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Page 1: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

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glossary

Acidic–Solutions (including soil moisture and watervapor) that have a pH value less than 7.

Acre–A land unit containing 43,560 square feet.

Aerial photo–A black and white photo of landtaken from an airplane.

Alkaline (basic)–Solutions (including soil moistureand water vapor) that have a pH value greaterthan 7.

Annual–A plant that completes its life cycle in onegrowing season and then dies.

Artificial drainage–Use of ditches, drain tiles,pumps, and/or channelization to lower thewater table and drain land.

Berm–A mound or wall of earth that acts like adike or levee to impound water

Biological control–The use of a living organism asa predator or competitor of an undesirableorganism.

Biodiversity/biological diversity–The abundanceand mix of different plant and animal speciesin an area.

Bog–A wetland with peat soil, which is isolatedfrom ground or surface water (only significantwater inputs are from rain) and dominated bymosses (Sphagnum spp.), sedges, shrubs, andevergreen trees such as black spruce andtamarack.

Buffer zone–An area of vegetation maintainedaround the shoreline or edge of a stream orwetland. The buffer zone reduces impacts towater, vegetation, and wildlife from adjacentupland activities.

Calcareous–Containing calcium carbonate, calciumor lime, which typically causes an alkalinecondition.

Channelization–The straightening and widening ordeepening of a stream to speed drainage.

Cool season plants–Plants that actively grow incool weather: spring and fall (includes manyEurasian grasses).

Cold stratified–Seeds are stored in a cool placeover winter to encourage germination.

Community–See “plant community.”

Controlled burn–Using fire as a management tool.

Disturbance–Any physical force, such as fire, wind,flood, or extreme cold and disease epidemics.Some natural disturbances were historicalforces acting on an ecosystem. Human distur-bances were more recent.

Ditching–Excavating a channel in a wetland todrain water.

Ditch plug–A particular amount of fill in a ditch atits lowest point.

Diversion–See “channelization.”

Diversity–Variety, see “biological diversity.”

Drainage–See “artificial drainage.”

Drain tile–Perforated plastic, clay, or concretepipes that are buried under the surface of theground to facilitate drainage.

Drawdown–A seasonally cyclic natural or artificialremoval of water from a wetland system.

Driftless area–A portion of south-central Wisconsinthat was spared from the last advance of glaciers

Ecological–Involving a relationship between livingorganisms and their environment.

Ecosystem–A community of plants and animalsand the physical environment they inhabit,e.g. wetlands, rivers, uplands. The ecosystemreflects the interaction among soil, climate,vegetation, and animal life.

Emergent–A plant that is rooted in the ground and rises out of water such as cattails or rushes.

Erosion–The movement of soil by wind and/orwater.

Eutrophication–An aging process by which awater body becomes highly productive eitherdue to natural causes or excessive inputs of pollution rich in dissolved nutrients (e.g., fertilizers).

Evaporation–Conversion of liquid water to vapor.

Exotic species–A plant or animal that evolved inanother region or on another continent and istherefore not native to the area in question.Also called “non-native species.”

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glossary of technical terms

Georgine Price

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Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that ispartially altered but because of wetness, can’tbe farmed every year.

Fen–A type of wetland that receives mineral-richinputs of groundwater and is dominated bysedges and other grass-like vegetation.

Fill–Soil, rocks, concrete, cement, gravel, etc.deposited over wetlands.

Forb–A non-woody plant that is not a grass. Thisincludes annual, biennial, and perennial flowers.

Groundwater–Water that seeps below the surfaceof the ground and fills interconnected pores insoil and cracks in rocks. Generally lower innutrients than surface water.

Habitat–The environment in which the require-ments of a specific plant or animal are met,including food, water, cover, and space.

Herbicide–A chemical used to kill plants.

Hummocks–Tussocks or raised knobs of organicsoil with a clump of sedges on the top.Hummocks are created by some species ofsedges, e.g., Carex stricta. The tussock heightcan be from a few inches to a few feet tall.Tussocks are arranged in a regular pattern.

Hybrid–An offspring resulting from a crossbetween genetically different parents (differentbreeds, varieties, species, or genera) .

Hydric soil–A soil that is saturated, flooded, orponded long enough during the growing sea-son to develop anaerobic (no oxygen) condi-tions in the root zone.

Hydrology–The study of water sources and flows.The term used to describe particular waterconditions in a wetland: where water comesfrom, how much water exists, and how long itstays on site.

Hydrophyte or hydrophytic vegetation–Literally,water-loving vegetation. Any plant that growsin water, or on a base surface that is at leastperiodically deficient in oxygen as a result ofexcessive water content; plants typically foundin wetlands and other aquatic habitats.

Impoundment–A body of water that is collectedor confined, as behind a dam or dike.

Invasive species–A species that can aggressivelyspread and may not be native.

Marsh–A wetland characterized by grass-like plants(sedges, reeds, grasses, cattails) and wildflowers.

Mineral soil–Any soil consisting primarily of min-eral (sand, silt, and clay) material, rather thanorganic matter.

Monoculture/monotypic–Characterized by a largearea occupied by a single species.

Muck–Dark-colored, finely textured, well-decom-posed organic soil material where most plantfibers are not recognizable.

Native plant–A plant species that originallyoccurred in an area.

Navigable waterway–A ditch or stream that has adefined bed and bank, a direction of flow, andat some point in a normal year, you can floata canoe on it.

Non-hydric soil–An area that has sufficiently dryconditions that hydrophytic vegetation, hydricsoils, and/or wetland hydrology are lacking(synonymous with upland).

Non-native species–A plant or animal thatevolved in another region or on another conti-nent and that is therefore not native to thearea in question. Also called “exotic species.”

Nutrient–Any mineral, compound, or element thatpromotes biological growth or development.

Organic soils–Soils composed of partially decom-posed plant parts, e.g., mucks and peats.Typically very black in color.

Oxbows–A curving channel of a river.

pH–A chemical measure of the degree of acidity oralkalinity on a scale of 0 to 14. A typicalWisconsin bog has pH values of 4-5 (acidic),while fens and shallow marshes may be 6-8(neutral or slightly alkaline).

Peat–A low-density, slightly decomposed fibrousorganic soil composed largely of plant mate-rial that can still be identified.

Permeability–The quality of the soil that enableswater to move downward through the profile,measured as the number of inches per hourthat water moves downward through the satu-rated soil.

Pesticide–A chemical used to control pests such asinsects.

Phenology–The study of the seasonal changes inplant or animal life and the relationship ofthese changes to weather and climate.

Plant community–The various plant species thatshare a single habitat.

Prescribed burn–See “controlled burn.”

Pre-settlement–Before European and Euro-American settlement.

Prior-converted–An NRCS term for a former wet-land that has been drained to the point that itcan be farmed most of the time.

Restoration–See “wetland restoration.”

Rhizome–Underground, swollen, horizontal stemsfrom which new plants can develop.

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glossary of technical terms

Riparian–The area along the banks of a watercourse or lake.

Rootstock–An underground stem with erect stemsor leaves at intervals.

Saturated–A condition in which virtually all poresbetween soil particles are temporarily or per-manently filled with water.

Scrape–A slight excavation in a wetland thatallows for open water ponding.

Sedges–A group of plants that typically have trian-gular solid stems and occur in wetlands.

Sedimentation–The settling of soil particles andpollutants on the soil surface.

Seed bank–A reservoir of ungerminated seedswithin the soil.

Seed drill–A device, usually pulled behind a tractor,used to plant crops or native seeds.

Senescence–Dying off of plant material.

Shoreland zone–The area immediately adjacent alake or waterway, generally excluded from cer-tain types of development by local or state laws.

Shrub–Woody vegetation usually greater than 3feet but less than 20 feet tall, including multi-stemmed, bushy shrubs and small trees andsaplings.

Siltation–See “sedimentation.”

Soil compaction–Alteration in soil structure as it ispressed and the soil loses pore spaces.

Spillway–An overflow area constructed on a bermor dike to allow water to flow out at a set elevation.

Spoils–The soil that has been excavated anddeposited in a pile adjacent the evacuation.

Steward/stewardship–To care for and manage nat-ural land in a way that maintains its ecologicalintegrity for the benefit of present and futuregenerations.

Stratifiy/stratification–See “cold stratified.”

Submergent–Plant that is rooted in the groundand is either below the water surface or hasfloating leaves, e.g., water lily.

Subsidence–Soil that is compressed and losesstructure, or organic soil that decomposes andis lower in elevation than originally.

Substrate–The base, usually soil, upon which aplant grows.

Sustainable site–Implies that the site will be self-maintaining over a long period of time.

Surface water–Water that runs off the ground.

Swamp–A forested wetland.

Tension zone–A zone of climatic change thatroughly divides the state of Wisconsin into tworegions running in a band from the southeastto northwest.

Topography/topographic map–The configurationof the surface, including its relief and the posi-tion of its natural and human-made features.When this information is depicted, it createstopographic maps.

Transpiration–The process in plants by whichwater is released into the atmosphere throughthe leaves.

Tree–A woody plant 5 inches or greater in diame-ter at breast height and 20 feet or taller.

Upland–Any area that does not qualify as a wet-land because the associated hydrologic regimeis not sufficiently wet to elicit development ofvegetation, soil, and/or hydrologic characteris-tics associated with wetlands.

Warm season–Plants (including prairie grasses) thatare most actively growing in the warmth of thesummer.

Water quality–A wetland function referring to awetland’s capacity to retain and process dis-solved or particulate materials to the benefit ofdownstream water quality.

Watershed–The surrounding land area that drainsinto a lake, river, river system, or wetland.

Water table–The point at which the groundbecomes completely saturated with water.

Wetland–An area that is inundated or saturated tothe surface for a sufficient time to foster thegrowth of hydrophytic plants and/or the devel-opment of hydric soils.

Wetland creation–The establishment of a wetlandin an area where a wetland never existed historically.

Wetland enhancement–Maintenance or manage-ment of existing wetlands for a particular func-tion or value, sometimes at the expense ofother functions or values.

Wetland hydrology–See “hydrology.”

Wetland indicators–Plants that are adapted to wet-land conditions. Their presence indicates thearea may be a wetland.

Wetland management–Activities that do notinvolve changes in soils or hydrology, but mayaffect wildlife habitat and vegetation.

Wetland restoration–The reestablishment of a wet-land of the same type in the landscape wherea wetland existed historically.

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appendix a.Useful Literature and World Wide Web Resources

Wetland GuidesBenyus, J.M. 1989. Northwoods Wildlife, A

Watcher’s Guide to Habitats. NorthWordPress, Inc., Minocqua, WI. 365 pp.

Curtis, J.T. 1959. The Vegetation of Wisconsin.University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.657 pp.

Eastman, J. 1995 The Book of Swamp and Bog.Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA. 237 pp.

Eggers, S.D., and D.M. Reed. 1997. WetlandPlants and Plant Communities of Minnesotaand Wisconsin. 2nd edition. U.S. Army Corpsof Engineers, St. Paul, MN. 263 pp.

Judd, M.K., and M. E. Vollbrecht. 1990. Wetlands,Wonderlands. Wisconsin Department ofNatural Resources, Madison, WI. 16 pp.

Martin, A.C., H.S. Zim, and A.L. Nelson. 1961.American Wildlife and Plants. A Guide toWildlife Food Habits. Dover Publications,Inc., New York, NY. 500 pp.

Mitsch, W.J., and J.G. Gosselink. 1986.Wetlands. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,New York, NY. 539 pp.

National Audubon Society. 1996. Oases forWildlife: Small and Farmed Wetlands. PrintingService Associates, Inc., Wheaton, MD. 28 pp.

Niering, W. 1985. The Audubon Society’s NatureGuides: Wetlands. Alfred A. Knopf, NewYork, NY. 640 pp.

Tiner, R.W. 1998. In Search of Swampland: AWetland Sourcebook and Field Guide. RutgersPress, Rutgers, NY. 264 pp.

Weller, M.W. 1994. Freshwater Marshes—Ecologyand Wildlife Management. 3rd edition.University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,MN. 192 pp.

Welsch, D.J., D.L. Smart, J.N. Boyer, P. Minkin,H.C. Smith, and T.L. McCandless. 1995.Forested Wetlands. Functions, Benefits, and theUse of Best Management Practices. USDAForest Service Publication, Radnor, PA. 62 pp.

Wisconsin Coastal Management Program. 1995.Basic Guide to Wisconsin’s Wetlands and theirBoundaries. Wisconsin Department ofAdministration, Madison, WI. 88 pp.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 1994.Just add Water! Restoring Shallow Wetlands forWildlife. Bureau of Wildlife Management,Madison, WI. 11 pp. [PUBL-WM-229]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Plant IdentificationManuals and FieldGuidesBorman, S., R. Korth, J. Temte. 1997. Through the

Looking Glass: A Field Guide to Aquatic Plants.Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources,Madison, WI. 248 pp. [PUBL-FH-207-97]

Brown, L. 1979. Grasses: An Identification Guide.Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY. 256 pp.

Chadde, S.W. 1998. A Great Lakes Wetland Flora.PocketFlora Press, Calumet, MI. 569 pp.

Cochrane T.S., and H.H. Iltis. 2000. Atlas of theWisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora. WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources TechnicalBulletin 191. Madison, WI. 226 pp. [PUBL-SS-191 2000]

Courtenay, B., and J. H. Zimmerman. 1978.Wildflowers and Weeds. Simon and Schuster,Inc., New York, NY. 144 pp.

Eggers, S.D., and D.M. Reed. 1997. WetlandPlants and Plant Communities of Minnesotaand Wisconsin. 2nd edition. U.S. Army Corpsof Engineers, St. Paul, MN. 263 pp.

Fassett, N.C. 1957. A Manual of Aquatic Plants.2nd edition. University of Wisconsin Press,Madison, WI. 405 pp.

Harrington, H.D., and L.W. Durrell. 1957. Howto Identify Plants. Ohio University Press,Athens, OH. 203 pp.

Hotchkiss, Neil. 1972. Common Marsh, Under-water and Floating-leafed Plants of the UnitedStates and Canada. Dover Publications, Inc.,New York, NY. 124 pp.

Knobel, E. 1980. Field Guide to the Grasses,Sedges and Rushes of the United States. DoverPublications, Inc., New York, NY. 83 pp.

Ladd, D., and F. Oberle. 1995. Tall Grass PrairieWildflowers. Falcon Press, Helena, MT. 252 pp.

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Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide.Little, Brown and Company, Boston, MA.490 pp.

Newmaster, S.G., A.G. Harris, and L.J. Kershaw.1997. Wetland Plants of Ontario. Lone PinePublishing, Edmonton, AB. 240 pp.

Peterson, R,T., and M. McKenny. 1975. A FieldGuide to Wildflowers of Northeastern andNorth-Central North America. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 420 pp.

Petrides, G. 1972. A Field Guide to Trees andShrubs: Northeastern and North-CentralUnited States and Southeastern and South-Central Canada. The Peterson Field GuideSeries. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston,MA. 427 pp.

Symonds, G.W.D. 1963. The Shrub IdentificationBook. William Morrow and Company, NewYork, NY. 379 pp.

Wetter M.A., T.S. Cochrane, M.R. Black, H.H.Iltis, and P.E. Berry. 2001. Checklist of theVascular Plants of Wisconsin. WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources TechnicalBulletin 192. Madison, WI. 258 pp. [PUBL-SS-192 2001]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wetland FaunaReferences

Fishes

Auer, N.A. 1982. Identification of Larval Fishes ofthe Great Lakes Basin with an Emphasis on theLake Michigan Drainage. Great LakesFisheries Commission Special Publication82-3. 744 pp.

Becker, G.C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. Universityof Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 1052 pp.

Eddy, S., and C. Underhill. 1974. NorthernFishes with Special Reference to the UpperMississippi Valley. University of MinnesotaPress, Minneapolis, MN. 414 pp.

Holland-Bartels, L.E., S.K. Littlejohn, and M.L.Huston. 1990. A Guide to Larval Fishes of theUpper Mississippi River. University ofMinnesota Extension and U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, LaCrosse, WI. 107 pp.

Lyons, J., P.A. Cochran, and D. Fago. 2000.Wisconsin Fishes 2000: Status and Distribution.University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institution,Madison, WI. 87 pp.

Page, L.M., and B.M. Burr. 1991. A Field Guide toFreshwater Fishes: North America North ofMexico. Peterson Field Guide Series. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 432 pp.

Amphibians and Reptiles

Behler, J.L., and E.W. King. 1979. The AudubonSociety Field Guide to North American Reptilesand Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York,NY. 743 pp.

Casper, G.S. 1996. Geographic Distributions of theAmphibians and Reptiles of Wisconsin. Milwau-kee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI. 87 pp.

Casper, G.S., and D.J. Watermolen. WisconsinOnline Herptile Bibliography <www.mpm.edu/collect/vertzo/herp/atlas/Bibframe.html>

Christoffel, R., R. Hay, and M. Monroe. 2002.Turtles and Lizards of Wisconsin. WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources Bureau ofEndangered Resources, Madison, WI. 48 pp.[PUBL-ER-104]

Christoffel, R., R. Hay, and L. Ramirez. 2000.Snakes of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Departmentof Natural Resources Bureau of EndangeredResources, Madison, WI. 33 pp. [PUBL-ER-100]

Christoffel, R., R. Hay, and M. Wolfgram. 2001.Amphibians of Wisconsin. WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources Bureau ofEndangered Resources, Madison, WI. 44 pp.[PUBL-ER-105]

Conant, R., and J.T. Collins. 1991. A FieldGuide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Easternand Central North America. 3rd edition.Peterson Field Guide Series. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 450 pp.

Ernst, C.H., and E.M. Ernst. 2003. Snakes of theUnited States and Canada. SmithsonianBooks, Washington. DC. 668 pp.

Ernst, C.H., J.E. Lovich, and R.W. Barbour.1994. Turtles of the United States andCanada. Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington, DC. 578 pp.

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Petranka, J.W. 1998. Salamanders of the UnitedStates and Canada. Smithsonian InstitutionPress, Washington, DC. 587 pp.

Smith, H.M. 1978. Amphibians of NorthAmerica: A Guide to Field Identification.Golden Guide Series. Golden Press, NewYork, NY. 160 pp.

Tyning, T.F. 1990. A Guide to Amphibians andReptiles. Stokes Nature Guides Series. Little,Brown and Company, Boston, MA. 400 pp.

Vogt, R.C. 1981. Natural History of Amphibiansand Reptiles of Wisconsin. Milwaukee PublicMuseum, Milwaukee, WI. 205 pp.

Watermolen, D.J. 1995. A Key to the Eggs ofWisconsin’s Amphibians. Wisconsin Departmentof Natural Resources Research Report 165.Madison, WI. 12 pp. [PUBL-RS-565 95]

Zim, H.S., and H.M. Smith. 1956. Reptiles andAmphibians: A Guide to Familiar AmericanSpecies. Golden Guide Series. Golden Press,New York, NY. 160 pp.

Birds

Baicich, P.J., and C.J.O. Harrison. 1997. AGuide to the Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings ofNorth American Birds. 2nd edition. AcademicPress, San Diego, CA. 347 pp.

Bent, A.C. (various years). Life Histories of NorthAmerican…(Diving Birds, Gulls and Terns,Wild Fowl, Marsh Birds, Shore Birds, etc.).Published as Bulletins of the U.S. NationalMuseum (later reprinted by DoverPublications, New York, NY).

Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988.The Birder’s Handbook: A Field Guide to theNatural History of North American Birds.Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. 785 pp.

Farrand, J., Jr. (ed.) 1983. The Audubon SocietyMaster Guide to Birding, Vols. 1-3. Alfred A.Knopf, New York, NY.

Peterson, R.T. 1980. A Field Guide to the Birds: ACompletely New Guide to All the Birds ofEastern and Central North America. PetersonField Guide Series. Houghton MifflinCompany, Boston, MA. 384 pp.

Robbins, S.D. 1991. Wisconsin Birdlife: Populationsand Distribution, Past and Present. University ofWisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 702 pp.

Sibley, D.A. 2003. The Sibley Field Guide to Birdsof Eastern North America. Alfred A. Knopf,New York, NY. 431 pp.

Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1989. A Guide to BirdBehavior, Vols. 1-3. Little, Brown andCompany, Boston, MA

Temple, S.A., J.R. Cary, and R. Rolley. 1997.Wisconsin Birds: A Seasonal and GeographicalGuide. 2nd edition. University of WisconsinPress, Madison, WI. 320 pp.

Mammals

Alden, P.C. 1998. Peterson First Guide toMammals of North America. 2nd edition.Peterson Field Guide Series. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 128 pp.

Burt, W.H. 1972. Mammals of the Great LakesRegion. University of Michigan Press, AnnArbor, MI. 246 pp.

Burt, W. H., and R.P. Grossenheider. 1976. Afield guide to the mammals of North America.Peterson Field Guide Series. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 367 pp.

Jones, J.K., Jr., and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbookof the Mammals of the North-Central States.University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,MN. 346 pp.

Chapman, J.A., and G.A. Feldhamer. 1982.Wild Mammals of North America: Biology,Management and Economics. Johns HopkinsUniversity, Baltimore, MD. 1147 pp.

Glass, B.P. 1981. Key to the Skulls of NorthAmerican Mammals. 2nd edition. OklahomaState University, Stillwater, OK. 59 pp.

Hall, E.R. 1981. The Mammals of North America,2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York,NY. 1181 pp.

Jackson, H.H.T. 1961. Mammals of Wisconsin.University of Wisconsin Press. Madison, WI.504 pp.

Kurta, A. 1995. Mammals of the Great LakesRegion. University of Michigan Press, AnnArbor, MI. 376 pp.

Murie, O. 1954. A Field Guide to Animal Tracks.Peterson Field Guide Series. HoughtonMifflin Company, Boston, MA. 374 pp.

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Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1996. National AudubonSociety Field Guide to North AmericanMammals, 2nd edition. Alfred A. Knopf, NewYork, NY. 937 pp.

Whitaker, J.O., Jr., and W.J. Hamilton, Jr. 1998.Mammals of the Eastern United States. 3rd edi-tion. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.583 pp.

Wilson, D.E., and S. Ruff. 1999. The SmithsonianBook of North American Mammals. SmithsonianInstitution Press, Washington, DC. 750 pp.

Invertebrates

Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1995. Aquatic Insects ofWisconsin: Keys to Wisconsin Genera and Noteson Biology, Habitat, Distribution and Species.Natural History Museums Council, Universityof Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 79 pp.

Hobbs, H.H., III, and J.P. Jass. 1988. TheCrayfishes and Shrimp of Wisconsin. MilwaukeePublic Museum, Milwaukee, WI. 177 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater Invertebrates ofthe United States: Protozoa to Mollusca, 3rd

edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York,NY. 628 pp.

Thorp, J.H., and A.P. Covich. 2001. Ecology andClassification of North American FreshwaterInvertebrates, 2nd edition. Academic Press,San Diego, CA. 1056 pp.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wetland RestorationAdmiral, A.N., M.J. Morris, T.C. Brooks, J.W.

Olson, and M.V. Miller. 1997. IllinoisWetland Restoration and Creation Guide.Illinois Natural History Survey SpecialPublication 19. Champaign, IL. 188 pp.

Cole, C.A., T.L. Serfass, M.C. Brittingham, andR.P. Brooks. 1996. Managing your restoredwetland. College of Agricultural Sciences,Coop. Ext., Pennsylvania State University,University Park, PA. 44pp.

Eggers, S.D. 1992. Compensatory Mitigation:Some Problems and Suggestions for CorrectiveMeasures. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-St.Paul District. St. Paul, MN. 53 pp.

Hammer, D.A. 1997. Creating FreshwaterWetlands. 2nd edition. CRC Press/LewisPublishing, Boca Raton, FL. 448 pp.

Henderson, C.L., C. J. Dindorf, and F. J.Rozumalski. 1999. Lakescaping for Wildlifeand Water Quality. Minnesota Department ofNatural Resources, St. Paul, MN. 175 pp.

Hoffman, R., and K. Kearns. 1997. WisconsinManual of Control Recommendations forEcologically Invasive Plants. WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources, Madison,WI. 102 pp.

Pauly, W.R. 1988. How To Manage Small PrairieFires. Dane County Parks Commission,Madison, WI. 30 pp.

Riley, A. L. 1998. Restoring Streams in Cities: AGuide for Planners, Policy Makers, and Citizens.Island Press, Washington, DC. 445 pp.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.Updated yearly. Native Plant Nursery andConsultant List. Bureau of EndangeredResources, Madison, WI.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OtherCwikiel, W. 1998. Living with Michigan’s Wetlands:

A Landowner’s Guide. Tip of the MittWatershed Council, Conway, MI. 147 pp.

Isaak Walton League. Wetland Stewardship: ACall to Action. A video produced by the IsaakWalton League of America, Gaithersburg,MD. Length: 28 minutes running time.

Johnson, A.L., M.G. Clarke, and S.N. Kuter.1982. A Handbook for the Landowner: TheUse and Protection of Privately Held NaturalLands. The Natural Land Trust, Inc.,Philadelphia, PA. 32 pp.

Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County Almanac, andSketches Here and There. Oxford UniversityPress, New York, NY. 228 pp.

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appendix a. useful literature and world wide web resources

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Technical Journals• Wetlands. Journal of the Society of Wetland Scientists. www.sws.org/wetlands/

• Restoration Ecology. Journal of the Society for Ecological Restoration. www.ser.org or www.blackwellpublishing.com/journals/REC/

• Natural Areas Journal. Natural Areas Association. www.naturalarea.org

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .World Wide Web ResourcesThe following are a few of the many wetland web sites available on-line.

Wisconsin Web Sites• Wisconsin Coastal Management Program, a voluntary program to award annual grants to support

coastal conservation and management programs:www.doa.state.wi.us/pagesubtext_detail.asp?linksubcatid=249&linkcatid=108&linkid=

• Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: www.dnr.wi.gov

Waterway and Wetland Permits: www.dnr.wi.gov/org/water/fhp/waterway/

Wetlands Strategy: www.dnr.wi.gov/org/water/fhp/wetlands/index.htm

Invasive Plants: www.dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/invasive/

• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: St. Paul District covers the state of Wisconsin, waterway permits andinformation, and order form for Eggers and Reed’s wetland book: www.mvp.usace.army.mil

• Wisconsin Waterfowl Association: www.wisducks.org

• Wisconsin Wetlands Association: www.wiscwetlands.org

• Invasive Plant Association of Wisconsin (IPAW): www.uwex.edu/ces/ipaw/

• Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC): www.glifwc.org/epicenter/

Non-Wisconsin Web Sites

• Association of State Wetland Managers (Berne, NY): www.aswm.org

• Bird Conservation Partners: www.partnersinflight.org

• Biodiversity Project: www.biodiversityproject.org

• Ducks Unlimited: www.ducks.org

• Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Home Page. Includes wetland information hotline,restoration information, etc.: www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/

• Green Acres: Green Landscaping with Native Plants, native plant site, handbook, frequently askedquestions and other resources: www.epa.gov/greenacres/

• Isaak Walton League of America: www.iwla.org

(Continued on next page)

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PAGE 140

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

• League of Woman Voters Wetland Web Walk contains information to encourage activism and com-munity problem solving: www.lwv.org/where/protecting/webwalk/

• National Audubon Society: www.audubon.org

• National Wetland Inventory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, characteristics, extent and status ofNation’s wetlands. Maps can be downloaded, ask “Dr. Wetland” questions on wetland issues:www.nwi.fws.gov

• Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS): www.nrcs.usda.gov

• Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: www.npwrc.usgs.gov

• Prairie Enthusiasts: www.theprairieenthusiasts.org

• Society of Wetland Scientists web site includes “Discussion Forum” with information exchanged withwetland professionals: www.sws.org

• Society for Ecological Restoration, Northwest Chapter; Reed Canary Grass workgroup: www.sernw.org

• The Nature Conservancy: nature.org

Invasives: nature.org/initiatives/invasivespecies/about/index.html

• University of Minnesota’s Horticultural Science Department has an excellent collection of articles onrestoration and reclamation, some pertain to shoreland and wetland restoration:www.hort.agri.umn.edu/h5015/rrr.htm

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: www.fws.gov

• U.S. Geological Survey: www.usgs.gov

• Wetland Reserve Program: www.wl.fb-net.org

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ap

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PAGE 141

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

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PAGE 142

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

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PAGE 143

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

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USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stLe

opol

d W

etla

nd M

gt.O

ffice

Cou

nty

Adm

in.B

uild

ing

N77

25 S

tate

Hig

hway

28

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.U

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

W10

040

Cas

cade

Mou

ntai

n R

d.12

7 E.

Oak

St.

Hor

icon

, WI

5303

216

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

451

Wes

t Nor

th S

t.Po

rtage

, WI

5390

1Ju

neau

, WI

5303

9(9

20) 3

87-7

878

Wau

kesh

a, W

I 53

186

June

au, W

I 53

039-

1120

(608

) 742

-710

0 ex

t.14

or 1

5(9

20) 3

86-3

700

(262

) 547

-407

1(9

20) 3

86-9

999

Door

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Ecol

ogic

al S

ervi

ces

Offi

ceD

oor C

ount

y C

ourth

ouse

110

S.N

eena

h Av

e.Su

ite 2

11, O

ld F

ort S

quar

eU

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

2661

Sco

tt To

wer

Dr.

421

Neb

rask

a St

.St

urge

on B

ay, W

I 542

35-2

718

211

Nor

th B

road

way

926

Mar

quet

te D

r.N

ew F

rank

en, W

I 54

229

Stur

geon

Bay

, WI 5

4235

-067

0(9

20) 7

46-2

873

Gre

en B

ay, W

I 54

303

Kew

aune

e, W

I 54

216-

1772

(920

) 866

-171

7(9

20) 7

46-2

323

(920

) 448

-282

4(9

20) 3

88-2

792

Doug

las

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Fish

erie

s As

sist

ance

Offi

ceD

ougl

as C

o.C

ourth

ouse

1401

Tow

er A

ve.

1568

Hig

hway

2, R

m.1

07/1

1231

5 Sa

nbor

n Av

e., S

uite

100

2800

Lak

e Sh

ore

Driv

e Ea

st13

13 B

elkn

ap S

t., R

m.2

06Su

perio

r, W

I 54

880

Two

Har

bors

, MN

556

16PO

Box

267

Ashl

and,

WI

5480

6Su

perio

r, W

I 54

880

(715

) 392

-080

3(2

18) 8

34-6

630

Ashl

and,

WI

5480

6-10

32(7

15) 6

82-6

185

(715

) 395

-138

0(7

15) 6

82-9

117

Dunn

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

- St.

Paul

Dis

trict

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

St.C

roix

Wet

land

Mgt

.Dis

trict

800

Wils

on A

ve.

1300

W.C

laire

mon

t Ave

.At

tent

ion:

CO

-RAg

ricul

tura

l Ser

vice

Cen

ter

1764

95th

St.

Men

omon

ie, W

I 54

751

P.O

.Box

400

119

0 Fi

fth S

treet

Eas

t39

0 R

ed C

edar

St.,

Sui

te.C

New

Ric

hmon

d, W

I 54

017

(715

) 232

-140

1Ea

u C

laire

, WI

5470

2-40

01St

.Pau

l, M

N 5

5101

-163

8M

enom

onie

, WI

5475

1-22

65(7

15) 2

46-7

784

(715

) 839

-376

9(6

51) 2

90-5

263

(715

) 232

-261

4

Eau

Clai

reZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

E - S

t.Pa

ul D

istri

ctD

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stN

eced

ah N

atio

nal W

ildlife

Ref

uge

Eau

Cla

ire C

o.C

ourth

ouse

1300

W.C

laire

mon

t Ave

.At

tent

ion:

CO

-RAl

toon

a Se

rvic

e C

ente

rW

7996

20th

Stre

et W

est

721

Oxf

ord

Ave.

, Rm

.151

0P.

O.B

ox 4

001

190

Fifth

Stre

et E

ast

227

Firs

t Stre

et W

est

Nec

edah

, WI

5464

6-75

31Ea

u C

laire

, WI

5470

3Ea

u C

laire

, WI

5470

2-40

01St

.Pau

l, M

N 5

5101

-163

8Al

toon

a, W

I 54

720-

1601

(608

) 565

-255

1(7

15) 8

39-2

979/

4743

(715

) 839

-376

9(6

51) 2

90-5

263

(715

) 839

-478

6

Page 15: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 144

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

Co

un

tyC

ou

nty

Zo

nin

gD

NR

Co

rps

of

En

gin

eers

NR

CS

US

FW

S

Flor

ence

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Ecol

ogic

al S

ervi

ces

Offi

ceFl

oren

ce C

o.C

ourth

ouse

8770

Hig

hway

J13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

Agric

ultu

ral S

ervi

ce C

ente

r26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r.50

1 La

ke A

ve.,

P.O

.Box

627

Woo

druf

f, W

I 54

568

Plov

er, W

I 54

467

639

Wes

t Kem

p St

.N

ew F

rank

en, W

I 54

229

Flor

ence

, WI

5412

171

5-35

8-92

1471

5-34

5-79

11 e

xt.2

Rhi

nela

nder

, WI

5450

1-38

79(9

20) 8

66-1

717

(715

) 528

-320

6(7

15) 3

62-5

941

Fond

du

Lac

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Leop

old

Wet

land

Mgt

.Offi

ceC

ity-C

ount

y G

ovt.

Cen

ter

625

E.C

ount

y R

oad

YFi

rst F

eder

al S

avin

gs B

ank

Bld.

Agric

ultu

ral S

ervi

ce C

ente

rW

1004

0 C

asca

de M

ount

ain

Rd.

160

S.M

acy

St.

Suite

700

1617

E.R

acin

e Av

e., R

m.1

01W

6529

For

est A

ve.

Porta

ge, W

I 53

901

Fond

du

Lac,

WI

5493

5O

shko

sh, W

I 54

901-

9731

Wau

kesh

a, W

I 53

186

Fond

du

Lac,

WI

5493

7(6

08) 7

42-7

100

ext.

14 o

r 15

(920

) 929

-313

9(9

20) 4

24-7

885

(262

) 547

-417

1(9

20) 9

23-3

033

Fore

stZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

200

E.M

adis

on S

t.10

7 Su

tliff

Ave.

1314

Con

tract

or’s

Blvd

.Ag

ricul

tura

l Ser

vice

Cen

ter

2661

Sco

tt To

wer

Dr.

Cra

ndon

, WI

5452

0R

hine

land

er, W

I 54

501

Plov

er, W

I 54

467

639

Wes

t Kem

p St

.N

ew F

rank

en, W

I 54

229

(715

) 478

-389

3(7

15) 3

65-8

991

(715

) 345

-791

1 ex

t.2

Rhi

nela

nder

, WI

5450

1-38

79(9

20) 8

66-1

717

(715

) 362

-594

1

Gra

ntZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

E D

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stU

pper

Mis

siss

ippi

Rive

r Ref

uge

111

Sout

h Je

ffers

on S

t.15

00 N

.Joh

ns S

t.At

tent

ion:

CO

-RLa

ncas

ter S

ervi

ce C

ente

rM

cGre

gor D

istri

ctLa

ncas

ter,

WI

5381

3D

odge

ville

, WI

5353

3-21

1611

14 S

outh

Oak

St.

150

W.A

lona

Lan

eP.

O.B

ox 4

60(6

08) 7

23-2

848/

4394

(608

) 935

-192

0La

Cre

scen

t, M

N 5

5947

-133

8La

ncas

ter,

WI

5381

3-21

97M

cGre

gor,

IA 5

2157

(507

) 895

-805

9(6

08) 7

23-6

377

(563

) 873

-342

3

Gre

enZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stW

isco

nsin

Priv

ate

Land

s O

ffice

Plea

sant

Vie

w C

ompl

ex15

00 N

.Joh

ns S

t.Fi

rst F

eder

al S

avin

gs B

ank

Bld.

Agric

ultu

re B

uild

ing

4511

Hel

gese

n D

r.N

3150

Hw

y.81

, P.O

.Box

358

Dod

gevi

lle, W

I 53

533-

2116

1617

E.R

acin

e Av

e., R

m.1

0128

41 6

thSt

reet

, Box

497

Mad

ison

, WI

5371

8-64

67M

onro

e, W

I 53

566

(608

) 935

-192

0W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

6M

onro

e, W

I 53

566-

1902

(608

) 221

-120

6 ex

t.14

(608

) 328

-942

3(2

62) 5

47-1

876

(608

) 325

-419

5

Gre

en L

ake

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Leop

old

Wet

land

Mgt

.Offi

ceG

reen

Lak

e C

o.C

ourth

ouse

427

E.To

wer

Driv

e, S

uite

100

1314

Con

tract

or’s

Blvd

.U

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

W10

040

Cas

cade

Mou

ntai

n R

d.49

2 H

ill St

.W

auto

ma,

WI

5498

2-69

27Pl

over

, WI

5446

763

0 Ea

st S

outh

St.

Porta

ge, W

I 53

901

Gre

en L

ake,

WI

5494

1(9

20) 7

87-4

686

ext.

3016

(715

) 345

-791

1 ex

t.4

Gre

en L

ake,

WI

5494

1-94

96(6

08) 7

42-7

100

ext.

14 o

r 15

(920

) 294

-402

6/40

27(9

20) 2

94-6

140

Iow

aZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stW

isco

nsin

Priv

ate

Land

s O

ffice

Iow

a C

o.C

ourth

ouse

1500

N.J

ohns

St.

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.D

odge

ville

Ser

vice

Cen

ter

4511

Hel

gese

n D

r.22

2 N

.Iow

a St

.D

odge

ville

, WI

5353

3-21

1616

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

138

S.Io

wa

St.,

Suite

3M

adis

on, W

I 53

718-

6747

Dod

gevi

lle, W

I 53

533

(608

) 935

-192

0W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

6D

odge

ville

, WI

5353

3-15

43(6

08) 2

21-1

206

ext.

14(6

08) 9

35-0

398

(262

) 547

-187

6(6

08) 9

35-2

791

Page 16: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 145

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

Co

un

tyC

ou

nty

Zo

nin

gD

NR

Co

rps

of

En

gin

eers

NR

CS

US

FW

S

Iron

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Fish

erie

s As

sist

ance

Offi

ceIro

n C

o.C

ourth

ouse

875

S.4th

Aven

ue15

68 H

ighw

ay 2

, Rm

.107

/112

315

Sanb

orn

Ave.

, Sui

te 1

0028

00 L

ake

Shor

e D

rive

East

300

Taco

nite

St.

P.O

.Box

220

Two

Har

bors

, MN

556

16P.

O.B

ox 2

67As

hlan

d, W

I 54

806

Hur

ley,

WI

5453

4Pa

rk F

alls

, WI

5455

2(2

18) 8

34-6

630

Ashl

and,

WI

5480

6-10

32(7

15) 6

82-6

185

(715

) 561

-541

4(7

15) 7

62-4

684

ext.

102

(715

) 682

-911

7

Jack

son

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE,

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Nec

edah

Nat

iona

l Wild

life R

efug

eJa

ckso

n C

o.C

ourth

ouse

91

0 H

ighw

ay 5

4 Ea

stAt

tent

ion:

CO

-RBl

ack

Rive

r Fal

ls S

ervi

ce C

ente

rW

7996

20th

Stre

et W

est

307

Mai

n St

.Bl

ack

Rive

r Fal

ls, W

I 54

615

1114

Sou

th O

ak S

t.31

1 C

ount

y R

oad

AN

eced

ah, W

I 54

646-

7531

Blac

k R

iver F

alls

, WI

5461

5(7

15) 2

84-1

424

La C

resc

ent,

MN

559

47-1

338

Blac

k R

iver F

alls

, WI

5461

5(6

08) 5

65-2

551

(715

) 284

-022

0/02

06(5

07) 8

95-8

059

(715

) 284

-451

5

Jeffe

rson

Zo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stW

isco

nsin

Priv

ate

Land

s O

ffice

Nort

h.of

I-94

Jeffe

rson

Co.

Cou

rthou

seN

7725

Sta

te H

ighw

ay 2

8Fi

rst F

eder

al S

avin

gs B

ank

Bld.

USD

A Se

rvic

e C

ente

r45

11 H

elge

sen

Dr.

320

S.M

ain

St.,

Rm

.201

Hor

icon

, WI

5303

216

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

134

W.R

ockw

ell,

Rm

.120

Mad

ison

, WI

5371

8-67

47Je

ffers

on, W

I 53

549

(920

) 387

-787

8W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

6Je

ffers

on, W

I 53

549-

2089

(608

) 221

-120

6 ex

t.14

(920

) 674

-713

0(2

62) 5

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876

(920

) 674

-202

0

Jeffe

rson

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ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Wis

cons

in P

rivat

e La

nds

Offi

ceSo

uth

of I

-94

Jeffe

rson

Co.

Cou

rthou

se25

14 M

orse

St.

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.U

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

4511

Hel

gese

n D

r.32

0 S.

Mai

n St

., R

m.2

01Ja

nesv

ille, W

I 53

545-

0249

1617

E.R

acin

e Av

e., R

m.1

0113

4 W

.Roc

kwel

l, R

m.1

20M

adis

on, W

I 53

718-

6747

Jeffe

rson

, WI

5354

9(6

08) 7

43-4

820

Wau

kesh

a, W

I 53

186

Jeffe

rson

, WI

5354

9-20

89(6

08) 2

21-1

206

ext.

14(9

20) 6

74-7

130

(262

) 547

-187

6(9

20) 6

74-2

020

June

auZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stN

eced

ah N

atio

nal W

ildlife

Ref

uge

650

Prai

rie S

t.47

3 G

riffit

h Av

e.13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

Agric

ultu

ral S

ervi

ce C

ente

rW

7996

20th

Stre

et W

est

Mau

ston

, WI

5394

8W

isco

nsin

Rap

ids

,WI

5449

4Pl

over

, WI

5446

722

0 La

Cro

sse

St.

Nec

edah

, WI

5464

6-75

31(6

08) 8

47-9

391

(715

) 421

-781

5(7

15) 3

45-7

911

ext.

3M

aust

on, W

I 53

948-

2101

(608

) 565

-255

1(6

08) 8

47-7

221

Keno

sha

Zoni

ng A

dmin

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tor

DN

R

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stW

isco

nsin

Priv

ate

Land

s O

ffice

Keno

sha

Cou

nty

Cen

ter

9531

Ray

ne R

oad,

Sui

te 4

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.U

nion

Gro

ve S

ervi

ce C

ente

r45

11 H

elge

sen

Dr.

1960

0 75

thSt

., P.

O.B

ox 5

20St

urte

vant

, WI

5317

716

17 E

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ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

826

Mai

n St

.M

adis

on, W

I 53

718-

6747

Bris

tol,

WI

5310

4-05

20(2

62) 8

84-2

355

Wau

kesh

a, W

I 53

186

Uni

on G

rove

, WI

5318

2(6

08) 2

21-1

206

ext.

14(2

62) 8

57-1

895

(262

) 547

-086

8(2

62) 8

78-1

243

Kew

aune

eZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

Kew

aune

e C

o.C

ourth

ouse

2220

Eas

t CTH

VSu

ite 2

11, O

ld F

ort S

quar

eU

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

2661

Sco

tt To

wer

Dr.

613

Dod

ge S

t.M

ishi

cot,

WI

5422

821

1 N

orth

Bro

adw

ay92

5 M

arqu

ette

Dr.

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9Ke

wau

nee,

WI

5421

6(9

20) 7

55-4

942

Gre

en B

ay, W

I 54

303

Kew

aune

e, W

I 54

216-

1772

(920

) 866

-171

7(9

20) 3

88-7

192

(920

) 448

-282

4(9

20) 3

88-2

792

Page 17: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 146

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

Co

un

tyC

ou

nty

Zo

nin

gD

NR

Co

rps

of

En

gin

eers

NR

CS

US

FW

S

La C

ross

eZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stU

pper

Mis

siss

ippi

Rive

r Ref

uge

La C

ross

e C

o.C

ourth

ouse

3550

Mor

mon

Cou

lee

Roa

dAt

tent

ion:

CO

-RU

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

La C

ross

e D

istri

ct40

0 4th

Stre

et N

., R

m.1

05R

m.1

0411

14 S

outh

Oak

St.

1107

Rid

ers

Clu

b R

d.55

5 Le

ster

Ave

.La

Cro

sse,

WI

5460

1-32

00La

Cro

sse,

WI

5460

1La

Cre

scen

t, M

N 5

5947

-133

8O

nala

ska,

WI

5465

0-20

79O

nala

ska,

WI

5465

0(6

08) 7

85-9

722

(608

) 785

- 901

0(5

07) 8

95-8

059

(608

) 782

-018

0(6

08) 7

83-8

405

Lafa

yette

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Wis

cons

in P

rivat

e La

nds

Offi

ceAg

ricul

tura

l Cen

ter

1500

N.J

ohns

St.

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.U

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

4511

Hel

gese

n D

r.62

7 W

ashi

ngto

n St

.D

odge

ville

, WI

5353

3-21

1616

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

1845

Cen

ter D

r.M

adis

on, W

I 53

718-

6747

Dar

lingt

on, W

I 53

530

(608

) 935

-192

0W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

6D

arlin

gton

, WI

5353

0-92

10(6

08) 2

21-1

206

ext.

14(6

08) 7

76-4

830

(262

) 547

-187

6(6

08) 7

76-4

028

Lang

lade

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Ecol

ogic

al S

ervi

ces

Offi

ceR

esou

rce

Cen

ter

223

E.St

einf

est R

d.13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

N15

45 C

ount

y R

oad

W26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r.83

7 C

lerm

ont S

t.P.

O.B

ox 5

05An

tigo,

WI

5440

9Pl

over

, WI

5446

7M

erril

l, W

I 54

452-

1100

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9An

tigo,

WI

5440

9-05

05(7

15) 6

23-4

190

ext.

3111

(715

) 345

-791

1 ex

t.2

(715

) 536

-600

3(9

20) 8

66-1

717

(715

) 627

-620

6

Linc

oln

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Ecol

ogic

al S

ervi

ces

Offi

ceLi

ncol

n C

o.C

ourth

ouse

223

E.St

einf

est R

d.13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

N15

45 C

ount

y R

oad

W26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r..

1106

Eas

t Eig

hth

St.

Antig

o, W

I 54

409

Plov

er, W

I 54

467

Mer

rill,

WI

5445

2-11

13N

ew F

rank

en, W

I 54

229

Mer

rill,

WI

5445

2-25

54(7

15) 6

23-4

190

ext

.311

1(7

15) 3

45-7

911

ext.

2(7

15) 5

36-6

003

(920

) 866

-171

7(7

15) 5

36-0

333

Man

itow

ocZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

4319

Exp

o D

r., P

.O.B

ox 6

1022

20 E

ast C

TH V

Suite

211

, Old

For

t Squ

are

Man

itow

oc S

ervi

ce C

ente

r26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r.M

anito

woc

, WI

5422

1-06

10M

ishi

cot,

WI

5422

821

1 N

orth

Bro

adw

ay43

19 E

xpo

Dr.,

P.O

.Box

758

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9(9

20) 6

83-4

185/

4187

(920

) 755

-494

2G

reen

Bay

, WI

5430

3M

anito

woc

, WI

5422

1-07

58(9

20) 8

66-1

717

(920

) 448

-282

4(9

20) 6

83-5

119

Mar

atho

nZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

210

Rive

r Dr.

5301

Rib

Mou

ntai

n D

r.13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

Wau

sau

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

2661

Sco

tt To

wer

Dr.

Wau

sau,

WI

5440

3-54

49W

ausa

u, W

I 54

401-

7599

Plov

er, W

I 54

467

326

Rive

r Dr.

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9(7

15) 2

61-6

020/

6021

(715

) 241

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2(7

15) 3

45-7

911

ext.

3W

ausa

u, W

I 54

403-

5451

(920

) 866

-171

7(7

15) 8

48-2

330

Mar

inet

teZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

Mar

inet

te C

o.C

ourth

ouse

101

N.O

gden

Rd.

Suite

211

, Old

For

t Squ

are

USD

A Se

rvic

e C

ente

r26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r.19

26 H

all A

ve.

P.O

.Box

208

211

Nor

th B

road

way

700

Ow

ena

St.

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9M

arin

ette

, WI

5414

3-17

17Pe

shtig

o, W

I 54

157

Gre

en B

ay, W

I 54

303

Mar

inet

te, W

I 54

143-

1938

(920

) 866

-171

7(7

15) 7

32-7

535

(715

) 582

-504

1(9

20) 4

48-2

824

(715

) 735

-568

0

Page 18: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 147

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

Co

un

tyC

ou

nty

Zo

nin

gD

NR

Co

rps

of

En

gin

eers

NR

CS

US

FW

S

Mar

quet

teZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

EU

SDA,

NR

CS

Leop

old

Wet

land

Mgt

.Offi

ceM

arqu

ette

Co.

Cou

rthou

se42

7 E.

Tow

er D

rive,

Sui

te 1

0013

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

480

Und

erw

ood

Ave.

W10

040

Cas

cade

Mou

ntai

n R

d.P.

O.B

ox 2

1W

auto

ma,

WI

5498

2-69

27Pl

over

, WI

5446

7P.

O.B

ox 2

17Po

rtage

, WI

5390

1M

onte

llo, W

I 53

949

(920

) 787

-468

6 ex

t.30

16(7

15) 3

45-7

911

ext.

4M

onte

llo, W

I 53

949-

9248

(608

) 742

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0 ex

t.14

or 1

5(6

08) 2

97-9

136

ext.

259

(608

) 297

-916

5

Men

omin

eeZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ETr

ibal

Lia

ison

Ecol

ogic

al S

ervi

ces

Offi

ceM

enom

inee

Co.

Cou

rthou

se64

7 La

kela

nd R

d.Su

ite 2

11, O

ld F

ort S

quar

eM

TE F

ores

try D

ivis

ion

2661

Sco

tt To

wer

Dr.

P.O

.Box

279

Shaw

ano,

WI

5416

6-38

4321

1 N

orth

Bro

adw

ayP.

O.B

ox 6

70, H

wy.

47 N

orth

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9Ke

shen

a, W

I 54

135

(715

) 526

-423

2G

reen

Bay

, WI

5430

3Ke

shen

a, W

I 54

135

(920

) 866

-171

7(7

15) 7

99-3

001

(920

) 448

-282

4(7

15) 7

99-3

896

Milw

auke

eN

ot A

vaila

ble

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Wis

cons

in P

rivat

e La

nds

Offi

ce23

00 N

.M.L

.Kin

g Jr

.Dr.

Firs

t Fed

eral

Sav

ings

Ban

k Bl

d.W

auke

sha

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

4511

Hel

gese

n D

r.M

ilwau

kee,

WI

5321

216

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

1320

Pew

auke

e R

d.M

adis

on, W

I 53

718-

6747

(414

) 263

-852

2W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

6W

auke

sha,

WI

5318

8-38

78(6

08) 2

21-1

206

ext.

14(2

62) 5

47-4

171

(262

) 547

-375

4

Mon

roe

Zoni

ng A

dmin

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tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Nec

edah

Nat

iona

l Wild

life R

efug

eC

omm

unity

Ser

vice

Cen

ter

3550

Mor

mon

Cou

lee

Roa

dAt

tent

ion:

CO

-RU

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

W79

96 2

0thSt

reet

Wes

t14

307

Cou

nty

Hw

y.B

(C-2

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1114

Sou

th O

ak S

t.82

0 In

dust

rial D

rive,

Sui

te 3

Nec

edah

, WI

5464

6-75

31Sp

arta

, WI

5465

6-45

09La

Cro

sse,

WI

5460

1La

Cre

scen

t, M

N 5

5947

-133

8Sp

arta

, WI

5465

6-42

15(6

08) 5

65-2

551

(608

) 269

-873

7/87

38(6

08) 7

85-9

013

(507

) 895

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08) 2

69-8

136

Oco

nto

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ng A

dmin

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tor

DN

R

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

Oco

nto

Co.

Cou

rthou

se10

1 N

.Ogd

en R

d.Su

ite 2

11, O

ld F

ort S

quar

eO

cont

o Se

rvic

e C

ente

r26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

r.30

1 W

ashi

ngto

n St

.P.

O.B

ox 2

0821

1 N

orth

Bro

adw

ay11

1 Ar

butu

s Av

e., P

.O.B

ox 1

5N

ew F

rank

en, W

I 54

229

Oco

nto,

WI

5415

3-16

21Pe

shtig

o, W

I 54

157

Gre

en B

ay, W

I 54

303

Oco

nto,

WI

5415

3-16

26(9

20) 8

66-1

717

(920

) 834

-682

7(7

15) 5

82-5

041

(920

) 448

-282

4(9

20) 8

34-5

688

One

ida

Zoni

ng A

dmin

istra

tor

DN

RU

SAC

OE

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

Fish

erie

s As

sist

ance

Offi

ceO

neid

a C

o.C

ourth

ouse

107

Sutli

ff Av

e.13

14 C

ontra

ctor

’s Bl

vd.

Rhi

nela

nder

Ser

vice

Cen

ter

2800

Lak

e Sh

ore

Driv

e Ea

st1

Cou

rthou

se S

quar

eR

hine

land

er, W

I 54

501

Plov

er, W

I 54

467

639

Wes

t Kem

p St

reet

Ashl

and,

WI

5480

6R

hine

land

er, W

I 54

501-

0400

(715

) 365

-899

1(7

15) 3

45-7

911

ext.

2R

hine

land

er, W

I 54

501-

3879

(715

) 682

-618

5(7

15) 3

69-6

130

(715

) 362

-594

1

Out

agam

ieZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stEc

olog

ical

Ser

vice

s O

ffice

410

Sout

h W

alnu

t Stre

et80

1 E.

Wal

nut A

venu

eSu

ite 2

11, O

ld F

ort S

quar

eAp

plet

on S

ervi

ce C

ente

r26

61 S

cott

Tow

er D

rive

Appl

eton

, WI

5491

1G

reen

Bay

, WI

5430

121

1 N

orth

Bro

adw

ay33

69 W

est B

rew

ster

St.

New

Fra

nken

, WI

5422

9(9

20) 8

32-5

255

(920

) 448

-516

6G

reen

Bay

, WI

5430

3Ap

plet

on, W

I 54

914-

1602

(920

) 866

-171

7(9

20) 4

48-2

824

(920

) 733

-157

5

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PAGE 148

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

Co

un

tyC

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nty

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nin

gD

NR

Co

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of

En

gin

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NR

CS

US

FW

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f.Zo

ning

Adm

inis

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NR

USA

CO

ED

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ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stLe

opol

d W

etla

nd M

gt.O

ffice

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al S

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ank

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tratio

n Bu

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gW

1004

0 C

asca

de M

ount

ain

Rd.

121

W.M

ain,

P.O

.Box

994

P.O

.Box

408

1617

E.R

acin

e Av

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m.1

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1 W

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n, P

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ox 9

94Po

rtage

, WI

5390

1Po

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ashi

ngto

n, W

I 53

074

Plym

outh

, WI

5307

3-04

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sha,

WI

5318

6Po

rt W

ashi

ngto

n, W

I 53

074

(608

) 742

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0 ex

t.14

or 1

5(2

62) 2

84-8

313

(920

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6 ex

t.30

31(2

62) 5

47-4

171

(262

) 284

-827

3

Oza

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f .Zo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

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NR

USA

CO

ED

istri

ct C

onse

rvat

ioni

stLe

opol

d W

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nd M

gt.O

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Ceda

r Sau

k Rd

Oza

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Co.

Adm

in.C

ente

r23

00 N

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.Kin

g Jr

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Firs

t Fed

eral

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k Bl

d.Ad

min

istra

tion

Build

ing

W10

040

Cas

cade

Mou

ntai

n R

d.12

1 W

.Mai

n, P

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ox 9

94M

ilwau

kee,

WI

5321

216

17 E

.Rac

ine

Ave.

, Rm

.101

121

W.M

ain,

P.O

.Box

994

Porta

ge, W

I 53

901

Port

Was

hing

ton,

WI

5307

4(4

14) 2

63-8

601

Wau

kesh

a, W

I 53

186

Port

Was

hing

ton,

WI

5307

4(6

08) 7

42-7

100

ext.

14 o

r 15

(262

) 284

-831

3(2

62) 5

47-4

171

(262

) 284

-827

3

Pepi

nZo

ning

Adm

inis

trato

rD

NR

U

SAC

OE

- St.

Paul

Dis

trict

Dis

trict

Con

serv

atio

nist

St.C

roix

Wet

land

Mgt

.Dis

trict

Pepi

n C

o.C

ourth

ouse

1300

W.C

laire

mon

t Ave

.At

tent

ion:

CO

-RPe

pin

Co.

Gov

t.C

ente

r17

64 9

5thSt

.74

0 7th

Ave.

W.,

P.O

.Box

39

P.O

.Box

400

119

0 Fi

fth S

treet

Eas

t74

0 7th

Ave.

W.,

P.O

.Box

39

New

Ric

hmon

d, W

I 54

017

Dur

and,

WI

5473

6Ea

u C

laire

, WI

5470

2-40

01St

.Pau

l, M

N 5

5101

-163

8D

uran

d, W

I 54

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win

, WI

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ox 3

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ake,

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, WI

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Page 20: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 149

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

Co

un

tyC

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nin

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rps

of

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gin

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NR

CS

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ning

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inis

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NR

USA

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ul D

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ctD

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onse

rvat

ioni

stFi

sher

ies

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stan

ce O

ffice

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mal

Bui

ldin

g, R

m.2

0587

5 S.

4thAv

e.At

tent

ion:

CO

-RU

SDA

Serv

ice

Cen

ter

2800

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e Sh

ore

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e Ea

st10

4 S.

Eyde

r Ave

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O.B

ox 2

2019

0 Fi

fth S

treet

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t92

0 D

onal

d St

., R

m.1

02As

hlan

d, W

I 54

806

Philip

s, W

I 54

555-

1342

Park

Fal

ls, W

I 54

552

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aul,

MN

551

01-1

638

Med

ford

, WI

5445

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96(7

15) 6

82-6

185

(715

) 339

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2(7

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62-4

684

ext.

102

(651

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ning

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inis

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t Fed

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nion

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ve S

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ente

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11 H

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I 53

177

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I 53

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acin

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ain

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ison

, WI

5371

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62) 8

86-8

475

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I 53

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land

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cons

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4511

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and

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ter,

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5358

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ville

, WI

5353

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outh

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1850

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man

Driv

e, S

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on, W

I 53

718-

6747

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ent,

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559

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I 53

581

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tor

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Dis

trict

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serv

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nist

Wis

cons

in P

rivat

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nds

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ceR

ock

Co.

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se25

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k Bl

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sen

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n St

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I 53

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03 S

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7996

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et W

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311

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110

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smith

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I 54

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7531

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Lady

smith

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8(6

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551

(715

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land

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win

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ter

1764

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1101

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mic

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win

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5400

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141

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d, W

I 54

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son,

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59(7

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uk C

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5371

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505

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te 2

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I 53

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5391

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75-3

228

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559

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boo,

WI

5391

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83(6

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21-1

206

ext.

14(6

08) 3

55-3

285

(507

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9(6

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420

Page 21: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 150

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

Co

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Page 22: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 151

appendix b. contacts for wisconsin wetland information

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PAGE 152

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

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notes

Page 25: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

PAGE 156

We gratefully acknowledge that funding and support for the second edition ofthis handbook was provided by the "Partnerships for Wildlife" grant program

of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Network andFund, C.S. Mott Foundation, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

Many talented people contributed to this book, but we owe a special debt of grati-tude to Jeff Nania, Executive Director of the Wisconsin Waterfowl Association, forgenerously contributing his considerable knowledge of and experience with restora-tion planning, site selection, project implementation, and wetland management.

Major contributors and reviewers of this handbook were:Tom Bernthal (Wisconsin DNR), Quentin Carpenter (University of Wisconsin), NoelCutright (Wisconsin Electric), Peter David (Great Lakes Indian Fish and WildlifeCommission), Gail Epping (Aldo Leopold Nature Center), Tim Grunewald (WisconsinDNR), Randy Hunt, (U.S. Geological Survey), Art Kitchen (U.S. Fish and WildlifeService), Joanne Kline (Wisconsin DNR), Alice Klink (Natural Resources ConservationService), Jeff Nania (Wisconsin Waterfowl Association), Don Reed (SoutheasternWisconsin Regional Planning Commission), Dave Siebert (Wisconsin DNR), Pat Trochlell(Wisconsin DNR), Dreux Watermolen (Wisconsin DNR), Bob Weihrouch (NaturalResources Conservation Service), and Joy Zedler (University of Wisconsin). MegTurville-Heitz, Oakland Ink, edited and designed the first edition.

Other advisors who offered assistance include:Renae Anderson (Natural Resources Conservation Service), Craig Annun (University ofWisconsin-La Crosse), Jeff Bode (Wisconsin DNR), Wil Cwikiel (Tip of the MittWatershed Council), Linda DePaul (Wisconsin DNR), Howard Ecklund (U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers), Steve Eggers (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), Tim Ehlinger(University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), Maureen Gallagher (U.S. Fish and WildlifeService), DuWayne Gebken (Wisconsin DNR), Kathleen Griswold, Richard Henneger(Wisconsin DNR), Jill Hewitt, Jim Ihrig (Natural Resources Conservation, Inc.), KellyKearns (Wisconsin DNR), Jim Knowles (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), Paul Kooiker(Wisconsin DNR), Dick Lillie (Wisconsin DNR), Roberto Lindig-Cisneros (Universityof Wisconsin), Debbie Maurer (University of Wisconsin), Jim Meeker (NorthlandCollege), Louis Meister (LMS Construction), Charlie Newling (Wetland ScienceApplications), Kim Rinzel, Jim Reinartz (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), CarrieReinhardt (University of Minnesota), Jim Ruwaldt (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), SueSchumacher (Wisconsin DNR), Galen Smith (University of Wisconsin-Whitewater),Edith Thompson, Tom Thrall (Natural Resources Conservation Service), Maria Valencia(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), Bill Volkert (Wisconsin DNR), John Wagnitz (aide toState Senator Richard Grobschmidt), Pete Wood (Wisconsin DNR), Brock Woods(Wisconsin DNR), and Lesley Zuehls (University of Illinois).

We are also very grateful to Tom Bernthal (Wisconsin DNR) for helping secure fundingfor this second edition of the handbook, and to Dreux Watermolen (Wisconsin DNR),Martin Griffin (Wisconsin DNR), and Michelle Voss (Wisconsin DNR) for their pro-fessional care with the editing and layout of the handbook.

We gratefully acknowledge the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program,part of the Wisconsin Department of Administration, and overseen by theWisconsin Coastal Management Council, for funding the 2010 reprintingof this second edition of this handbook.

WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOK

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments . . . . .

U. o

f Fl

ori

da,

Cen

ter

for

Aquat

ic P

lan

ts

(Gai

nes

ville

)

Page 26: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

About the AuthorsAlice Thompson is a wetland ecologist and owner of Thompson and Associates Wetland Services basedin South Milwaukee. She holds a masters degree from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where sheconducted research on reed canary grass. Alice is a Professional Wetland Scientist certified by the Society ofWetland Scientists. She serves as a board member (currently the Board Chair) for the Wisconsin WetlandsAssociation. Alice is active in wetland delineation, restoration, mitigation, and invasive species control, andconsults on wetland-related issues and projects throughout the state. She also teaches field ecology and wet-land restoration workshops for the Wisconsin Wetlands Association and the Morton Arboretum in Lisle,Illinois. Alice dedicates this book to the memory of her father, Daniel Q. Thompson, who taught her tolove wetlands and the wild.

“The part about restoration that haunts me the most are the buried seeds waiting patientlyin the soil for us. I think these buried seed banks are a treasure for our generation that willbe lost if we do not respond quickly. Unlike the birds or mammals, they are motionless,trapped, invisible, soundless, out of mind, waiting for us to do the right thing.”

Charlie Luthin is a conservation biologist who has worked on wetland conservation programs and issuesfor more than 20 years. He has been affiliated with several state, national, and international nonprofit con-servation organizations and has worked extensively in Asia, Mexico, Central America, and North America.Charlie has designed and undertaken programs in wildlife research, endangered species management, pro-tected areas planning, restoration ecology, conservation education, and citizen activism. He has coordinat-ed or co-coordinated five international conferences on wetlands and wildlife conservation and has helpedfound two local grassroots organizations. Charlie served as the first executive director of the Aldo LeopoldFoundation in 1995 (Baraboo, Wisconsin) and was the executive director of the Wisconsin WetlandsAssociation from 1998 to 2003. He serves currently as executive director of the Natural ResourcesFoundation of Wisconsin, a statewide organization that raises funds to support conservation of rare plants,animals, and ecosystems. Charlie holds a bachelors degree in biology from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and a masters degree in zoology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

About Wisconsin Wetlands AssociationWisconsin Wetlands Association (WWA) is a statewide, nonprofit, science-based educational and advocacyorganization dedicated to the protection, restoration, and enjoyment of Wisconsin’s wetlands. WWAfocuses attention on key wetland/aquatic issues that face the state. The organization trains citizens in wet-land protection, and has developed a “Wetland Watch Network” comprised of a growing number of citi-zen activists throughout Wisconsin. Each year WWA hosts a statewide Wetland Scientists Forum.

Members are invited to participate in field trips and programs and receive a quarterly newsletter. Activistscan receive periodic email updates and alerts about current wetland issues, legislation, and projects.

For more information contact: Wisconsin Wetlands Association222 South Hamilton St., Suite #1Madison, WI 53703 (608) 250-9971 [email protected] www.wiscwetlands.org

Production CreditsEditors: Martin P.A. Griffin and Dreux J. Watermolen.Graphic designer: Michelle Voss.Cover illustrations: Wetland vision, Elizabeth Hollister Zimmerman; Turtle, Dover Publications.Illustrators: Eric Allness, Phyllis Bick (Courtesy of Missouri Department of Conservation), Dover

Publications, Thomas W. Ford (Courtesy of Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council), JessieHewitt, Cary Hunkel, David Kopitzke, Jim McEvoy, Müller, Jeff Nania, Brian Perry,Linda Pohlod, Georgine Price, Charles W. Schwartz, Jens V. Sivers, and Deanne D.Wilde. Aquatic plant line drawings by the University of Florida Center for AquaticPlants (Gainesville) are their copyright property and used with permission.

Photographers: Eric Allness, Peter David, Steve Eggers, Tim Ehlinger, Sandy Engel, Kevin Halvorson, Mary Hollinger, Art Kitchen, Joanne Kline, Charlie Luthin, Jeff Nania, NaturalResources Conservation Service, Robert Queen, William Radke, Jim Reinartz,Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Alice Thompson, Daniel Q.Thompson, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Michelle Voss, Troy Weldy, and WisconsinWetlands Association.

Page 27: WETLAND RESTORATION HANDBOOKdnr.wi.gov/topic/Wetlands/documents/esScience/WRHback.pdf · Farmed wetlands–An NRCS term for land that is partially altered but because of wetness,

Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesBureau of Integrated Science ServicesP.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707

PUB-SS-989 2010

Printed on recycled paper.

Mic

hel

le V

oss