.

SLNo. Name of the District No. of AWCs

1. Koraput 108

2. Malkangiri 49

3. Nabrangpur 59

4. Rayagada 50

5. Kalahandi 50

6. Kendrapara 9

7. Jajpur 7

8. Boudh 3

9. Jagatsingpur 11

10. Kandhamal 35

Total: 381

46


Similarly, creation of ponds / WHS (Water Harvesting Structure) facilitates regular irrigation to

agricultural fields besides, bathing and other household use.

Some of these matters have been discussed earlier.

In a nutshell the following facilities have been created for

providing water.

Tube Wells 843 nos

Dug Wells 173 nos

Check Dams 103 nos

Tank/Ponds 79 nos

iii. Roads

Several remote areas remain inaccessible due to

want of communication facilities. WFP has taken a small

step for creating this asset. This has been discussed

under the section "connectivity".

iv. Others

Other Infrastructures include

School/ Hostel buildings - 14 nos

Van Chetana Kendra - 8 nos (Forest Awareness Center)

Rangers training Centre - 1 no

Community Platforms - 15 nos

Improved Cow Sheds/Cow Bank - 1 no


47

4. INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES.

WFP felt that the requirement of communities go beyond food for

work, infrastructure development and natural resource management. There

was urgent need to create opportunities for additional income to improve the

quality of life which could be possible only with adequate support in terms of

exposure and knowledge of improved agricultural techniques, formalizing

people into Institutions such as SHGs, VDCs etc., capacity building, training,

empowering women and developing child care along with other activities

included in Phase I.

Lessons learnt whi le

implementing activities during

Phase I helped W.F.P in shaping Phase II & III

programmes in terms of emergence of another category

of main intervention such as Integrated Tribal and Rural

Livelihood Initiatives under which various income

generation activities were taken up.

Income generation activities, although fluctuating year

after year depending upon the climatic conditions and

LIST OF ASSETS CREATED

Sl.No. NameoftheAsset Nos.

1. Dug Well 173

2. Check Dam 103

3. Labourshed 95

4. K.L. Phadis 70

;5. l ood Storage Godown 40

6. Multipurpose Community Centre 24

7 Forest Awareness Center 19

8. Food Distribution Centre 155

9. Rice Huller 12

10. School & Hostel Building 14

11 J.F.M meeting/Training Room 25

12. Tank/Fond 79

13. I CDS Godown 23

14. Tube Well 843

48


local constraints beyond the control of beneficiaries, can be categorized as

A. Farming

B. Non Farming

C. Forest based

A. Farming

With provision of assured irrigation by creation of water harvesting structures (WHS), dug well,

provision of pump sets, renovation of ponds / tanks along with canal structure etc. the following

farming activities were taken up in villages. Increasing trend year after year speaks of self motivation

on the part of beneficiaries for these activities.

Under Farming sector, some Income generation activities are for individuals and some are for

community.

INDIVIDUAL INCOME

a) Vegetable Cultivation

Provision of assured

irrigation and timely supply

of improved seeds have

encouraged SHG members

to take up kitchen garden &

vegetable crops in their

h o m e s t e a d l a n d a n d

available agricultural fields.

Cultivation of crops such as

brinjal, tomato, potato, beans, radish etc. became more visible. The produce is primarily consumed by

the beneficiary households improving the nutritional status of their food, and the balance is disposed

of in local market or through

vendors, there by providing extra

income to the household. This

activity has to some extent lessened

the food insecurity scenario in

villages. Some beneficiaries /

villagers, being motivated, have

demanded more dug wells and

canal system etc. to enhance this

type of farming. This activity is

prominently visible in villages such

as Talalimka in Koraput District,

Taming Jhara in Rayagada District, Barangpalli and Bada Tema in Koraput District , Bearpanga and

Malabhuin in Kandhamal District.


49

b) Hoticulture (Fruit tree cultivation)

Improved varieties of fruit species such as mango, coconut, and

banana have been supplied to the villagers through SHGs during

period of project implementation. Crop like banana has yielded very

good economic returns to the beneficiaries in target villages.

Surviving fruit bearing trees like mango, coconut have started

yielding fruits giving recurrent annual income to the growers.

c) Ginger & Turmeric Cultivation

Traditionally tribals cultivate these two crops and after

meeting their domestic requirements, surplus is sold in the local

market generally at a cheaper price. Sometimes they were being

cheated by local traders both in terms of volume / weight

measurements and payments. After WFP intervention, there has

been increase in area under such cultivation where local site

conditions were favourable. Skill up gradation due to exposure &

vocational training, facilitated value addition, proper marketing

and better price. Beneficiaries through SHGs sell their duly

labeled, packaged products in Adivasi Exhibition/ Melas at attractive prices ensuring better income for

the family. Such efforts are visible in villages like Bearpanga & Malabhuin in Kandhamal District,

Limpada & Jakabahali in Kalahandi District and Rajikakhol in Kandhamal District.

COMMUNITY INCOME

d) Pisciculture

Renovating existing

ponds & water bodies

and creation of tanks

with assured stagnant

water have promoted

f i s h c u l t iva t i o n i n

remote villages. With

a c q u i s i t i o n o f

knowledge / ski l ls

villagers, under banner

o f V. D . C . , r e l e a s e

improved varieties of

fish seeds in water bodies and sell produce at appropriate price earning sizeable financial return for

the village. Their efforts are being encouraged by NGOs and Fishery Dept.

50


e) Cashewnut Cultivation

Areas in district like Koraput, Nabarangpur are

congenial for cashew cultivation. Large scale cultivation

by farmers & Cashew Development Corporation is

observed in this tract. High yielding hybrid seedlings of

cashew are easily available & villagers of Damarjodi,

Barangpalli & Tentulipadar in Jeypur Forest Division,

Talalimka of Koraput Division, both in Koraput District,

have taken up plantation of cashewnut (hybrid) in their

fields as well as in Govt. wasteland within the village

limits. Pattas for usufruct rights have been granted by

Revenue Dept. Income from this crop is substantial,

enhancing the economic condition of Villagers.

B. Non Farming Activity

INDIVIDUAL INCOME

a. Mushroom Cultivation

Taking advantage of training/ exposure many SHG

members have taken up mushroom cultivation and earn

substantial additional income. 71 beneficiaries have

been supported for Mushroom cultivation.

b. Tailoring Machines

Tailoring machines have been provided to 8 individual beneficiaries who after training earn

their livelihood through it. This has also created additional opportunity to earn livelihood for others.

c. Vermicompost

As a result of adequate vocational training & exposure

some SHG Members have taken up making of vermicompost

successfully. A sizeable financial

return to the community is

reported in villages such as

M o t a g a n d a , T a l a l i m k a ,

Chintaliguda, Barangpalli. SHGs

sell vermin (earth worms) as well

as vermicompost to other farmers

/ dealers. As the market for the

produce is good, successful vermicompost structures have come up in many

villages.


51

d. Poultry

Poultry is a conventional practice of tribals and therefore

readily accepted. Improved variety of Chicks such as Banaraji

were supplied to 653 families.

e. Piggery

32 House holds have been supported for Piggery

f. Duckery

30 Households have been supported for Duckery activities.

g. Honey Bee keeping

Honey Bee keeping is an important Income generation activity

particularly in Mayurbhanj District. Processing and marketing

support is provided by the NGO

"SAMBANDH". 91 households have

been supported for this activity.

Other Income generation

activities such as Dairy and Pottery

etc are supported through SHGs.

h. Other Income generation activities such as Dairy and Pottery etc are supported through SHGs

52


COMMUNITY INCOME

a. Rice huller

Installation of Rice huller in villages like

Motaganda, Hansa, Talalimka, Chintaliguda, Kanikupa,

Jugsaipatana by SHGs or V D C is giving sizeable financial

returns to the Villagers.

A table showing achievement under various activities to

aid income generation to the poor households is

provided below.

ACHIEVEMENT OF INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES(PHASEWISE)

1 2 3 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Pumpsets (nos.) Grain Banks/Bins (nos.) NTPP Trading groups (nos.) Kitchen garden (ha)

Irrigation Canal (no)/Km

RLP Groups

(no)

Horticulture (ha)/HH

Ginger and Turmeric Cultivation

Pisciculture (units)

Poultry (house hold)

Piggery(house hold)

K.B. Pumps (nos.)

Honey bee keeping(no of ( HH)

Mushroom cultivation (HH)

Leaf Plate Machines (nos.)

Cashew Plantation (ha)

Tamarind for Trading Seedling Machine (HH)

Duckery ( HH )

Garlic cultivation (HH)

Tailoring Trading (H H)

Rice Huller & Dal Processing (nos.)

Sunflower cultivation (Ac.)

Supply of improved seeds (HH)

Vermi Compost (Units.)

Banana Plantation.(ha)

94 355 42

2605

10/22.7

261

77.5 Ha/790 HH

162.5

63

653

32

96

91

71

62

272.2

1

30

20

8

12

2

40

81

6

ACTIVITY ACHIEVEMENTPHASE -II


53

C) FOREST BASED

Wherever NTFP are available in sufficient quantity in local areas, such as Harida Bahada, Aonla,

Siali leaves etc, NTFP based activities were also taken up for generating additional income to the

households.

a) Micro Trading of NTFP

Seasonal fruits such as Harida, Bahada Aonla are

collected by S H G members in large scale and after

drying in yards they are stored in N T F P godowns

constructed through WFP. These products are sold to the

traders in lean season at higher prices. Similarly Mohua

flowers are collected/purchased in season by SHGs and

stored in the Godowns after drying. The stock is sold to

traders in lean period at almost double the collection

price leading to accrual of sizeable profit to SHG

members.

b) Tamarind Processing

SHG member purchase tamarind available in their village and after deseeding with the help of

machines provided, the products are packaged and marketed in exhibition/mela giving better

price to the SHG members. Villages visibly involved in this activity are Hansa, Talalirnka,

Bearpanga. Brief description with photographs are given in boxes.

c) Stiching of Siali Leaves

Siali leaf plate making is an age old practice of tribal communities. WFP intervention provided

new skills for enhancing the usual income. For stitching of Siali leaf plates, stitching machines

along with training were provided. This activity fetches substantial income to the households

particularly in villages Bearpanga of Kandhamal District & Limpada & Kendumundi villages of

Kalahandi District.

54


d) Hill Broom processing

Making of broom by collecting grass (hill

broom) from the forest was taken up in large scale in

Kalahandi and Rayagada district as an alternative

source of income. Because of high demand of such

brooms, both in rural as well as urban areas, it is

rewarding business to women SHGs.

Kitchen gardens

200 households along with the primary

school in Madanmohanpur have developed kitchen

garden and are utilizing the vegetables for their

personal use. They are not selling it to outsiders. The

objective of this programme is to provide nutritional

support to the family and promote organic farming.

'SAMBANDH' distributed improved vegetable seed

kits having seeds of brinjal, tomato, chilli and lutia

leaves etc. in the village. The villagers, who were also

provided with dug well, utilized these seeds and

raised kitchen garden.

In the village Khajuriput in Koraput district the tribals very rarely consume vegetables. Womens

Organisation of Rural Development (WORD) intervened to improve the nutritional intake of food.

Accordingly kitchen garden and fruit garden in the backyard of around 60 households were raised. 900

packets of kitchen garden seeds comprising of brinjal, tomato, beans, lady finger, radish, pumpkin

were supplied. Fruit bearing plants like 2000 mango sapling, 1000 tissue culture banana along with

papaya & guava were also provided.

5. NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT.

RAIKAKHOL MICROPLAN -KANDHAMAL DISTRICT

Kitchen gardens in each household backyard were

established to provide fresh, organic, green vegetables with an

intention of improving nutritional intake of the house holds.

Saplings of fruit bearing species like grafted mango, papaya,

coconut, lemon and drumstick were also supplied to the

villagers at their door-steps to plant near their house. The NGO

"ATMA" (Agriculture Training & Management) was roped in for

formation of one Krisaka Manch in the village, who is providing

training and exposure to the villagers on various aspects of agriculture and farming.

In a nutshell, the life style of the villagers has begun to show sign of positive change.


55

6. FFHD [FOOD FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT):

FFHD programme was initiated during 2004 in 16 villages on pilot basis to explore the real

reason behind the deplorable state of human development .The main objectives of the programme

were educational promotion, health and sanitation development and nutritional security.

Under FFHD cement concrete roads along with side drainage facilities have been constructed as

permanent communication facility and to maintain village sanitation. Besides, cow-sheds with

concrete flooring have been constructed to provide better sanitation and dairy development.

The WFP initiative ensured that the participation of women in all such activities was higher than

that of men so that they are directly benefited in terms of employment and also able to take rations to

their home ensuring food security of the poor women, particularly mothers and children. Recognizing

that women are key to improving house hold food security, WFP supported activities that increased

women's access to markets and trade. In a village Chintaliguda of Tadama G.P. of Rayagada C.D. Blcok in

Rayagada district, the male members of the village complemented that the WFP activities had made

their womenfolk real traders and businesswomen. This is nothing but a tribute to women

empowerment in the village.

Phase Female Beneficiaries Male Beneficiaries

Phase 1 1,91,43,280 1,76,70,720

Phase 2 48,68,689 49,15,310

Phase 3 58,89,496 33,51,541

56


Mission Prushty (Ame bi Paaribu):

WFP in Odisha initiated an innovative approach called "Positive Deviance Approach" with an objective

to reduce and prevent the malnutrition among children below 3 years and to promote early child

development through positive child care practices by involving the community. For this purpose

project villages were selected through bimonthly survey, giving priority to villages where moderate

and severely malnourished children in the 0-3 years age group are more in number. Mothers of

malnourished children were given hands on practice sessions on best child care practices such as

nutritional feeding, health, hygiene and psycho-social care to avoid infant mortality etc. 100 percent

immunization, de-worming, vitamin-A supplementation etc. were also ensured. "Pilakaudinis"

(crèche managers) were also engaged who took care of children of working mothers, especially when

their mothers were away from home during working hours.

intensive Intervention Project (IIP): .

During the period from September 2000 to March 2002, in 92 villages of Semiliguda, Pottangi and

Laxmipur blocks of Koraput district a pilot project called IIP, under WFP food assistance was

implemented by two reputed local NGOs "Aggragammi" and "WIDA". The main objective of the

programme was to enhance short and long term food security of these vulnerable villages in a

sustainable way. Under the above programme 2,646 families of the district were benefited. Various

interventions under this programme included creation of community assets like water harvesting

structures, raising of plantations, infrastructure development like construction & repair of roads,

shelters, godowns and community centers, improving individual assets like compost pits, grain banks

etc. A remarkable achievement is arresting or minimizing "podu-chas" (shifting cultivation) through

provision of income generation activities in non-farm sectors.


57

C H A P T E R - V

Road Ahead

World Food Programme intervention started in Odisha in 1986 and continued up to 2008. During

this, almost twenty five years, intervention period WFP adopted two pronged strategies; directly

providing food aid at a very subsidized rate as a supplement to wage labour and on the other hand

integrating food aid with other human development sectors, such as health, education, women

empowerment and natural resource development with positive synergic effect.

One of the interesting finding in podu ravaged Koraput and Rayagada district is the decline in

podu chas (shifting cultivation). Tribals in many targeted villages have almost abandoned podu

chas and are busy

growing crops (one

main crop and one

v e g e t a b l e c r o p )

around the canals

and water channels

a r o u n d w a t e r

h a r v e s t i n g

structures.

Another important outcome is injection of a sense of confidence in the attitude of the poor and

underprivileged. Institutional framework created during the course of the programme ensures

that tribal & other poor backward households no longer remain "passive" beneficiaries; but are

actively involved and participate in decision making process relating to their own upliftment.

Women's empowerment is a major achievement of WFP. Lack of access to institutional credit was

a major barrier in economic development of tribal communities. Hence the World Food

n

n

n

58


Programme promoted Women Self Help Groups (WSHG) in targeted villages and provided a

revolving fund to them for this purpose. Handling internal loaning and monthly subscription gave

required training and confidence to the members in handling finances, book keeping and SHG

management. Banks also came forward for providing credit facilities. Loans were used for

consumption, repayment of loan taken from moneylenders, for farming, trade and business like

goatery, pisciculture, NTFP collection and marketing etc. With women as stake holders and key

players, leakages of fund reduced and management and accountability improved. This would help

in ensuring food security in future.

Lot of assets were created using WFP generated fund of (Given in Annexure J). As communities and

households were closely associated with their planning and operation they are better utilized and

sustained even today.

Since the mid-1990s, NGOs became an integral part of WFP's development activities outside of

forestry and forest related programmes. They helped in formulation of micro-plans and sectoral

programmes by using participatory appraisal method where people's visions were

conceptualized for holistic development of villages.

Another outcome of the programme, quite visible in the tribal dominated districts, is social

integration. Previously Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste people were never coming together.

But because of programme intervention, they are now sharing the same platform, irrespective of

caste and creed, and speaking in unison for the development of the village.

The institutional framework created through the World Food Programme such as Self Help

Groups, Village Development Committees play a significant role in bringing together all the

villagers to a single platform and strengthen the JFM as well as other participatory activities.

Engagement of animators in the micro-plan villages by WFP was a very positive step. The

animators were trained properly to ensure coordination among villagers, assisting WSHG

members in maintaining bank account and in marketing the produce. Taking cue from WFP, later

on JBIC also engaged "animators" in targeted villages,

Most important and redeeming contribution of the project is creation as well as enhancement of

livelihood opportunities of the villagers through land & water management, participatory forest

protection, improvement of agricultural productivity, collective marketing and better access to

credit and finance.

In a nutshell, the WFP in Odisha has been successful in its endeavour to address food insecurity in

the state and attempted to eliminate, in the long run, food insecurity and need for further food

assistance by creating various development opportunities from WFP generated fund in its limited

targeted area, population.

n

n

n

n

n

n


59

C H A P T E R - VI

OBDA as Successor of WFP

The World Food Programme has since discontinued its operation in Odisha from the year 2008.

Before winding up this Organization Govt has declared Director WFP as State Mission Director of Orissa

Bamboo development Agency to implement the centrally sponsored scheme of National Bamboo Mission.

The Organization is now simultaneously looking after the closer procedures of WFP and Odisha Bamboo

Devlopment Agency.

60


Reference

1. WFP - Govt. of India; Project 2685 - Socio-Economic Development

through Forestry Activities in Odisha.

2. Operational Contract; Project 5569 ~ Improvement of Food Security

through Forestry Activities in Tribal areas of Bihar, Odisha,

Madhyapradesh, U.P. & Rajsthan.

3. Food for Work - WFP Activity No. IND 10107.0 Act 3

4. Human Development Report - 2004 - P&C Deptt., Govt. of Odisha

5. Reducing Hunger - Tackling Poverty - WFP Country Programme Report

1997-2002

6. World Food Programme [2002), Community Level Food Insecurity and

Vulnerability in the villages of Odisha.

7. Tacking Hunger : United Nations WFP's effort to help eliminate Food

Insecurity in India.

8. A Right to Live - Addressing Tribal Rights in Odisha : Food Insecurity &

Livelihood Enhancement - OTELP Programme Support Unit

9. Food Security Atlas of Rural Odisha - UNWFP


61

SL

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0

23

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2

- -

- -

-

13

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yp

ore

(P

lan

.)

17

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7

43

7.0

23

4

5.5

10

4

5.5

10

-

- -

- -

14

. K

eon

jhar

(A

ffn

.)

60

.00

0

42

1.7

78

4

7.9

58

4

8.0

72

-

- -

- -

15

. K

ora

pu

t (

Aff

n.)

9

1.0

29

8

18

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5

10

0.9

61

8

9.8

37

9

73

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-

64

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80

1

39

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50

1

0.0

80

0

16

. K

ora

pu

t(P

lan

.)

60

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1

1,0

41

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4

11

0.4

47

1

09

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3

54

4.7

71

8

- 3

5.0

47

4

- -

17

. R

ayag

ada

(Aff

n.)

1

01

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2

64

1.5

94

7

3.5

93

7

4.5

73

5

04

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-

36

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34

1

49

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00

9

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66

18

. R

ou

rkel

a (A

ffn

.)

12

0.8

46

9

61

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3

10

1.2

50

1

06

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3

- -

- -

-

19

. Sa

mb

alp

ur

(Aff

n.)

1

03

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5

28

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75

3

5.6

00

3

7.0

48

-

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- -

T

ota

l 1

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36

7

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8

42

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0

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2

31

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68

5

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53

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46

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25

29

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32

SIM

ILIP

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FO

RE

ST

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VE

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PM

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PO

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N

01

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haw

anip

atn

a

50

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4

55

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7

11

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4

11

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0

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-

02

. Ja

jpu

r R

oad

6

8.7

20

5

27

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9

60

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2

58

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5

- -

- -

-

03

. K

eon

jhar

(P)

- 9

0.8

00

9

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7

9.0

80

-

- -

- -

04

. R

&D

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ipad

a

- 1

11

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6

6.6

16

6

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1

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- -

-

05

. Sp

l.Pla

n.C

utt

ack

-

51

.82

8

5.1

85

5

.18

5

- -

- -

-

T

ota

l 1

19

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4

83

6.4

10

9

2.4

64

9

1.0

31

-

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- -

O

FC

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. 3

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4.8

69

1

9,3

98

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9

1,9

86

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2

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51

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5

3,4

19

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43

6

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04

2

64

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94

2

87

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44

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99

1

KE

ND

UL

EA

VE

S W

ING

01

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ngu

l (K

L)

15

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5

49

7.5

02

4

3.7

97

5

0.4

95

9

47

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65

-

64

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20

-

-

02

. A

thm

alli

k (

KL

) 1

6.0

00

7

33

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8

69

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9

72

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9

78

9.9

88

0

- 6

4.6

64

0

- -

03

. B

haw

anip

atn

a (K

L)

68

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9

69

2.7

79

7

3.1

52

7

4.3

63

1

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9.0

34

5

1.4

99

6

10

0.7

22

5

1,0

08

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35

8

1.8

70

2

04

. B

ola

ngi

r (K

L)

15

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5

95

9.4

20

8

5.2

25

9

7.5

02

1

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8.7

81

0

1.3

20

6

85

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52

4

0.0

01

0

3.1

00

0

05

. B

ou

dh

(KL

) 1

5.0

00

3

12

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4

33

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7

30

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0

88

5.7

70

0

- 7

0.0

37

6

30

.00

00

2

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00

64


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

1

06

. D

eogo

rh (

KL

) 1

5.0

00

5

28

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7

43

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4

53

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2

1,0

84

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00

-

72

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00

-

-

07

. Jh

arsu

gud

a (K

L)

10

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5

46

2.7

55

4

1.0

73

4

7.6

78

8

86

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00

-

61

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00

4

0.0

00

0

3.2

00

0

08

. K

eon

jhar

(K

L)

10

.00

0

37

0.3

00

3

5.9

25

3

8.0

18

9

01

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40

-

58

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30

-

-

09

. K

har

iar

(KL

) 1

2.0

00

3

91

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1

30

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8

38

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9

44

1.8

73

0

- 2

7.9

27

0

15

.00

00

-

10

. K

uch

ind

a (K

L)

50

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0

53

8.1

82

5

9.6

22

5

9.1

83

1

,18

6.4

00

0

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6.2

96

8

- -

11

. P

adm

apu

r (K

L)

73

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9

91

4.2

33

8

3.7

54

9

4.6

99

1

,68

8.6

04

0

1.5

08

8

12

8.8

15

2

40

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00

3

.20

00

12

. P

atn

agar

h (

KL

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9.0

77

1

,44

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26

1

35

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5

13

9.1

88

1

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2.7

86

2

2.7

11

7

16

7.8

17

7

40

.00

56

3

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98

13

. P

hu

lban

i (K

L)

10

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4

70

3.7

92

6

4.6

47

6

9.4

95

9

15

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70

-

72

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86

7

85

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00

6

1.4

00

0

14

. R

aira

kh

ol (

KL

) 1

4.9

05

4

11

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8

40

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5

37

.24

2

80

3.9

52

5

- 3

6.5

89

3

40

.00

00

3

.20

00

15

. R

ou

rkel

a (K

L)

45

.00

0

72

7.6

25

7

6.8

13

7

7.1

19

1

,44

5.5

80

0

2.3

92

0

96

.49

82

-

-

16

. Sa

mb

alp

ur

(KL

) 6

1.4

63

4

75

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8

51

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5

50

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0

1,0

29

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50

0

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00

4

8.2

97

0

40

.00

00

3

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00

17

. T

itil

agar

h (

KL

) 9

6.6

77

7

65

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9

76

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4

90

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5

1,5

43

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05

2

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88

1

26

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69

6

1.8

22

5

4.9

01

8

T

ota

l 5

88

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9 1

0,9

31

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20

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8,9

30

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12

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15

1,3

69

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10

2,1

40

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26

16

9.7

41

8

WIL

DL

IFE

WIN

G

01

. D

ir, N

and

ank

anan

(W

L)

7

4.5

85

2

69

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7

27

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6

31

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6

- -

- -

-

02

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han

dak

a (W

L)

40

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0

10

9.2

60

1

3.1

64

1

4.7

49

-

- -

- -

03

. Sa

tko

sia

(WL

) 1

5.6

18

2

32

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4

25

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7

24

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4

- -

- -

04

. C

han

db

ali (

WL

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20

6.3

45

2

0.3

55

2

0.3

55

-

- -

- -

05

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iger

Res

erve

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ipad

a (W

L)

10

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7

92

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4

9.5

77

1

0.7

56

8

.00

00

0.6

40

0

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06

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ajn

agar

(W

L)

6.1

52

5

3.2

20

5

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1

5.9

38

-

- -

- -

07

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hil

ika

(WL

) 5

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4

10

2.3

48

9

.94

9

10

.39

0

- -

- -

-

08

. Su

nab

eda

(WL

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47

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6

4.7

79

4

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1

- -

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-

T

ota

l 1

51

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6

1,1

13

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4

11

6.7

18

1

22

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9

8.0

00

0

0

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00

-

-


65

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

1

P

AP

ER

MIL

LS

01

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agad

a(P

aper

Mil

l)

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37

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30

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47

3

49

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2

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9.0

00

0

17

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00

0

02

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ilt,

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po

re(P

aper

Mil

l)

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16

93

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4

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51

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00

0

03

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Ch

ou

dw

ar(P

aper

Mil

l)

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76

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75

1

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46

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85

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04

-

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04

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P,Sa

mb

alp

ur(

Pap

er M

ill)

-

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00

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25

1

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14

0

92

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T

ota

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TD

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t

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ush

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kan

giri

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VA

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gpu

r

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99

0

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HA

RM

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dh

amal

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AK

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Ray

agad

a

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00

0

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I D

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ora

pu

t -

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ariv

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i -

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lvic

ult

uri

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ayag

ada

-

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30

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00

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00

11

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-IT

DA

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rap

ut

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3.5

00

0

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75

0

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00

0

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50

12

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GO

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agam

i -

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0

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60

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00

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T

ota

l 2

6.1

05

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24

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66


Q

ua

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in M

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lses

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PH

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PH

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Ann

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Sl.

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ame

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Dis

tric

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TF

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Go

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To

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TS

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NF

RA

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RU

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UR

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Ann

exur

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II

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ity

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r &

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Pro

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terp

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e (

Dar

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rest

Ro

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Km

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ed B

ank

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ange

Off

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n C

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nit

atio

n W

ork

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OT

HE

RS

68


Ann

exur

e - I

V


69

INF

RA

ST

RU

CT

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1

An

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14

-

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9

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11

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14

K

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3

4

MA

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IN

TE

RV

EN

TIO

NS

Ann

exur

e - I

V (

A)

70


F

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T D

EV

EL

OP

ME

NT

SL

Nam

e o

f th

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ce

RD

F

Blo

ck /

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ed

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eck

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s JF

M

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ro-p

lan

s Se

cto

ral P

lan

No

. d

istr

ict

of

Fore

st R

oad

(i

n k

ms)

P

lan

tati

on

s (i

n H

a)

Pla

nta

tio

ns

(i

n H

a)

(in

No

s)

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ro-p

lan

s

(in

No

s)

(in

No

s)

(in

No

s)

1

An

gu

l 7

1

50

0

0

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aso

re

0

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lan

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1

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k

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7

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hen

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8

Deo

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9

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apat

i 0

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jam

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9

0

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11

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r 0

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0

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and

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58

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7

4

15

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alk

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21

M

ayu

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28

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0

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8

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1

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22

N

ayag

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0

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0

23

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ow

ran

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0

50

0

0

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24

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9

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uri

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6

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agad

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2

27

So

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ur

0

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28

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mb

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ur

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90

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29

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nd

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10

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ota

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68

4.8

1

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3

7

16

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33

Ann

exur

e - I

V (

B)


71

SL

No

. N

ame

of

the

dis

tric

t

FO

RE

ST

DE

VE

LO

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EN

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LO

PM

EN

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Hea

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s T

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/ D

ug

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ls

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W

ork

Fo

od

fo

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on

[S

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(D

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ther

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ren

of

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L]

bin

din

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1

An

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41

0

4

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0

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0

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2

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30

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3

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lan

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35

6

0

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1

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4

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6

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C

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41

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0

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0

7

D

hen

kn

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60

0

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21

5

0

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0

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0

8

D

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rh

24

0

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5

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0

0

0

0

9

Gaj

apat

i 2

0

0

4

- 0

0

0

0

0

1

0

Gan

jam

2

91

0

1

3

12

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

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ur

0

0

3

- 0

0

0

0

0

12

Ja

gats

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pu

r 0

0

0

-

0

0

0

0

0

13

Jh

arsu

gud

a

10

0

5

-

0

0

0

0

0

14

K

and

ham

al

57

1

6

67

3

3

2

0

1

1

30

1

5

Kal

ahan

di

43

2

6

48

2

2

1

0

1

1

28

1

6

Kh

urd

a

0

0

32

-

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17

K

eon

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2

53

0

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0

5

0

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0

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5

18

K

end

rap

ara

0

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3

-

0

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0

0

19

K

ora

pu

t 7

39

6

8

4

48

1

1

10

4

1

1

0

20

M

alk

angi

ri

89

3

2

4

3

1

23

1

1

0

2

1

May

urb

han

j 2

46

0

3

7

12

0

0

0

0

0

2

2

Nay

agar

h

0

0

17

-

0

0

0

0

0

23

N

ow

ran

gpu

r 3

1

3

9

7

1

22

1

1

0

2

4

Nu

apad

a 3

8

0

24

-

0

0

0

0

10

2

5

Pu

ri

33

0

0

0

9

0

0

0

0

0

26

R

ayag

ada

6

6

3

26

1

0

0

1

1

0

27

So

nep

ur

0

0

3

- 0

0

0

0

0

2

8

Sam

bal

pu

r 7

17

0

8

2

7

0

0

0

0

0

29

Su

nd

arga

rh

37

4

0

10

5

2

0

0

0

0

10

To

tal

54

23

2

7

84

3

17

3

16

1

49

6

6

1

00

Ann

exur

e - I

V (

C)

72


Annexure - V

PHASE - I

MICRO - PLANS

1 Angul DFO, Angul

Govt. Agency

Dahimala

2 Kalahandi

OXFAM

NGO

Pearmal and Dukibandal

3 Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Sudreju, Karandimaska and Adimunda

4 Kandhamal

Tagor Society

NGO

RabingiafFive Villages)

5 Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Goghulasahi, Dehengi, Bandhasahi and Charipada

6 Keonjhar

DFO, Keonjhar

Govt. Agency

Gonasika (Upparrahida)

7 Keonjhar

DFO, Keonjhar

Govt. Agency

Sikulapada

8 Keonjhar PRADAN NGO Sanapadar, Bizapara and Sumantha

9 Koraput IAEET NGO Buturuguda 10 Koraput

SNEH

NGO

Village

11 Mayurbhanj

DFO, Baripada

Govt. Agency

Bhandarikula, Jagarnathpure & Godhinisola

12 Mayurbhanj

Adharasila

NGO

Ramachandrapur

13 Mayurbhanj

SODA

NGO

Saratchandrapur

14 Mayurbhanj

SHEAVA

NGO

Mudrajodi, Haladipani and Alubani

15 Mayurbhanj

YRDO

NGO

Ambadiha Rehablitation Colony

16 Sundargarh DFO, Bonai Govt. Agency Barghat cluster Village

17 Sundargarh CYSD NGO Lefripada(Five Village)

18 Kalahandi CPSW NGO 10 Villages of Komana Block

19 Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Similipal Area and Ranivola

20 Mayurbhanj

SSADRI

NGO

Sabai Grass Cultivation and rope making

21 Boudh Banadurga

NGO

Pilot Project Tailoring Training Centreat Charichhak and Jhadrajing

22 Khurdha

Silviculturist

Govt. Agency

Seedbank

PHASE - II

MICRO - PLANS

1 Kalahandi

DFO, Kalahandi(S)

Govt. Agency

Badabanigaon

2 Kalahandi

RK-ASHRAM

NGO

Jukabahali

3 Kalahandi

Parrivartan

NGO

Vejiguda Amthaguda

4 Kalahandi

LAVS

NGO

Padampur

5 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(S) Govt. Agency KhamanKhunti

SECTORAL - PLANS


73

6 Kalahandi RK-ASHRAM NGO Motogonda, Sumbipada

7

Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi

(N)

Govt. Agency

Kinipadar

8

Kalahandi

DFO, Kalahandi (N)

Govt. Agency

Kurmachuan

9

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Badabaraba

10

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Bhutadi

11

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Tenderanga

12

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Malabhuin

13

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Kutiguda

14

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Kadamba

15

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Budulipadar

16

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Ranaba

17

Kandhamal

AJSS

NGO

Pikadei

18

Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Balisugri

19

Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Kurupadi

20

Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Lambabadi

21

Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Nagleju

22

Kandhamal

CHARM

NGO

Saratpaju

23

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Sulumbi

24

Kandhamal

NIRR

NGO

Lambakupa, Patingia

25 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Sarupada

26 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Kaliamba

27 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Ranipathar

28 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Karad Kumpa

29 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Pokari

30 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Panaspadar

31 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Mallerigaon

32 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Saratguda 33

Kandhamal

IS WERT

NGO

Irripiguda

34

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Batipada

35

Kandhamal

IRDMS

NGO

Pangarpadi, Dupi, Ranndanga

36

Kandhamal

IS WERT

NGO

Tangom

37

Kandhamal

IS WERT

NGO

Pikusi

38

Kandhamal

Pradan

NGO

Dingelikia

39 Koraput HRDC NGO Tala Ganjeipadar

40 Koraput IAEET NGO Damarjodi

41 Koraput IAEET NGO Debtadangar

74


42 Koraput IAEET NGO Dudhbeda

43 Koraput IAEET NGO Kalia Atal

44 Koraput IAEET NGO Nuaguda

45 Koraput SPREAD NGO Dandakhal

46 Koraput IAEET NGO Bondakatra

47 Koraput NISRED NGO Totaguda

48 Koraput IAEET NGO Aunlajodi

49 Koraput SPREAD NGO Goelkund

50 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Putraguda, Kadamguda, Kenduguda

51 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Siadimal

52 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Tentulipadar

53 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Bhaluguda

54 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Chartra, Ranitota, Kapuguda

55 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Chatra

56 Koraput WORD NGO 10 Villages

57 Koraput Vikash NGO 100 Villages of Nandapur Block

58 Koraput SPREAD NGO 11 Villages(Ramgiri)

59 Koraput WIDA NGO 15 Vilages

60 Koraput IAEET NGO 3 Vill in Kusumuguda, Bondakatra, Thatpodar,

Dakaara, Balipeta

61 Koraput KFA NGO 4 Villages in Umiri GP

62 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Bhaliaguda

63 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Kadamguda

64 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Koilipari

65 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Rampur

66 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Tentuliguda

67 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Pakhnaguda

68 Malkangiri IAEET NGO Semilliguda

69 Mayurbhanj Pradan NGO Bajenisila

70 Mayurbhanj Pradan NGO Kasibeda

71 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bhuyan Basa

72 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Asanbani

73 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Nuagaon, Angargadia

74 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Chandan Chaturi

75 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Haladia

76 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Jaganathpur, Bhandarikula, Gidinisole(Ph-II)


75

77 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Ghusuria 78

Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Bagh lata

79

Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Chiliriposi -

Kanjiapal

80

Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Kalikapur

81

Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Lunadiha

82

Mayurbhanj

DFO, Karanjia

Govt. Agency

Patiapada

83

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowarangpur

Govt. Agency

Ranisola

84

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowarangpur

Govt. Agency

Parliguda

85

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Kusuku

86

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Pandrapada

87

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Dumeniheju

88

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Hansa Central Nursery

89

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Kapadanga

90

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Nalchua

91

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Taming and Jhara

92

Sundargarh

DFO, Sundargarh

Govt. Agency

Rathakhandi

93

Sundargarh

DFO, Sundargarh

Govt. Agency

Jamujharia

SECTORAL PLANS

94

Kalahandi

RK-ASHRAM

NGO

1 Kamadhenu Cow Bank Project

95

Kalahandi

Parrivartan

NGO

15 Village in Karlapat GP

96

Kandhamal

GITA

NGO

1 Village Brahamanapada

97

Mayurbhanj

SSADRI

NGO

40 Hamlet Villages

98

Mayurbhanj

J.F.RC

NGO

5 Villages in Budhikhamari

99

Mayurbhanj

DAS I

NGO

6 Villages

100

Mayurbhanj

Pradan

NGO

60

Village Samrudhi

PHASE -

III

MICRO-PLANS

l Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi[N] Govt. Agency Sukunabhata

2 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(N) Govt. Agency Podakham

3 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(S) Govt. Agency Limpada

4 Kalahandi Field Unit, Bhawanipatna

Kanikupa

5 Kalahandi DAPTA NGO Kanarla

6 Kalahandi LAVS NGO Jugsaipatna

7 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(N) Govt. Agency Kendumundi

76


8 Kandhamal IS WERT NGO Deogarh 9

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Satamaska

10

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Jargi

11

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Jampadar

12

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Burlubaru

13

Kandhamal

DFO, Balliguda

Govt. Agency

Batamaha in Kotagarh Sanctuar

14

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Gosama

15

Kandhamal

NIRR

NGO

Bearpanga

16

Kandhamal

NIRR

NGO

Gunjikupa

17

Kandhamal

NIRR

NGO

Tumuskia

18

Kandhamal

PAHAD

NGO

Janmeni

19

Kandhamal

Field Unit, Phulbani

Rajikakhol

20

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Biraguda

21

Kandhamal

DFO, Phulbani

Govt. Agency

Rubipidai

22

Koraput

Field Unit Koraput

Talalimika

23

Koraput

DFO, Jeypore

Govt. Agency

Asna

24

Koraput

DFO, Jeypore

Govt. Agency

Barangpally

25

Koraput

DFO, Jeypore

Govt. Agency

Bhajiguda

26

Koraput

DFO, Jeypore

Govt. Agency

Dumuripadar

27

Koraput

DFO, Jeypore

Govt. Agency

Ramaguda

28

Koraput

Boipariguda

Kheshtra Samiti

NGO Hatipakhna

29

Koraput

HRDC

NGO

Karanjiguda

30

Koraput

IAEET

NGO

Podapodar

31

Koraput

IAEET

NGO

Pujariguda

32

Koraput

KFA

NGO

Mugunaguda & Tentuliguda

33

Koraput

WORD

NGO

Khajuriput

34

Koraput

DFO, Koraput

Govt. Agency

Sanatema

35

Koraput

DFO, Koraput

Govt. Agency

Khajuriguda

36 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Bilaput

37 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Baunsapada

38 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Chimtapally

39 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Rengabandha

40 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Kenduguda

41 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Tulaguram

42 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Gotiguda

43 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Jhatiguda

44 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Purusottam

45 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Dasanguda

46 Nowarangpur DFO, Nowarangpur Govt. Agency Daibeda


77

47 Nowarangpur DFO, Nowarangpur Govt. Agency Malkiguda 48

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowrangpur

Govt. Agency

Mundimal

49

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowrangpur

Govt. Agency

Sirisiaguda

50

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowrangpur

Govt. Agency

Badapanjariguda

51

Nowarangpur

DFO, Nowrangpur

Govt. Agency

Dhanpur

52

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Ankulpodar

53

Rayagada

ALISHA

NGO

Dumuri

54

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Badahansa

55

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Dumerkona

56

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Konda Taming

57

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Nawada

58

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Talarambha

59

Rayagada

Field Unit Rayagada

Chintaliguda

60

Rayagada

PRAGATI

NGO

Anka

61

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Phuljoba

62

Rayagada

DFO, Rayagada

Govt. Agency

Sipijodi

SECTORAL PLANS

63

Kalahandi

R.K. Ashrama

NGO

Livelihood Security Measures Through in Vermin Technology & Entrepreneurship Development Programmes

64

Kandhamal

SAHANUBHUTI

NGO

Bamunigam

65

Kandhamal

GITA

NGO

Kandhamal Adivasika Girl's High School, Bramhanapad

66

Kandhamal

PRADAN

NGO

Mobilization around Sisal-leaf plate activity for Livelihood Security for RuralPoor Families

67

Koraput

WORD

NGO

Sisal Cultivation

68

Koraput

DFO, Koraput

Govt. Agency

Sisal Fiber Plantation

69

Mayurbhanj

DFO Baripada

Govt. Agency

Bio-Diversity

70

Mayurbhanj

FD STR Baripada

Govt. Agency

Bio-Diversity

71 Mayurbhanj Karanjia Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity

72 Mayurbhanj SAMBANDH Bio-Diversity

73 Mayurbhanj Baripada Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity

74 Mayurbhanj Karanjia Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity

75 Mayurbhanj Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity

76 Mayurbhanj Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity

77 Nowarangpur ASHA KIRAN NGO Special School -cum-Vocational Training Centre for Mentally Retarded Children (15Villages)

78 Rayagada SNEH NGO Nalinee Vidya Mandir is a Residential Tribal Girls High School, Bariguda

79 Rayagada Dandakaranya NGO Rehabilitation of Mentally Retarded Children in Rayagada District

78


SLCC NO. DATE SLCC NO. DATE1st SLCC Dt.25/26.09.1985 22ndSLCC Dt.17.06.19952nd SLCC Dt.Ol.11.1985 23rdSLCC Dt.ll.03.19963rd SLCC Dt.06.06.1986 24th SLCC Dt.19.08.19964th SLCC Dt.15.12.1986 25th SLCC Dt.27.01.19975th SLCC Dt.04.05.1987

26th SLCC

Dt.31.07.19976th SLCC Dt.12.10.1987

27th SLCC

Dt.24.01.19987th SLCC Dt.29.04.1988

28thSLCC

Dt.24.09.19988th SLCC Dt.03.07.1989

29thSLCC

Dt.ll.08.19999th SLCC Dt.05.12.1989

30thSLCC

Dt.07.04.2000

10th SLCC Dt.22.06.1990

31st SLCC

Dt.02.11.200011th SLCC Dt.13.12.1990 32ndSLCC Dt.09.01.200212th SLCC Dt.30.01.1991

33rdSLCC

Dt.06.06.2002

13th SLCC Dt.07.09.1991

34th SLCC

Dt.29.08.200314th SLCC Dt.25.01.1992

35th SLCC

Dt.30.12.200315th SLCC Dt.14.08.1992

36th SLCC

Dt.12.08.200416th SLCC Dt.07.12.1992

37thSLCC

Dt.06.12.200517th SLCC Dt.14.05.1993 38thSLCC Dt.14.09.200618th SLCC Dt.14.09.1993 39th SLCC Dt.10.06.200719th SLCC Dt.18.01.1994 40th SLCC Dt.21.07.200820th SLCC Dt.13.07.1994 41st SLCC Dt.19.03.201021st SLCC Dt.25.11.1994 42ndSLCC Dt.06.10.2010

SLCC DATESAnnexure - VI

Annexure - VII

SI No. Name From To

1 Sri L.K. Pattnayak, IFS 22-01-1986 27-02-1987

2 Sri G.S. Padhi, IFS

27-02-1987

27-12-1989

3 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS

27-12-1989

17-05-1991

4 Sri A.K. Bansal, IFS

17-05-1991

02-07-1991

5 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS

02-07-1991

07-08-1991

6 Sri P.R. Mohanty, IFS

07-08-1991

02-06-1992

7 Sri A.K. Bansal, IFS

02-06-1992

31-07-1992

8 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS 31-07-1992 22-12-1995

9 Sri A.K. Mohapatra, IFS 22-12-1995 10-05-2000

10 Sri G.B. Reddy, IFS

10-05-2000

22-09-2004

11 Sri Siddhanta Das, IFS

22-09-2004

07-06-2006

12 Sri S.C. Patra, IFS

07-06-2006

24-10-2007

13 Sir K.R. Singh, IFS

24-10-2007

11-11-2009

14 Sri S.K. Popli, IFS 11-11-2009 08-08-2011

15 Sri Pravakar Behera, IFS 08.08.2011 25.04.2012

16 Dr. J.P. Singh, IFS 25.04.2012 19.03.2013

INCUMBANCY CHART

17 S. B. Samanta, IFS 19.03.2013 05.06.2013

18 H. S. Upadhyay, IFS 05.06.2013 Continuing


79

1. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) - A person is said tobe having CED, if his/her Body Mass Index 2

is less than 16 kg/m

2. Body Mass Index (BMI) - It is the ratio of weight (in kg) to height (in metre) square.

3. Food Security Outcome Index (FSOI) - This index is developed basing on two indicators - under

five mortality and proportion of underweight children.

4. Micro Plan- Microplans are prepared in the villages with involvement of all stakeholders

through a participatory process - oriented and demand driven planning approach. The plan

focuses on alround development of the village and villagers that include sustainable income

generating activities and programmes that accrue benefits to the poor villagers particularly

women.

5. Sectoral Plan - This is holistic development plan prepared for a group or cluster of villages.

6. Food for Human Development - An innovative approach to ensure efficient programme

management by mobilizing and building capacities of women self help groups to undertake

responsibilities on healthy nutrition sanitation and education.

7. Joint Forest Management - Joint Forest Management notification was issued by Govt. of India in 1990 in recognition of peoples involvement in forest management. However, 1st Joint Forest

Management Resolution was issued by Govt. of Odisha during 1988. The modalities include

community participation in forest protection, conservation and regeneration in-lieu of usufruct

right and share at the time of final harvest.

8. Food Security Index (FSI) - The FSI is a composite index covering three dimensions i.e.

Availability Access & Absorption factors. Districts having higher index value are considered

relatively more food secure compared to districts with lower index values.

9. Food Security Index

(a) Secure (0.5713 & above) (b) Moderately Secure (0.4903 - 0.5713) (c) Moderately Insecure (0.4093 - 0.4903) (d) Severely Insecure (0.3283 - 0.4093) (e) Extremely Insecure ( Less than 0.3283)

10. Poverty Ratio -

11. Check Dam - A check dam is a smally temporary or permanent structure constructed across a

drainage ditchy canal or channel to reduce the speed of water flow.

12. Vana Samrakshyan Samiti - It is a forest protection committee that works jointly with the

Government for forest protection.

Glossary

80


Acronyms

ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration

EPA Entry Point Activity

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation

FFE Food for Education

FFHD Food for Human Development

FFW Food for Work

FSOI Food Security Outcome Index

GoI Government of India

GP Gram Panchayat

ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme

IGA Income Generation Activity

JFM Joint Forest Management

JFMCs Joint Forest Management Committees

KL Kenduleaf

MFP Minor Forest Produce

NGO Non Government Organisation

NTFP Non Timber Forest Produce

PDS Public Distribution System

RDF Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest

SC Scheduled Caste

SHG Self Help Group

ST Scheduled Tribe

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNWFP United Nations World Food Programme

VDC Village Development Committee

VSS Vana Samrakshyan Samiti

WFP World Food Programme

WHS Water Harvesting Structure

WSHG Women Self Help Group

HH House Hold

Ac Acre

Ha Hectare

IIP Intensive Intervention Project

Documents

WFP FOOD FOR THOUGHTThe compiled Report “WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT’ has brought out some successful interventions in promoting livelihood opportunities and access to food security in