Wete district profile - UNICEFWete district profile ix Preface T his revised district profile is an update of the previous report produced in 2007.The development of the document was

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The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar

June 2017

WETEDistrict Profile

Mjini

Maghar ibi

Kusini

Kati

Mkoani

Chake Chake

Kaskazini 'B'

Kaskazini 'A'

Micheweni

Wete

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Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.1 Background information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

1.2 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

1.3 Structure of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

2 Population characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.1 Population characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

2.2 Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

2.3 Household size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

2.4 Distribution of household head by sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

3 Economic activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.1 Economic activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

3.2 Registered businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

3.3 Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3.3.1 Extension services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3.3.2 Crop production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 3.3.3 Agricultural development programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

3.4 Livestock sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 3.4.1 Vaccinated animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 3.4.2 Provision of extension services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 3.4.3 Livestock development project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

3.5 Fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 3.5.1 Aquaculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 3.5.2 Fishing vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 3.5.3 Seaweed production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

3.6 Household welfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3.6.1 Major occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3.6.2 Basic needs poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 3.6.3 Food poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

4 Social Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 4.1 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 4.1.1 Schools within the district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 4.1.2 Enrolment in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 4.1.3 Accessibility to schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 4.1.4 Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 4.1.5 School facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 4.1.6 Performance in schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

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4.2 Water and sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 4.2.1 Water projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 4.2.2 Source of drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 4.2.3 Distribution of the main sources of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 4.2.4 Boreholes in the district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 4.2.5 Boreholes and areas supplied with water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 4.2.6 Water connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 4.2.7 Distance to clean drinking water source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 4.2.8 Toilet facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 4.2.9 Garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

4.3 Child protection issues, gender violence and disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 4.3.1 Violence against children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 4.3.2 Children living in vulnerable circumstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 4.3.3 Gender-based violence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 4.3.4 People with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

4.4 Social protection services: Old age, welfare and pension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 4.4.1 Small Cash Transfer Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 4.4.2 Universal Pension Scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 4.4.3 Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 4.4.4 Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

4.5 Basic health indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 4.5.1 Number of health facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 4.5.2 Health personnel and level of education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 4.5.3 Distribution of staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 4.5.4 Family planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 4.5.5 Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 4.5.6 Immunization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 4.5.7 Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 4.5.8 HIV and AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 4.5.9 Antenatal (ANC) and postnatal (PNC) services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 4.5.10 Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 4.5.11 Deaths at all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 4.5.12 Deaths under five years age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 4.5.13 Top 10 causes of morbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

5 Cross-cutting issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 5.1 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

5.2 Sources of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

6 Priority areas and recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1 Priority areas and recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1.1 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1.2 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1.3 Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1.4 Fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 6.1.5 Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 6.1.6 Gender and social protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 6.1.7 Water and sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 6.1.8 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 6.1.9 District council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Appendix: SWOC analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

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List of tables

Table 1: Constituencies, wards and shehias 1

Table 2: Population of Wete district by sex, average household size and sex ratio 6

Table 3: Age dependency ratio 7

Table 4: Distribution of household heads 8

Table 5: Registered businesses 11

Table 6: Distribution of extension staff by educational level 13

Table 7: Food crop production, 2015/16 14

Table 8: Agricultural projects 16

Table 9: Livestock statistics 16

Table 10: Vaccinated animals 17

Table 11: Distribution of staff 18

Table 12: Development projects 19

Table 13: Means of catching fish 19

Table 14: Groups engaged in aquaculture 21

Table 15: Fishing vessels 22

Table 16: Seaweed production, 2013–2015 22

Table 17: Major types of occupation 23

Table 18: Basic needs poverty 24

Table 19: Food poverty 24

Table 20: Types of educational institutions 25

Table 21: School enrolment 28

Table 22: GER, GPI for the GER and private enrolment in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools (calculated based on the 2012 Census data) 28

Table 23: NERs and NER GPIs, 2012 28

Table 24: Mode of transport to school 29

Table 25: Selected indicators for teachers in pre-primary schools 30

Table 26: Selected indicators for teachers in primary schools 30

Table 27: Selected indicators for teachers in secondary schools 31

Table 28: Selected indicators for facilities in pre-primary schools 32

Table 29: Selected indicators for facilities in primary schools 34

Table 30: Selected indicators for facilities in secondary schools 35

Table 31: Form II pass rate, by school and school ranking in terms of average Form II score, 2013 36

Table 32: Main sources of drinking water 37

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Table 33: Boreholes and their condition 38

Table 34: Boreholes and areas supplied with water 38

Table 35: Water connection 40

Table 36: Households by distance to drinking water in dry season 41

Table 37: Houses with latrine 42

Table 38: Waste disposal in households 43

Table 39: Child abuse cases, Jan–Dec 2015 44

Table 40: Most vulnerable children 45

Table 41: Gender violence, Jan–Dec 2015 46

Table 42: Type of disabilities 47

Table 43: Old age population 48

Table 44: Households covered by the PSSN programme 49

Table 45: List of pitches 49

Table 46: Health facilities by ownership, 2016 51

Table 47: Number of staff and their qualification 52

Table 48: Number of personnel per health centre 52

Table 49: Number of community health workers (CHWs) 53

Table 50: Family planning methods 54

Table 51: IMCI indicators, 2016 55

Table 52: Child immunization, 2016 56

Table 53: Malnutrition cases per facility, 2016 57

Table 54: Reproductive and child health (RCH) indicators, 2016 58

Table 55: Maternal mortality 59

Table 56: Deaths at all ages at Wete Hospital 59

Table 57: Deaths among children aged under five years, by diagnosis 60

Table 58: Top 10 causes of morbidity, 2015 61

Table 59: Shehias affected by seawater inundation 63

Table 60: Main sources of energy for cooking 64

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List of figures

Figure 1: Map of Wete – Population distribution 5

Figure 2: Map of Wete – Number of households 7

Figure 3: Household size 8

Figure 4: Map of Wete – Average household size 8

Figure 5: Households with toilets 42

Figure 6: Households connected to ZECO electricity 62

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Preface

This revised district profile is an update of the previous report produced in 2007.The development of the document was solicited by the President’s Office – Regional Administration, Local Government and Special Departments (PORALGSD) with financial

support from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The Institute of Finance Management (IFM) was commissioned to facilitate the development of the district profile. Members of the consulting team worked closely with the PORALGSD. District teams were also involved in data collection and validation of the report. Heads of department from the district and regional levels were trained on how to review and update a profile. The idea was to ensure that there is a necessary capacity to carry out a review of the profile in the next round.

The consultants would like to express deep gratitude for the support and cooperation provided by all individuals who were involved in this assignment, particularly staff from the regions, district offices, PORALGSD, OCGS and UNICEF. It was envisioned that the current profile should contain a time series data which is disaggregated up to the shehia level. Unfortunately, this objective was not attained for most indicators mainly due to unavailability of data collected over a period detailed to the shehia level. It is our sincere hope that these gaps will be filled during the next review.

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List of abbreviations

AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

ANC antenatal care

ASSPLRD Agricultural Sector Support Project and Livestock and Rural Development

ASSP Agriculture Sector Support Programme

CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi

CHW community health worker

CVA cerebral vascular accident

DAS district administrative secretary

DC district commissioner

DSW Department of Social Welfare

GER gross enrolment ratio

GPI gender parity index

HBS Household Budget Survey

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HoH household head

IBBS Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey

ILO International Labour Organization

IMCI integrated management of childhood illness

LGA local government authority

MIVARF Marketing Infrastructure, Value Addition and Rural Finance

MKUZA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar

MSM men who have sex with men

NER net enrolment ratio

OCGS Office of the Chief Government Statistician

PLR pupil–latrine ratio

PCR pupil–classroom ratio

PHCU primary health care unit

PORALGSD President’s Office – Regional Administration, Local Government and Special Departments

PSSN Productive Social Safety Net

PTR pupil-teacher ratio

PWID people who inject drugs

RCH reproductive and child health

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RGoZ Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar

SACCO savings and credit cooperative organization

SDG Sustainable Development Goal

SWOC strength,weakness,opportunity and challenge

TAHA Tanzania Horticultural Association

TAMWA Tanzania Media Women’s Association

TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company

TASAF Tanzania Social Action Fund

THMIS Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey

TSh Tanzanian Shilling

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

URTI upper respiratory tract infection

UTI urinary tract infection

VIP ventilated improved pit

ZECO Zanzibar Electricity Corporation

ZIHTLP Zanzibar Integrated HIV/TB Leprosy Programme

ZPC Zanzibar Planning Commission

ZSGRP Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

ZUPS Universal Pension Scheme

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IntroductionThis chapter provides an overview of the administrative setup of Wete district. At the district level, there are two government tiers–the extension arm of the central government and the local government authority (LGA), which is formed by ward representatives. It also shows how the structure cascades down to the lowest rung of administration,the shehia.

Background informationWete district is one of the two districts in Kaskazini Pemba Region, in Pemba Island. The other district in the region is Micheweni, which is along the southern part of the island. Wete district has 5 constituencies, 10 wards and 36 shehias. Table 1 presents a list of constituencies, wards and shehias in the Wete district.

Table 1: Constituencies, wards and shehias

Constituency Ward Shehia

Gando

Gando

Gando

Junguni

Ukunjwi

Fundo

BopweUtaani

Bopwe

Kojani

Mchanga Mdogo

Chwale

Mpambani

Kojani

Kinyikani

Mchanga Mdogo

Kiuyu

Kangagani

Kiuyu Kigongoni

Kiuyu Minungwini

Kambini

Chapter 1

Introduction

Continued

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Mtambwe

Mtambwe

Kisiwani

Mtambwe Kusini

Mtambwe Kaskazini

PikiPiki

Limbani

Mgogoni

Pandani

Pandani

Maziwani

Mzambarau ni Takao

Kinyasini

Mgogoni

Finya

Kinyasini

Kizimbani

Kiungoni

Mlindo

Shengejuu

Mjananza

Kiungoni

Pembeni

Wete Jadida

Selem

Jadida

Mtemani

Kipangani

5 10 36**This is the list effective March 2018. Subsequent data tables may include data for shehias that have already been moved into other districts prior to March 2018.

Administration

Wete district comprises the district commissioner’s office and the LGA. The former is headed by the district commissioner (DC,) who is assisted by the district administrative secretary (DAS), while the latter is headed by the district director. The DC’s office is part of the central government. Within the office of the DC, there are 12 departments: agriculture, health, education, planning, forestry, sports and culture, livestock, fishery, social welfare, water, construction and nutrition.

The shehia is at the lowest level of the central government, and is led by a sheha, who is appointed by the minister responsible for regional administration. A sheha is responsible for the registration of births and deaths as well as the coordination of other activities, as may be assigned by the DC from time to time.

There is a clear demarcation between the responsibilities of the two government tiers. The LGA is responsible for issues related to the environment and collection of levies within the boundaries of the district. The central government element oversees the provision of all public social services as well as security issues within the district.

Continued

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Politically elected leaders in the district include a citizens’ representative in the Council of Representatives (Baraza la Uwakilishi), which deals with issues related to Zanzibar only. The second politically elected leader is a member of Parliament, who represents the constituency in the National Assembly of the Union (Mainland and Zanzibar). A third political leader is a ward councilor, who is elected to represent citizens in the district council.

Structure of the reportThis profile is structured in six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introductory section, which provides background information. Chapter 2 describes population characteristics in the district. Chapter 3 elaborates on the main economic activities, and Chapter 4 provides information on the status of social services within the district. Chapter 5 presents cross-cutting issues, such as the environment. Chapter 6 covers priority areas and recommendations. A SWOC analysis is included in the appendix.

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Introduction This chapter provides a glimpse into the population within the district. It presents the population distribution in the district by shehia, sex and average household. It also provides detailed information on the sex ratio, average household size and the overall age dependency ratio.

2.1 Population characteristicsWete district has a total population of 107,916, which is equivalent to 8.3 per cent of the population of Zanzibar, based on the 2012 population census. Figure 1 shows the population distribution in different shehias.

As shown in Figure 1, there is a wide variation in the number of individuals across shehias in the district. The highest population is in Jadida shehia, with 6,193 residents, while Fundo shehia has 1,625 residents, which is the lowest population size in the district.

Figure 1: Map of Wete – Population distribution

Chapter 2

Population characteristics

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Table 2: Population of Wete district by sex, average household size and sex ratio

S . No . Shehia Population (number) Average household size

Sex ratioTotal Male Female

1 Jadida 6,193 2,922 3,271 5.4 89

2 Pandani 5,895 2,835 3,060 5.2 93

3 Kizimbani 5,875 2,826 3,049 5.5 93

4 Mtambwe Kaskazini 5,417 2,638 2,779 5.3 95

5 Bopwe 5,212 2,450 2,762 5.5 89

6 Kipangani 4,241 2,053 2,188 5.3 94

7 Limbani 3,919 1,897 2,022 5.5 94

8 Utaani 3,829 1,762 2,067 5.3 85

9 Mtambwe Kusini 3,791 1,901 1,890 5.1 101

10 Kambini 3,344 1,609 1,735 5.4 93

11 Mchanga Mdogo 3,280 1,569 1,711 5.6 92

12 Piki 3,274 1,582 1,692 5.1 93

13 Kisiwani 3,236 1,611 1,625 5.3 99

14 Kangagani 3,135 1,503 1,632 5.3 92

15 Kiuyu Minungwini 3,133 1,579 1,554 5.5 102

16 Kiungoni 3,112 1,513 1,599 5.2 95

17 Ukunjwi 2,769 1,379 1,390 5.2 99

18 Kiuyu Kigongoni 2,703 1,332 1,371 5.5 97

19 Selem 2,603 1,196 1,407 5.4 85

20 Junguni 2,547 1,257 1,290 5 97

21 Kojani 2,358 1,165 1,193 5 98

22 Kinyikani 2,296 1106 1,190 5.6 93

23 Gando 2,210 1,111 1,099 5.1 101

24 Mpambani 2,178 1,104 1,074 5 103

25 Maziwani 2,051 976 1,075 5.4 91

26 Mzambarauni Takao 2,001 983 1,018 5.1 97

27 Shengejuu 1,753 863 890 5.3 97

28 Chwale 1,698 838 860 5.3 97

29 Pembeni 1,689 844 845 5.6 100

30 Fundo 1,625 816 809 5.1 101

31 Finya 2,608 2,151 1,357 5.5 92

32 Kinyasini 3,188 1,514 1,647 5.4 94

33 Mgogoni 2,484 1,235 1,247 5.3 99

34 Mjananza 1,702 856 864 5.1 101

35 Mlindo 2,096 1,008 1,088 5.4 93

36 Mtemani - - - - -

Total/Average* 109,445 53,084 56,332 5 .3 94Source: Population and Housing Census, 2012. *Total for columns 3, 4 and 5, average for columns 6 and 7

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2.2 HouseholdsAs shown in Figure 2, shehias with a relatively high number of households include Jadida, Pandani and Mtambwe Kaskazini. Pembeni shehia has the least number of households in the district.

Figure 2: Map of Wete – Number of households

Source: Population and Housing Census, 2012.

Table 3 shows the age dependency ratio within the district, which was 1.13 in 2009/10 and 1.05 in 2014/15. This indicates an insignificant decline in the age dependency ratio in the district in 2014/15.

Table 3: Age dependency ratio

2004/05 2009/10 2014/15

Wete 1.15 1.13 1.05

Zanzibar 0.99 0.98 0.86

Source: Zanzibar Household Budget Survey, 2014/15.

2.3 Household sizeAs shown in Figure 3, the household size shows a marginal increase over the years. According to the Household Budget Survey (HBS) of 2014/15, the average household size is 6.2.

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Figure 3: Household size


The distribution of household size by shehia in Wete district is presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Map of Wete - Average household size


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2.4 Distribution of household head by sexAs indicated in Table 4, the number of male-headed households is higher compared to that of female-headed households within the district. The size of male-headed households in the district has increased from 70 per cent in 2009/10 to 77 per cent in 2014/15.

Table 4: Distribution of household heads

Year Male-headed household

Female-headed household

Total

2004/05 75.7 24.3 18,710

2009/10 70.0 30.0 23,406

2014/15 77.1 22.9 21,163


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Introduction This chapter covers the major economic sectors within the district and the welfare of its residents.

3.1 Economic activitiesThe economy of Wete district constitutes several sectors such as agriculture, fishery, livestock, hotels, merchandise trade and tourism. Details of each of these sectors are provided in this chapter, and wherever possible, this has been done at the shehia level.

3.2 Registered businessesTable 5 provides a list of business undertakings within the district. This list is according to the district register of businesses, which does not include unregistered businesses.

Table 5: Registered businesses

S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Trad

ers

(oth

er ty

pe

of b

usin

ess)

Bak

erie

s

Gar

ages

Age

ncie

s

But

cher

ies

Libr

arie

s

Savi

ngs

and

cred

it co

oper

ativ

e or

gani

zatio

ns

(SA

CC

Os)

1 Selem 114 3 5 2 2

2 Bopwe 31 1 1 2

3 Pembeni 7 0

4 Mzambarauni 15 0

5 Kiungoni 29 1

6 Mc/Mdogo 13 4 1

7 K/Kigongoni 32 1 0

8 Kangagani 37 1 0

9 K/Minungwini 28 0

10 Kizimbani 46 1 3 1 1 3 1

11 Kinyikani 13 2

12 Kojani 22 0

13 Mt/ Kusini 17 1

14 Maziwani 18 0

Chapter 3

Economic activities

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S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Trad

ers

(oth

er ty

pe

of b

usin

ess)

Bak

erie

s

Gar

ages

Age

ncie

s

But

cher

ies

Libr

arie

s

Savi

ngs

and

cred

it co

oper

ativ

e or

gani

zatio

ns

(SA

CC

Os)

15 Limbani 28 2 0

17 Gando 24 1

18 Chwale 7 2 1 1

19 Jadida 113 2 2 5 3 0

20 Fundo 25 0

21 Kambini 26 1 1 1

22 Shengejuu 29 5 0

23 Ukunjwi 19 1 0

24 Kisiwani 12 1

25 Junguni 9 0

26 Kipangani 101 1 2 1 1 1

27 Utaani 11 1 2 2 1

28 Pandani 58 3 1 1

29 Piki 30 1 1

30 Mt/Kaskazini 30 1

31 Finya 20 2 1

32 Kinyasini 15 1

33 Mgogoni 21

34 Mjananza 9

35 Mlindo 8 1 2

36 Mtemani 17 1

Total 1,034 21 17 15 10 12 19

Source: Wete district, 2016.

3.3 AgricultureWete district experiences a short rainy season, known as vuli, with planting around October/December and harvesting in late January/February, and a long rainy season, called masika, immediately following the vuli season, with planting in late February/March and harvesting in July/August. Such weather conditions are favourable for the production of a range of crops such as cloves, maize, sweet potato, cassava, paddy, banana, yams and different types of vegetables. The farming system in the district is characterized by mixed cropping mainly due to relatively small farm sizes. Also, due to geographical differences, the production of these crops is distributed in different pockets, keeping in mind soil conditions and other geographical characteristics of the area.

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3.3.1 Extension services

The agricultural sector is supported by the government through the provision of extension services in different shehias. Table 6 indicates the number of staff who provide such services in each shehia in the district, and their education level.

Table 6: Distribution of extension staff by educational level

S . No .

Shehia No . of staff in shehia

Qualification Zone Zonal staff

Qualification

1 Utaani 0

Wete 1 Diploma

2 Limbani 1 Diploma3 Jadida 04 Mtemani 05 Kipangani 06 Selem 07 Pandani 1 Diploma8 Bopwe 0

Gando 1 Diploma9 Kizimbani 010 Gando 011 Junguni 1 Diploma12 Ukunjwi 013 Fundo 0 Fundo 1 Diploma14 Kisiwani 1 Form III

Mtambwe 1 Diploma15 Piki 016 Mzambarauni Takao 017 Mtabwe Kusini 1 Form III18 Mtambwe Kaskazini 019 Pembeni 0

Shengejuu 1 Degree

20 Kiungoni 021 Shengejuu 1 Form III22 Chwale 023 Mpambani 024 Kojani 1 Form III25 Maziwani 026 Mchanga Mdogo 0

Kangagani 1 Diploma

27 Kinyikani 028 Kambini 1 Diploma29 Kiuyu Kigongoni 030 Kiuyu Minungwini 031 Ole 1 Certificate32 Mjini Ole 033 Kangagani 0

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S . No .

Shehia No . of staff in shehia

Qualification Zone Zonal staff

Qualification

34 Kinyasini 1 Certificate35 Mgogoni 036 Finya 0


3.3.2 Crop production

The farming system of the district involves the production of different types of crops such as cassava, sweet potato, coco yams and banana. Table 7 indicates the target and achievement for each type of food crop produced in the district, measured in tons. Other crops such as groundnuts, cowpeas, sorghum and maize are also produced in the district.

Table 7: Food crop production, 2015/16

S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Cassava (tons) Sweet potato (tons)

Coco yams (tons) Banana (tons)

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

1 Pandani 504 357 332 172 12 0 131 21

2 Ukunjwi 483 287 41 4 8 0 58 8

3 Shengejuu 480 258 87 27 13 1 80 17

4 Fundo 436 283 158 90 16 1 62 24

5 Junguni 424 311 47 7 18 2 134 32

6 Kambini 418 283 104 42 5 0.5 84 24

7 Mchanga Mdogo 407 267 318 37 8 0 99 24

8 Kinyikani 396 221 57 8 6 0 67 16

9 M/ Kaskazini 394 320 36 4 14 0 107 26

10 Mtambwe Kusini 391 309 32 3 6 0 104 25

11 Gando 384 275 42 2 16 1 122 37

12 Maziwani 373 379 288 72 7 1 56 12

13 Kisiwani 347 279 27 8 13 1 87 20

14 Kangagani 328 238 46 4 2 1 77 16

15 Pembeni 312 119 211 56 10 0 72 10

16 Piki 311 224 160 14 8 1 92 22

17 Kiungoni 310 190 58 4 10 0 76 6

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S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Cassava (tons) Sweet potato (tons)

Coco yams (tons) Banana (tons)

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

Targ

eted

Ach

ieve

d

18 M/ Takao 308 166 223 12 11 1 104 28

19 Chwale 305 119 62 14 4 0 64 6

20 Bopwe 285 113 7 3 6 1 28 5

21 Kizimbani 268 127 2 2 8 3 34 6

22 Utaani 255 96 19 2 6 0 26 2

23 Kojani 254 184 58 15 7 0 52 8

24 Mpambani 250 130 64 12 4 0 60 6

25 Kiuyu Minungwi 227 118 38 3 5 0 68 4

26 Limbani 227 85 22 4 4 0 30 3

27 Kiuyu Kigongoni 204 142 32 3 5 0 62 4

28 Selem 158 31 4 1 8 0 16 1

29 Kipangani 150 49 4 1 1 0 20 2

30 Jadida 78 9 7 1 1 0 12 2

31 Mtemani 74 7 6 1 1 0 10 1

32 Finya -

33 Kinyasini -

34 Mgogoni -

35 Mjananza -

36 Mlindo -

Total 9,741 5,976 2,592 628 243 14.5 2,094 418

Source: Wete district, 2015.Source: Mkoani district, 2015.

3.3.3 Agricultural development programmes

So far, there have been two agriculture projects implemented in the district. The first project, Agricultural Services Support Program (ASSP), aims at improving household income, and thus, contributes towards poverty reduction. This project has been implemented in all shehias in the district. The second project, Marketing Infrastructure And Value Addition Rural Finance (MIVARF), focuses on value addition for agricultural produce and has been implemented in 80 shehias which include Pandani, Pembeni, Kinyikani, Mchanga Mdogo, Kambini, Mtambwe Kusini, Ole and Gando. ASSP has been implemented from 2014 to 2017, while MIVARF commenced in 2013 and ended in 2017. Table 8 presents a summary of agriculture projects in the district.

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Table 8: Agricultural projects

S . No . Name of the project Objectives Place Period

1 Agricultural Services Support Program (ASSP)

Improve household income and reduce poverty

All shehias 2014–2017

2 Marketing Infrastructure And Value Addition Rural Finance (MIVARF)

Value addition for agricultural produce

Pandani, Pembeni Kinyikani Mchanga Mdogo Kambini Mtambwe Kusini Ole and Gando

2013–2017


3.4 Livestock sectorThere are different types of livestock in the district: cattle, goat, chicken, duck, sheep, rabbit, quail and donkey. Table 9 provides statistics for each type of livestock in various shehias in the district.

Table 9: Livestock statistics

S . No . Shehia Cattle Goat Chicken Duck Sheep Rabbit Quail Donkey Total

1 Selem 37 50 1,200 64 5 10 - - 1,366

2 Bopwe 120 85 1,613 120 2 15 - - 1,966

3 M/Takao 152 15 1,731 70 - 4 - - 1,972

4 Kiungoni 300 110 655 80 - - - - 1,145

5 Mchanga Mdogo 31 120 962 55 - - - - 1,168

6 Kiuyu Kigongoni 86 45 952 62 - - - - 1,145

7 Kangagani 400 180 688 105 - 12 - - 1,385

8 Kiuyu Miningwini 150 70 836 95 - - - - 1,151

9 Kizimbani 165 95 1,502 112 - 12 - - 1,876

10 Kinyikani 62 145 993 75 - 10 - - 1,285

11 Kojani 150 70 175 5 - - - - 400

12 Mtambwe Kusini 180 67 934 75 - - - - 1,246

13 Mpambani 120 55 167 10 - - - - 352

14 Limbeni 335 86 2,016 98 5 15 200 - 2,815

15 Gando 430 20 1,701 82 - 10 - - 2,243

16 Chwale 82 30 937 67 - - - - 1,116

17 Jadida 120 35 1,800 55 5 12 - - 1,747

18 Kambini 125 57 967 18 - - - - 1,167

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S . No . Shehia Cattle Goat Chicken Duck Sheep Rabbit Quail Donkey Total

19 Ukunjwi 145 15 894 78 - 9 - - 1,141

20 Shengejuu 90 26 958 64 - - - - 1,138

21 Kisiwani 250 15 5,160 115 - 8 - - 5,548

22 Junguni 285 12 1,609 26 - - - - 1,932

23 Kipangani 52 41 1,083 61 - - - - 1,237

24 Utaani 152 54 2,560 115 6 18 - - 2,905

25 Pandani 150 35 1,909 150 - 13 - - 2,267

26 Piki 92 14 1,682 72 - - - - 1,860

27 Fundo 110 75 1,809 135 5 - - - 2,134

28Mtambwe

152 61 2,052 189 5 - - 8 2,467Kaskazini

29 Maziwani 29 12 1,044 27 - - - - 1,112

30 Pembeni 53 22 1,025 20 - - - - 1,120

31 Kinyasini 112 53 1,098 81 - - - - 1,342

32 Mgogoni 86 20 1,063 51 - - - - 1,220

33 Finya 97 12 1,068 38 - - - - 1,205

34 Wingwi Mjananza 48 9 957 18 - - - - 1,032

35 Wingwi Mlindo 115 18 1,692 102 - - - - 1,827

36 Mtemani 200 15 1,300 40 - - - - 1,555Source: Wete district, 2015.

3.4.1 Vaccinated animals

A list of vaccinated animals within the district is provided in Table 10. As shown, animals including cattle, goat, dogs/cats were vaccinated against rabies, and chicken/duck/quail against Newcastle, gumboro and fowl pox disease.

Table 10: Vaccinated animals

S . No .

Disease vaccinated against Cattle Goat/

Sheep Dog/Cat Chicken/Duck/Quail

1. Lumpy skin disease 3,200

2. Rabies 1,897

3. Newcastle disease 42,000

4. Gumboro disease 24,000

5. Fowl pox disease 12,000

6. Foot and mouth disease

7. Black quarter disease

8. Anthrax diseaseSource: Wete district, 2015.

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3.4.2 Provision of extension services

The district provides services such as vaccinations and promotion of products through extension officers. Table 11 presents the number of extension officers and their qualification in each of the shehias in the district. All the shehias have extension officers for animal health, but there are no extension officers dealing with range management or veterinary attendants.

Table 11: Distribution of staff

S . No . Shehia

Diploma in animal health

Diploma in animal production

Diploma in range management

Certificate in artificial insemination

Veterinary attendant

Lab . technology

1 Bopwe 1

2 Chwale 1 1

3 Finya 1

4 Fundo 1

5 Gando 1

6 Jadida 1

7 Junguni 1

8 Kambini 1 1

9 Kangagani 1

10 Kinyasini 1

11 Kinyikani 1 1

12 Kipangani 1 1

13 Kisiwani 1 1

14 Kiungoni 1

15 Kiuyu Kigongoni 1 1

16 Kiuyu Minungwini 1

17 Kizimbani 1

18 Kojani 1 1

19 Limbani 1

20 Maziwani 1 1

21 Mchanga Mdogo 1

22 Mgogoni 1 1

23 Mjananza 1

24 Mlindo 1

25 Mpambani 1

26 Mtambwe Kaskazini 1 1

27 Mtambwe Kusini 1 1

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S . No . Shehia

Diploma in animal health

Diploma in animal production

Diploma in range management

Certificate in artificial insemination

Veterinary attendant

Lab . technology

28 Mtemani 1

29 Mzambarauni Takao 1 1

30 Pandani 1 1

31 Pembeni 1 1

32 Piki 1

33 Selem 1

34 Shengejuu 1

35 Ukunjwi 1

36 Utaani 1 1


3.4.3 Livestock development project

Table 12 provides a summary of development projects that were implemented within Wete district.

Table 12: Development projects

S . No . Name of the project Focus Shehia Period

1. ASSP, ASSPLRD* Livestock rearers Pemba 2008–2017

2. Pemba Support Island Livestock rearers Fundo 2015–2017

3. GE – WEP CARE Women rearing livestock rearers Pemba 2014–2016


*ASSPLRD = Agricultural Sector Support Project and Livestock and Rural Development

3.5 Fishery Fishery is one of the sectors that supports the livelihood of several people within the district. Fishermen and others employed in allied segments of the fishery value chain make a living through this sector. However, this sector is not well developed partly because participants do not have adequate education and lack necessary credentials to access loan facilities from banks. Table 13 provides details on the types of fishing gear used in various shehias in Wete.

Table 13: Means of catching fish

S . No . Shehia Means of catching fish (fishing gear)

1 Selem Ring net, hand line

2 Bopwe Ring net

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S . No . Shehia Means of catching fish (fishing gear)

3 M/ Takao -

4 Kiungoni Hand line, traps

5 Mchanga Mdogo Gill net

6 Kigongoni -

7 Kangagani Spear

8 Minungwini Gill net, traps

9 Kizimbani Gill net

10 Kinyikani -

11 Kojani Ring net

12 Mtambwe Kusini Traps, hand line

13 Mpambani Ring net

14 Limbani Ring net

15 Gando Gill net,traps, hand line

16 Chwale Ring net, traps

17 Jadida Ring net

18 Kambini Ring net

19 Shengejuu -

20 Ukunjwi Ring net, gill net, traps, hand line

21 Kisiwani Ring net

22 Junguni Ring net, trap and hand line

23 Kipangani -

24 Utaani Ring net

25 Pandani -

26 Piki -

27 Fundo Gill net,ring net ,spear, traps and hand line

28 Mtambwe Kaskazini Ring net, hand line, spear and traps

29 Maziwani -

30 Pembeni -

31 Ole -

32 Mjini Ole Spear

33 Finya -

34 Mjananza -

35 Mlindo -

36 Mtemani -Source: Wete district, 2015.

3.5.1 Aquaculture

Besides fishing from the sea, the number of households engaged in fishing, farming or aquaculture is growing within the district. Table 14 provides the status on the number of

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participants (male and female) engaged in aquaculture in different villages or shehias, along with the corresponding number of dams and their sizes. Twenty one out of 36 shehias have residents engaged in aquaculture activities.

Table 14: Groups engaged in aquaculture

S . No .

Shehia/VillageGroup name No . of

dams

Participants Size of the area in metreFemale Male Total

1 Jadida Leo ni Leo 3 3 12 15 980

2 Kambini Chabwi 2 3 4 7 918

3 Kiuyu Minungwini Kichakaa si Shangi 7 9 16 25 12,860

4 Kiwani Nia Safi 3 5 5 10 3,024

5 Kiwani Nia Njema 6 4 5 9 4,536

6 Kiungoni Batawi Fish farm 5 5 5 10 7,100

7 Kiungoni Kidunda 4 9 7 16 6,400

8 Chwale Umoja Wetu 2 3 4 7 3,053

9 Chwale Yataka Moyo 2 3 4 7 2,900

10 Shemgejuu Tumaini 3 3 2 5 1,012

11 Shengejuu Mwisho Mgumu 6 4 6 10 2,726

12 Mtambwe Kaskazini Bora Utu 2 14 17 31 440

13 Mtambwe Kaskazini Jali Wakati 3 32 16 48 875

14 Kangagani Mkulima 3 6 6 12 5,210

15 Kangagani Haturudi Nyuma 5 7 - 7 10,440

16 Kangagani Macho si Mboni 4 6 7 13 1,776

17 Kangagani Tunaweza 4 7 - 7 5,760

18 Gando Kiuuuga 3 8 8 16 6,870

19 Gando Chema 2 5 3 8 225

20 Ukunjwi Maendeleo 5 30 17 47 2,700

21 Kisiwani kwa bit Mwatiko Fish farm 2 4 5 9 1,800


3.5.2 Fishing vessels

There are different types of fishing vessels used in different shehias within this district. As shown in Table 15, fishermen in this district use four types of fishing vessels – boats, dhows, outriggers and canoes. The table also shows the number of fishermen in 8 shehias out of 36 shehias.

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Table 15: Fishing vessels

S . No . Shehia Land site

No. of fishing vesselsNo . of fishermenOutrigger Boats Dhow Canoe Total

1 Selem Wete Pwani 2 3 0 25 30 92

2 Fundo Kimeleani 0 90 20 60 170 620

3 Kojani Ngazini 0 7 0 120 127 1,650

4 Mtambwe Mkunguwake 20 5 0 35 60 90

5 Gando Kenya 4 6 0 35 45 140

6 Ukunjwi Mkunguni. 0 4 0 48 52 85

7 Mjini kiuyu Tamanda 0 0 0 10 10 65

8 Mta/kusini Mahujuu 20 6 5 35 66 115

Total 46 121 25 368 560 2,857

3.5.3 Seaweed production

Table 17 presents statistics on the production of seaweed in kg and the corresponding values during 2013–2015 in 8 shehias out of the 36 shehias in the district. A total of 2,641,806 kg of seaweed were produced between 2013 and 2015.

Table 16: Seaweed production, 2013–2015

S . No . Shehia Seaweed production

(kgs) Value in TSh

1 Kiungoni 221,885 140,135,000

2 Chwale 116,066 62,514,600

3 Mch/Kiwani 156,569 95,523,000

4 Kambini 502,472 266,653,100

5 Mjini Kiuyu 1,337,623 689,768,100

6 Fundo 200,640 95,096,000

7 Ukunjwi 12,500 5,800,000

8 Gando 94,051 56,138,300

Total 2,641,806 1,411,628,100Source: Wete district, 2016.

3.6 Household welfare

3.6.1 Major occupations

The major economic activity of people in Wete district is farming. Apart from that, residents also engage in other secondary income-generating activities. These include trading in handcrafts, livestock rearing, fishing, carpentry and so forth. Table 17 provides details on the main economic activities in each of the shehias in the district.

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Table 17: Major types of occupations

S . No . Shehia Major occupations Secondary economic activities

1 Kangagan Farming Brick cutting, fishing

2 Kiuyu Kigongon Farming Carpentry, livestock rearing

3 Kiuyu Minungwini Farming Carpentry, livestock rearing

4 Mc/Mdogo Farming Livestock rearing

5 Kambin Farming Livestock rearing

6 Chwale Farming Livestock rearing

7 Kojani Fishing Farming

8 Mpambani Fishing Farming

9 Shengejuu Farming Livestock rearing, salt production

10 Pembeni Farming Livestock rearing, carpentry

11 Kiungoni Farming Seaweed farming

12 Pandani Farming Trade, livestock rearing

13 Mzambarauni Farming Trade

14 Kinyikani Farming Livestock rearing, fishing

15 M/kusini Farming Fishing

16 M/Kaskazini Farming Fishing

17 Limbani Trade Agriculture

18 Utaani Trade

19 Jadida Trade

20 Mtemani Trade Agriculture

21 Kipangani Trade Agriculture

22 Selem Trade Agriculture

23 Bopwe Trade Agriculture

24 Kizimbani Trade Agriculture

25 Gando Farming Fishing

26 Ukunjwi Farming Fishing

27 Fundo Fishing Agriculture

28 Junguni Farming Fishing

29 Finya Farming Agriculture

30 Mgogoni Farming

31 Mlindo Farming

32 Mjananza Farming

33 Kinyasini Farming

34 Maziwani Farming Livestock rearing

35 Kisiwani Farming Livestock rearing

36 Piki Farming Livestock rearingSource: Wete district, 2016.

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3.6.2 Basic needs poverty

Table 18 shows that the incidence of poverty in the district has declined marginally from 50.8 in 2009/10 to 47.7 in 2014/15. This means that poverty declined by a magnitude of only 3 percentage points. The distribution of poor has decreased from approximately 16 in 2009/10 to 13 in 2014/15.

Table 18: Basic needs poverty

Poverty headcount rate Distribution of the poor

2009/10 2014/15 Change 2009/10 2014/15 Change

Wete 50.8 47.7 -3.1 15.8 12.9 -2.9

Zanzibar 34.9 30.4 -4.4 100 100 0


3.6.3 Food poverty

Table 19 shows that the level of food poverty in respect to head count rate was 15.7 in 2014/15, compared to 21.1 reported in 2009/10. This means that food poverty has declined by 5 per cent from the previous level.

Table 19: Food poverty

Poverty headcount rate Distribution of the poor

2009/10 2014/15 Change 2009/10 2014/15 Change

Wete 21.1 15.7 -5.4 19.5 11.9 -7.6

Zanzibar 11.7 10.8 -0.9 100 100 0


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Chapter 4

Social services

Continued

Introduction This chapter provides highlights related to education, social protection, water supply and sanitation in the district.

4.1 Education Within this section, the education sector is described using standard variables for monitoring performance. Such indicators include student enrolment, accessibility to nearby school (distance), pupil–teacher ratio (PTR), percentage of unqualified teachers, school facilities such as latrines and the performance of students in schools.

4.1.1. Schools within the district

The district has a total of 22 pre-primary schools, 34 primary schools and 26 secondary schools. Almost all primary and secondary schools in the district are owned by the government except for very few primary schools owned by private investors. The d

Table 20: Types of educational institutions

S . No . Shehia Name of

school

Type of school

No . of students

No . of teachers

Pre-

prim

ary

Prim

ary

Seco

ndar

y

Mal

e

Fem

ale

Mal

e

Fem

ale

1 Bopwe Bopwe Pre-primary Primary 337 349 3 18

2 ChwaleChwale Pre-

primary Primary 497 464 10 10

Chwale Secondary 292 343 5 2

3 Finya Finya Primary 242 268 3 7

4 Fundo Fundo Pre-primary Primary Secondary 513 521 8 2

5 Gando

Gando Pre-primary Primary 198 219 4 6

Uvinje Primary 49 58 5 1

Gando Secondary 130 146 7 4

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school

Type of school

No . of students

No . of teachers

Pre-

prim

ary

Prim

ary

Seco

ndar

y

Mal

e

Fem

ale

Mal

e

Fem

ale

6 JadidaM/K/Jadida Pre-

primary 97 102 0 9

Jadida Primary 893 971 4 36

7 Junguni

Kokota Pre-primary Primary 91 73 5 0

Mkote Pre-primary Primary 215 180 2 10

Mabatini Pre-primary Primary Secondary 532 516 8 13

8 KangaganiKangagani Pre-


Kangagani Secondary 190 210 7 6

9 KigongoniMinungwini Pre-

primary Primary 1,012 907 8 24

Minungwini Secondary 365 428 13 7

10 KinyasiniKinyasini Pre-


Kinyasini Secondary 122 161 11 1

11 Kisiwani Kisiwani Pre-primary Primary Secondary 534 515 3 6

12 Kiungoni Kiungoni Pre-primary Primary 164 172 2 2

13 KizimbaniKizimbani Pre-


Kizimbani Secondary 377 350 10 6

14 Kojani Kojani Pre-primary Primary Secondary 655 589 14 6

15 LimbaniLimbani Pre-


Limbani Secondary 146 152 5 5

16 M/Mdogo

M/Mdogo Pre-primary Primary 752 702 15 19

Jojo Pre-primary Primary 406 348 9 6

M/Mdogo Secondary 535 492 17 4

17 Maziwani Maziwani Pre-primary Primary Secondary 183 171 9 1

18 Mgogoni Mgogoni Pre-primary Primary Secondary 395 368 12 3

Continued

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Continued


school

Type of school

No . of students

No . of teachers

Pre-

prim

ary

Prim

ary

Seco

ndar

y

Mal

e

Fem

ale

Mal

e

Fem

ale

19 Minungwini Mjini Kiuyu Pre-primary Primary 317 250 7 5

20 Mtambwe Kaskazini

Daya Pre-primary Primary 170 177 5 4

Uondwe Pre-primary Primary 758 683 9 18

Uondwe Secondary 210 222 7 2

21 Mtambwe Kusini Makongeni Pre-

primary Primary Secondary 336 334 10 5

22 M/Takao M/Takao Pre-primary Primary Secondary 456 473 5 16

23 Njuguni Mjananza Pre-primary Primary 255 206 2 5

24 Pandani

Pandani Pre-primary Primary 549 601 10 12

Wete Secondary 125 126 7 6

Pandani Secondary 210 222 8 5

25 Piki

Piki Pre-primary Primary 467 438 7 9

B/Moyo Pre-primary Primary Secondary 437 385 7 1

Piki Secondary 146 152 7 3

26 Selem

M/Ulaya Pre-primary 76 84 0 5

M/Ulaya Primary 666 693 15 16

M/Ulaya Secondary 352 336 7 9

27 ShengejuuShengejuu Pre-


Shengejuu Secondary 535 492 14 2

28 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi Pre-primary Primary Secondary 276 300 7 21

29 UtaaniUtaani Secondary 134 677 18 15

Chasasa Secondary 597 317 15 14

Total 29 32 34 26 19,526 19,423 398 475Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2016.

4.1.2 Enrolment in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools

Enrolment percentages show the proportion of children enrolled in schools at different levels. The gross enrolment ratio (GER) shows the total number of pupils/students enrolled in a given level

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of education, expressed as a percentage of corresponding school-age population while the net enrolment ratio (NER) is the number of school-age pupils enrolled in a given level of education, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding school-age population.

As indicated in Table 21, the NER of children in basic, primary and secondary schools in the district has improved over the periods of the surveys. Net enrolment in the district has increased from 72.7 per cent in 2004/5 to 80.7 per cent in 2014/15, and from 70.6 per cent to 82 per cent at the basic and primary education levels, respectively. Net enrolment at the secondary education level increased from 32.1 per cent in 2004/5 to 44.2 per cent in 2009/10, and later declined to 37.5 per cent in 2014/15. The NERs for basic, primary and secondary education in the district are below the national averages in 2004/5, 2009/10 and 2014/15.

GERs indicate a decline in the ratio in 2014/15 as compared to 2004/5 at basic and primary education levels from 96 per cent and 110 per cent to 91.2 per cent and 98.7 per cent, respectively. However, GER for secondary education in the district indicates an increase from 42.2 per cent in 2004/5 to 49.5 per cent in 2009/10. In 2014/15, the GER for secondary education declined to 42.4 per cent. This trend is similar to that of the national averages.

Table 21: School enrolment

NER GER

2004/05 2009/10 2014/15 2004/05 2009/10 2014/15

Basic education Wete 72.7 79.6 80.7 96.0 86.0 91.2

Zanzibar 78.4 80.3 83 100.2 89.8 97.1

Primary education Wete 70.6 82.4 82.0 110.0 101.9 98.7

Zanzibar 76.6 81.4 83.2 111.7 102.5 101.5

Secondary education

Wete 32.1 44.2 37.5 42.2 49.5 42.4

Zanzibar 33.2 46.1 40.1 41.7 53.8 49.9

Source: Household Budget Survey, 2014/15.

The gender parity index (GPI) measures the relative access to education of males and females. It is calculated as the quotient of the number of females by the number of males enrolled in a given stage of education. The gross enrolment GPI indicates that in 2013, pre-primary, primary and secondary schools had enrolled more girls than boys in the district. As shown in Table 22, the GER GPI in the pre-primary, primary and secondary schools were 1.09, 1.02 and 1.08, respectively.

Table 22: GER, GPI for the GER and private enrolment in pre-primary, primary and secondary

schools

Pre-primary Primary Ordinary secondary (Form 1-4)

GER GER GPI

% of private enrolment

GER GER GPI


GER GER GPI


Wete 10.9 1.09 67.6 105.0 1.02 1.0 67.9 1.08 0.9Zanzibar 26.5 1.05 75.9 98.9 1.00 6.3% 68.4 1.09 7.6

Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

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The NER GPI also indicates that pre-primary, primary and secondary schools in the district in 2012 enrolled more girls than boys. The NER GPIs were 1.01, 1.02 and 1.19, respectively.

Table 23: NERs and NER GPIs, 2012

Pre-

prim

ary

Prim

ary

Seco

ndar

y

NER

pu

blic

NER

pr

ivate

NER

to

tal

NER

GP

I

NER

pu

blic

NER

pr

ivate

NER

to

tal

NER

GP

I

NER

pu

blic

NER

pr

ivate

NER

to

tal

NER

GP

I

Wete 3.2% 5.4% 8.6% 1.01 88.6% 0.9% 89.6% 1.02 43.4% 0.5% 43.9% 1.19

Zanzibar 5.6% 12.2% 17.9% 1.05 79.1% 4.6% 83.7% 1.02 45.5% 2.7% 48.2% 1.15Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

4.1.3 Accessibility to schools

According to the HBS 2014/15, 98 per cent and 85.5 per cent of children walk to primary and secondary schools, respectively, as compared to national averages of 92.6 per cent and 77.4 per cent. The other means of transport used by children to go to schools include bikes, private cars and public cars. This indicator implies that both primary and secondary schools in the district are within walking distances.

Table 24: Mode of transport to school

Walking By bike Private vehicle

Public vehicle Total

To primary (Wete) 98.00 0.9 0.7 0.4 100

Zanzibar 92.6 2.1 2.1 3.3 100

Total individuals 255,392 5,684 5,848 8,968 275,892

To secondary (Wete) 88.5 5.0 0.7 5.8 100

Zanzibar 77.4 5.5 3.4 13.7 100

Total individuals 72,164 5,119 3,155 12,789 93,227Source: Zanzibar Household Budget Survey, 2014/15.

Other indicators that show accessibility to primary and secondary schools in Wete district are mean distance to the nearest school and the distribution of households by distance to the nearest school. The mean distance to the nearest school shows the average distance to the nearest school in the district. The average distance to the nearest primary and secondary school has improved in 2009/10 from 1.3 km and 2.9 km to 0.7 km and 0.9 km, respectively. This means that children walked shorter distances to schools in 2009/10 as compared to distances reported in the 2004/05 HBS. However, the mean distances to the nearest primary and secondary school in the district are greater than the national averages. This means that children in the district walk a longer distance to both primary and secondary school than the national average distance.

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The 2009/10 HBS shows that 93.2 per cent of households in the district were within less than 3 km from the nearest primary school as compared to the national average of 97.1 per cent. The remaining 6.8 per cent of households are at or more than 3 km from the nearest primary school.

4.1.4 Teachers

This section covers the status on the qualification of teachers in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools in the district. All pre-primary schools in the district have qualified teachers, except Mitiulaya school, which had 20 per cent of unqualified teachers in 2013. Only one pre-primary school in the district – Kisiwani – had a PTR beyond the recommended level of 25 to 1. Table 25 provides a summary of the situation in pre-primary schools in terms of teacher qualification.

Table 25: Selected indicators for teachers in pre-primary schools

S . No . Shehia Pre-primary school

% of unqualified teachers PTR

1 Selem Mitiulaya 20 16

2 Jadida M/K/Jadida 0 18

3 Kisiwani Kisiwani 0 55

4 M/Mdogo M/Mdogo 0 18

Total 10 19


Four primary schools in the district have 3 to 20 per cent of unqualified teachers, which is above the national average (1 per cent). These schools are Kisiwani, Minungwini, Maziwani and Kangagani. The PTR in primary schools in the district ranges from 25 to 92, and about 55 per cent of the schools have a ratio above 40, which is the recommended level.

Table 26: Selected indicators for teachers in primary schools

S . No . Shehia Primary school % of

unqualified teachers PTR

1 Jadida Jadida 0 40

2 Kangagani Kangagani 0 37

3 Selem M/Ulaya 0 45

4 Gando Gando 0 34

5 - Mkote 0 76

6 K/Minungeini M/Kiuyu 0 65

7 Bopwe Bopwe 0 34

8 Fundo Uvinje 0 50

9 Maziwani Maziwani 20 30


11 Chwale Chwale 0 63Continued

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S . No . Shehia Primary school % of

unqualified teachers PTR

12 K/Kigongoni Minungwini 3 55

13 Shengejuu Shengejuu 0 66

14 Mtambwe Kusini Daya 0 34

15 Piki Piki 0 51

16 Mtambwe Kaskazini Uondwe 0 58

17 Kizimbani Kizimbani 0 47

18 Kinyikani Jojo 0 56

19 Limbani Limbani 0 31

20 Pandani Pandani 0 39

21 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 0 35

22 M/Takao M/Takao 0 47

23 Kojani Kojani 0 73

24 M/Kusini Makongeni 0 28

25 Piki B/Moyo 0 25

26 Gando Mabatini 0 48


28 Fundo Fundo 0 92

29 Mjananza Mjananza 0 7

30 Kinyasini Kinyasini 0 14

31 Mgogoni Mgogoni 0 9

32 Finya Finya 0 11

33 Piki Bwagamoyo 0 10

34 Mtambwe Kusini Kokota 0 -Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

Table 27 shows that two (7 per cent) of the secondary schools – Pandani and Uondwe – in the district have unqualified teachers at between 9 and 14 per cent, which are above the national average (1 per cent). Pandani secondary school has the highest percentage of unqualified teachers in the district. The PTR ranges from 10 to 114 while the national average is 25. However, five secondary schools – Makongeni, Kojani, Mabatini, Fundo and Mabatini – in the district have a PTR beyond the recommended number of 35 to 1.

Table 27: Selected indicators for teachers in secondary schools

S . No . Shehia Secondary

school % of unqualified teachers PTR

1 Pandani Wete 0 16

2 Utaani Utaani A 0 16

3 Utaani Utaani B 0 31

Continued

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school % of unqualified teachers PTR

4 K/Kigongoni Minungwini 0 19

5 Utaani Chasasa 0 17

6 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 0 21

7 M/Takao M/Takao 0 23

8 Kojani Kojani 0 39

9 M/Kusini Makongeni 0 114

10 Gando Mabatini 0 47


12 Piki Bwagamoyo 0 10

13 Fundo Fundo 0 46

14 Chwale Chwale 0 23

15 Selem Mitiulaya 0 21

16 Limbani Limbani 0 20

17 Mt/Kaskazini Uondwe 9 34

18 Pembeni Shengejuu 0 22

19 Piki Piki 0 20

20 Pandani Pandani 14 15


22 Gando Gando 0 26

23 Kangagani Kangagani 0 26

24 Kizimbani Kizimbani 0 21

25 Kinyasini Kinyasini 0 11

26 Mgogoni Mgogoni 0 6


4.1.5 School facilities

The pupil–classroom (PCR) ratio indicates the average number of pupils in a classroom and establishes whether there are sufficient numbers of classrooms to accommodate pupils. The PCRs in pre-primary schools in the district are from 27 to 45 pupils as compared to the recommended number 25. Generally, classrooms in pre-primary schools had children beyond the recommended number.

The pupil–latrine ratio (PLR) shows the number of latrines available for use by pupils in a school. The recommended number is 1 latrine for 45 girls and 50 boys. The PLRs in pre-primary schools in the district vary from 22 to 28 for boys, and 18 to 32 for girls. All the pre-primary schools in the district have sufficient latrines.

Continued

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Table 28: Selected indicators for facilities in pre-primary schools

S . No . Shehia Pre-primary school –PCR

P–LR Pupil–desk ratio (PDR)

Male Female

1 Bopwe Bopwe - - - -

2 Chwale Chwale - - - -

3 Fundo Fundo - - - -

4 Gando Gando - - - -

5 Jadida M/K/Jadida 45 28 32 3

6 Junguni Kokota - - - -

7 Junguni Mkote - - - -

8 Junguni Mabatini - - - -

9 Kangagani Kangagani - - - -

10 Kigongoni Minungwini - - - -

11 Kinyasini Kinyasini - - - -

12 Kisiwani Kisiwani 28 - - 3

13 Kiungoni Kiungoni - - - -

14 Kizimbani Kizimbani - - - -

15 Kojani Kojani - - - -

16 Limbani Limbani - - - -

17 M/Mdogo M/Mdogo - - 27 -

18 M/Mdogo Jojo - - - -

19 Maziwani Maziwani - - - -

20 Mgogoni Mgogoni - - - -

21 Minungwini Mjini Kiuyu - - - -

22 Mtambwe Kaskazini Daya - - - -

23 Mtambwe Kaskazini Uondwe - - - -

24 Mtambwe Kusini Makongeni - - - -

25 M/Takao M/Takao - - - -

26 Njuguni Mjananza - - - -

27 Pandani Pandani - - - -

28 Piki Piki - - - -

29 Piki B/Moyo - - - -

30 Selem M/Ulaya 27 22 19 -

31 Shengejuu Shengejuu - - - -

32 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi - - - -Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

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Table 29 shows that the PLRs in primary schools in the district vary from 29 to 840 for boys, and 35 to 466 for girls, while the national averages are 208 and 198. Only 18 per cent of the primary schools in the district have sufficient number of latrines for both boys and girls. These schools are Bopwe, Uvinje, Daya, B/Moyo and Kisiwani.

Table 29 shows that about 86 per cent of the primary schools in the district have a PCR above the recommended number. The PCRs in primary schools are between 25 and 121.

Table 29: Selected indicators for facilities in primary schools

S . No . Shehia Primary school PCR

PLRPDR

Male Female

1 Jadida Jadida 93 321 271 9

2 Kangagani Kangagani 74 165 466 7

3 Selem M/Ulaya 112 840 419 2

4 Junguni Gando 39 - 151 1

5 Ukunjwi Mkote 63 101 89 3

6 Kiuyu Minungwini M/Kiuyu 57 - 96 3

7 Bopwe Bopwe 58 41 33 3

8 Fundo Uvinje 50 40 35 -

9 Maziwani Maziwani 51 86 66 -

10 M/Mdogo M/Mdogo 100 244 221 6

11 Chwale Chwale 94 484 455 8

12 Kiuyu Kigongoni Minungwini 87 210 204 7

13 Shengejuu Shengejuu 98 279 274 5

14 Mtambwe Kusini Daya 29 29 38 1

15 Piki Piki 108 393 366 84

16 Mtambwe Kaskazini Uondwe 121 208 293 3

17 Kizimbani Kizimbani 77 379 259 2

18 Kinyikani Jojo 84 371 301 3

19 Limbani Limbani 81 320 330 2

20 Pandani Pandani 90 265 276 3

21 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 50 176 172 1

22 M/Takao M/Takao 54 345 307 2

23 Kojani Kojani 73 443 362 2

24 Mtambwe Kusini Makongeni 56 99 97 2

25 Piki B/Moyo 30 34 46 1

26 Gando Mabatini 70 150 163 2

27 Kisiwani Kisiwani 25 46 46 1

28 Fundo Fundo 36 236 226 1

Average 76 212 195 3Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

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The PLRs in secondary schools in the district vary from 24 to 169 for boys, and 9 to 206 for girls. 67 per cent of secondary schools in the district have less than the acceptable number of latrines for both boys and girls.

Table 30: Selected indicators for facilities in secondary schools


school P–CRP–LR

–PDRMale Female

1 Pandani Wete 20 37 43 1

2 Utaani Utaani A 13 - 9 -

3 Utaani Utaani B 59 168 62 2

4 Kiuyu Kigongoni Minungwini 44 146 206 2

5 Utaani Chasasa 30 51 40 1

6 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 32 - 68 14

7 M/Takao M/Takao 42 79 130 1

8 Kojani Kojani 58 129 103 1

9 Mtambwe Kusini Makongeni 65 34 195 2

10 Gando Mabatini 16 34 38 1

11 Kisiwani Kisiwani 35 33 37 1

12 Piki Bwagamoyo 26 24 14 2

13 Fundo Fundo 23 35 56 1

14 Chwale Chwale 38 32 44 1

15 Selem Mitiulaya 50 - - 1

16 Limbani Limbani 46 87 75 1

17 Mtambwe Kaskazini Uondwe 53 169 102 1

18 Pembeni Shengejuu 36 90 89 1

19 Piki Piki 17 55 46 0

20 Pandani Pandani 34 53 50 1

21 M/Mdogo M/Mdogo 46 58 114 1

22 Junguni Gando 26 100 54 1

23 Kangagani Kangagani 37 110 148 1

24 Kizimbani Kizimbani 24 - 43 1

Total 36 79 64 1Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

4.1.6 Performance in schools

This section provides information on performance in examinations in secondary schools in the district. The overall pass rates of pupils in secondary schools in Form II examinations in the district ranged from 28 per cent to 98 per cent. Piki is the only secondary school in the district that achieved a pass rate above the national average (88 per cent). As shown in Table 31, Bwagamoyo secondary school has the lowest pass rates in the district.

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Table 31: Form II pass rate, by school and school ranking in terms of average Form II score, 2013

Shehia Secondary school

Ranking Pass rate

S . No . District Zanzibar Male Female Total

1 Pandani Wete 16 109 52 69 60

2 Utaani Utaani 12 76 75 57 68

3 Kiuyu Kigongoni Minungwini 9 61 44 81 59

4 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 7 56 77 69 72

5 M/Takao M/Takao 20 159 64 22 45

6 Kojani Kojani 14 83 69 74 72

7 Mtambwe Kusini Makongeni 18 130 29 59 43

8 Gando Mabatini 4 39 71 85 77

9 Kisiwani Kisiwani 6 53 83 60 75

10 Piki Bwagamoyo 23 187 46 14 28

11 Fundo Fundo 19 153 64 43 56

12 Chwale Chwale 10 62 75 79 77

13 Selem Mitiulaya 22 176 36 47 41

14 Limbani Limbani 13 77 68 82 75

15 Mtambwe Kaskazini Uondwe 17 110 55 60 57

16 Shengejuu Shengejuu 15 104 49 72 60

17 Piki Piki 1 4 97 100 98

18 Pandani Pandani 2 16 94 82 88

19 M/Mdogo M/Mdogo 5 51 62 81 71

20 Gando Gando 21 160 36 44 40

21 Kangagani Kangagani 8 60 81 71 77

22 Kizimbani Kizimbani 3 22 83 74 79Source: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2014.

4.2 Water and sanitationThis section provides an overview of water and sanitation aspects within the district. It begins by considering ongoing water projects, followed by sources of drinking water, distribution of main water sources, number of boreholes and areas to which they supply water connection as well as the average distance that one needs to travel to fetch water within the district.

4.2.1 Water projects

Several projects have been implemented in Zanzibar to improve access to water and sanitation. These are consistent with the country’s overall development framework and long-term socio-economic development goals as laid out in Zanzibar’s Vision 2020, which aim to reduce poverty and improve living standards through sustainable development, including investment in social infrastructure, such as water and sanitation facilities. Cluster 2 of the Zanzibar Medium Term Development Framework ZSGRP (2010/11–2014/15) focuses on the improvement of social services and wellbeing, including access to water and sanitation services.

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The Zanzibar Water Sector Policy (2004) also hopes to improve the social wellbeing of the population and enhance the performance of the economy by ensuring equitable provision of adequate and reliable water and sanitation services.

4.2.2 Source of drinking water

Improved drinking water is an important aspect of the health of household members. Water sources can be classified as ‘improved’ or ‘unimproved’. Sources considered as improved are piped water into homes, public stand pipes, boreholes, protected wells, protected springs and rain water harvesting. Unimproved water sources include unprotected wells and springs, rivers and streams and vendors and tanker trucks.

4.2.3 Distribution of the main sources of water

Table 32 shows the distribution of the main sources of drinking water in the district. The main source of drinking water for most households in the district is piped water, tube well/boreholes, protected dug wells and springs. The table indicates that 93 per cent of households in the district use improved water sources for drinking while 7 per cent use unimproved water sources.

Table 32: Percentage distribution of household by main source of drinking water

Kaskazini Pemba (region)

Wete(district)

Total 39,408 20,151

Main source of drinking water

Improved drinking water sources

Piped water into dwelling 21.9 34.1

Piped water to yard/plot 12.4 15.3

Public tap/standpipe 37 39.5

Tube well/borehole 1.1 0.8

Protected dug well 3.5 2

Protected spring 0.5 0.9

Total improved 76.4 92.6

Non-improved drinking water sources

Unprotected dug well 22.7 7.0

Unprotected spring 0.4 0.2

Rain water harvesting 0.1 0.1

Bottled water 0.1 0

Cart with small tank/drum 0 0

Tanker truck 0 0

Surface water (river dam lake etc.) 0.4 0.1

Total non-improved 23.7 7.4Source: Population and Housing Census, 2012.

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4.2.4 Boreholes in the district

Table 33 provides information on boreholes that are currently supplying water and those that need to be rehabilitated in order to continue supplying water. These boreholes are located in only 19 shehias, and therefore, other shehias are also being supplied by these sources. Selem is the only shehia where there is no operating borehole.

Table 33: Boreholes and their condition

S . No . Shehia Borehole operating Borehole requiring rehabilitation

1 Mzambarauni Bungumi (Spring)

3 Limbani Weni (Borehole)

3 Jadida Gawani (Spring) Gawani (Test Borehole)

4 Kizimbani 4 (Wt5,Wtt6.Wt7.Wt8)

5 Mt/Kaskazini Uondwe (Borehole)

6 Mt/Kusini Daya (Borehole) Mkanjuni (Borehole)

7 Piki Piki (Kpw13)

8 Mchanga Mdogo Kibomani (Kpw10)

9 Kinyikani Jojo (Kp11) Gasi (Borehole)

10 Kisiwani Shangafu (Kpw12)

11 Shengejuu Shengejuu (Borehole)

12 Kiungoni Kiungoni (Borehole)

13 Selem Selem (Test Borehole)

14 Pandani Masipa (Borehole)

15 K/Minungwini Penjewani (Borehole) Penjewani (Borehole)

16 Junguni Junguni (Borehole) Junguni (2 Boreholes)

17 Ukunjwi Kijuki (Borehole)

18 Maziwani Tossa 1 + 2 Boreholes


4.2.5 Boreholes and areas supplied with water

In order to improve water supply in the district, storage tanks were constructed in some shehias. Table 34 provides details on the location of boreholes, and the areas to which water is supplied. The number and size of water storage tanks in each of the areas are also indicated.

Table 34: Boreholes and areas supplied with water

S . No . Borehole Areas supplied Number of tanks Tank volume

1 Mc/Mdogo (Borehole)Kambini Kinyikani Mc/Mdogo

0 0

2 Shengejuu Shengejuu 0 0

3 KiungoniKiungoni Pandani Pembeni

0 0

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S . No . Borehole Areas supplied Number of tanks Tank volume

4 Tosssa 1 (Borehole)Chwale Maziwani Kojani

1

5 Tossa 2 Kojani Mpambani

6 Penjewani (Borehole) K/Minungwini K/Kigongoni 0 0

7 Junguni (Borehole) Junguni Gando

8 Daya (Borehole) Mt/Kusini

9 Bungumi (Spring) Mzambarauni Piki

10

Weni

Wt6

Gawani

Limbani

Kipangani

Selem

Bopwe

1 800,000

11

Wt1

Wt2

Wt3

Wt4

Wt5

Wt6

Wt7

Wt8

Limbani

Utaani

Bopwe

Jadida

Kizimbani

1 2,500,000

12 Uondwe Mt/Kaskazini

13 Kijuki

Ukunjwi

Junguni

Fundo

14 Masipa Pandani

2

800,000

300,000

15Kpw 10 Mzambarauni

Kinyikani

16 Kpw 11Piki

Kisiwani

17 Kpw12 Mc/Mdogo

18 Kpw 13 ChwaleSource: Wete district, 2016.

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4.2.6 Water connection

Table 35 shows the number of customers by shehia who are connected to the district water supply. As indicated in the table, the customers are grouped as either houses or institutions. Institutions are classified as those that are commercial, NGOs and those operating within the agricultural sector. The table shows that several shehias do not have any household connected to water. Apart from that, a great variation in water connection is noted in this district.

Table 35: Water connection

S . No . Shehia Total houses

connected % of houses connected

1 Bopwe 523 5.5

2 Chwale 310 3.3

3 Finya 181 1.9

4 Fundo 71 0.7

5 Gando 150 1.6

6 Jadida 381 4.0

7 Junguni 175 1.8

8 Kiuyu Kigongoni 155 1.6

9 Kiuyu Minungwini 113 1.2

10 Kambini 268 2.8

11 Kangagani 365 3.9

12 Kinyasini 220 2.3

13 Kinyikani 205 2.2

14 Kipangani 552 5.8

15 Kisiwani 239 2.5

16 Kiungoni 277 2.9

17 Kizimbani 702 7.4

18 Kojani 102 1.1

19 Limbani 750 7.9

20 M/Kusini 129 1.4

21 Maziwani 65 0.7

22 Mchanga Mdogo 350 3.7

23 Mgogoni 89 0.9

24 Mjananza 0 0.0

25 Mlindo 0 0.0

26 Mpambani 100 1.1

27 Mtambwe Kaskazini 338 3.6

28 Mtemani 548 5.8

29 M/Takao 217 2.3

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S . No . Shehia Total houses

connected % of houses connected

30 Pandani 374 3.9

31 Pembeni 152 1.6

32 Piki 481 5.1

33 Selem 517 5.5

34 Shengejuu 206 2.2

35 Ukunjwi 167 1.8

36 Utaani - -

9,472 100.0Source: Wete district, 2016.

4.2.7 Distance to clean drinking water source

Distance to water source is one of the most important aspects of water supply, which impacts consumption and hygiene practices. According to the 2014/15 HBS, the percentage of households within less than 1 km from any drinking water source during the dry season has improved from 56 per cent in 2004/5 to 92.5 per cent in 2014/15, as shown in Table 36 below. The rest of the households, accounting for 7.5 per cent, travel between 1km and 1.9 km to fetch water during the dry season.

Table 36: Households by distance to drinking water in dry season

2004/05 2009/10 2014/15

Less than 1 km 56 91.3 92.5

1.0-1.9 16.5 2.7 7.5

2.0-2.9 23 0.3 0

3+ 14.5 5.7 No data

Number of households 18,710 23,406 No dataSource: Zanzibar Household Budget Survey, 2014/15.

4.2.8 Toilet facilities

According to Figure 7, the percentage of households without a toilet has declined from 55.7 per cent in 2004/5 to 37.5 per cent in 2014/15. The types of toilet facilities used in the district include the ventilated improved pit (VIP), flush toilet and pit latrine. Improvement in the usage of toilets in the district is mainly associated with an increased use of VIP and flush toilets. Percentage of households with VIPs and flush toilets has increased from 0.7 and 6.1 per cent in 2004/5 to 10.1 and 23.2 per cent in 2014/15, respectively.

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Figure 5: Households with toilets


Table 37 presents a list of households with latrines in each shehia, together with the number of public toilets within the district. As shown in the table, there are a number of shehias without public toilets – K/Kigongoni, Piki, M/Takao, Maziwani, Shengejuu, Limbani, Utani, Jadida and Fundo.

Table 37: Households with latrine

S . No . Shehia Number of houses

with latrineNumber of public toilets

% of houses with latrine

% of public toilets

1 Kangagani 293 3 3 32 K/Kigongoni 154 0 2 03 K/Minungwini 278 17 3 154 Kisiwani 205 3 2 35 Piki 315 0 3 06 Kinyikani 201 4 2 37 M/Mdogo 283 5 3 48 Kambini 430 10 4 99 Kojani 60 12 1 1010 Mpambani 20 6 0 511 Mzambarauni 448 0 4 012 Maziwani 105 0 1 013 Pandani 856 1 8 114 Shengejuu 163 0 2 015 Kiungoni 220 2 - 216 Kizimbani 1,225 2 12 217 Limbani 833 0 8 018 Utaani 636 0 6 019 Jadida 219 0 2 0

No toilet,seashore

Flush toilet

Pit latrine

Ventilated improved pit

(VIP)

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S . No . Shehia Number of houses

with latrineNumber of public toilets

% of houses with latrine

% of public toilets

20 Bopwe 598 3 6 321 Selem 480 4 5 322 Kipangani 722 1 7 123 Mt/Kaskazini 500 11 5 1024 Mt/Kusini 257 16 3 1425 Fundo 69 0 1 026 Junguni 146 1 1 127 Ukunjwi 146 10 1 928 Gando 276 3 029 Pembeni 120 1 1 130 Chwale 173 3 2 331 Finya 316 - - -32 Kinyasini 583 5 - -33 Mgogoni 361 0 - -34 Mjananza 37 5 - -35 Mlindo 45 - - -36 Mtemani 661 - - -

Total 12,214 125Source: Wete district, 2016.

4.2.9 Garbage collection

The garbage collection system in human settlements has a direct effect on environmental and health conditions. Table 38 presents the distribution of households by means of the main means of garbage disposal. The table shows that 88.5 per cent of private households in Wete reported other dumping (open space, bush etc.) as the commonly used method of refuse disposal, followed by burning (5.7 per cent). Regular collection of refuse is not common and accounts for only 1.3 per cent of households, while 3.7 per cent of households bury their waste.

Table 38: Waste disposal in households

Main means of waste disposal Kaskazini Pemba (region) Wete (district)

Total households 39,408 20,151

Regularly collected 0.7 1.3

Irregularly collected 0.3 0.5

Burnt 7 5.7

Roadside dumping 0.3 0.4

Burying/ Pit 3.6 3.7

Other dumping 88.1 88.5Source: Population and Housing Census, 2012.

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4.3 Child protection issues, gender violence and disabilitiesThis section covers issues related to child abuse and violence, children living in vulnerable circumstances, gender violence and type of disabilities.

4.3.1 Violence against children

Issues relating to child victims and crimes committed against children are a matter of serious concern. Children, because of their inability to protect themselves, are more vulnerable to crime and are also more likely to suffer abuse silently. Zanzibar has passed the Children’s Act 2011 and rolled out gender and children desks in police stations to curb the rising wave of sexual assaults against women and children. A study released by the Tanzania Media Women’s Association (TAMWA) shows that rape, early pregnancies and child marriages are rising at a higher rate in Zanzibar, with 996 cases reported between 2012/13 as compared to the 398 in 2011 (TAMWA, 2014).These gender desks are special units in each police station, consisting of a reception, interview and counseling room, rest area and an office where victims can report cases of physical and sexual abuse to trained police. Table 39 shows that 90 per cent of the victims of child abuse cases reported were girls, accounting for 44 victims. Table 39 further shows that 41 cases out of 49 cases related to sexual abuse.

Table 39: Child abuse cases, Jan–Dec 2015

Gen

der

Stat

us o

f th

e ca

se

Type

of

abus

e

Rep

orte

d ca

ses

Mal

e

Fem

ale

Polic

eD

irect

or o

f pr

ocee

ding

s

Cou

rt

Dro

pped

by

polic

e

DN

AC

ase

disc

over

ed

Tota

l

Det

ails

Rape 20 - 20 5 1 5 - 7 2 20 7cases waiting for DNA

Sodomy 5 5 - 3 - - 1 - 1 5 1 convict vanished

Run away with a minor 16 - 16 6 4 3 2 - 1 16

Incidence reported but no offense

Shameful attacked 8 - 8 5 1 1 1 - - 8

Community did not cooperate with police

Total 49 5 44 19 6 9 4 7 4 49

Source: Social Welfare, Women and Children, Wete district, 2015.

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4.3.2 Children living in vulnerable circumstances

Table 40 presents the number of most vulnerable children by gender in various shehias in the district.

Table 40: Most vulnerable children

S . No . Shehia Boys Girls Total

1 Bopwe 96 90 186

2 Chwale 91 57 148

3 Fundo 139 134 273

4 Gando 60 52 112

5 Jadida 62 60 122

6 Junguni 55 45 100

7 Kambini 61 54 115

8 Kangagani 66 46 112

9 Kinyikani 61 43 104

10 Kipangani 58 50 108

11 Kisiwani 58 57 115

12 Kiungoni 127 112 239

13 Kiuyu Kigongoni 201 185 386

14 Kiuyu Minungwini 173 128 301

15 Kizimbani 33 33 66

16 Kojani 102 90 192

17 Limbani 83 85 168

18 Maziwani 47 42 89

19 Mchanga Mdogo 43 44 87

20 Mpambani 83 82 165

21 Mtambwe Kaskazini 164 117 281

22 Mtambwe Kusini 92 71 163

23 Mzambarauni Takao 71 62 133

24 Pandani 47 45 92

25 Pembeni 58 63 121

26 Piki 36 40 76

27 Selem 62 76 138

28 Shengejuu 57 45 102

29 Ukunjwi 90 61 151

30 Utaani 46 35 81

31 Finya - - -

32 Kinyasini - - -

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S . No . Shehia Boys Girls Total

33 Mgogoni - - -

34 Mjananza - - -

35 Mlindo - - -

36 Mtemani - - -

Total 2,422 2,104 4,526Source: Department of Social Welfare, 2015.

4.3.3 Gender-based violence

The international community recognizes ‘violence against women’ as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women. Table 41 presents the number of gender violence incidents between January and December 2015. There were a total of 11 gender violence cases between January and December 2015.

Table 41 Gender violence, Jan–Dec 2015

Type of case Cases reported Male Female

18 years and above

Total

Threats - 0 1 1 1

House claims 0 0 1 1 1Marriage disputes 0 0 1 1 1Physical violence 0 0 2 2 2Refused land for production 0 0 1 1 1Rape 0 0 2 2 2House burned 0 0 1 1 1Dowry 0 0 2 2 2Total 0 0 11 11 11

Source: Department of Social Welfare, 2015.

4.3.4 People with disabilities

In this district, there are a number of people with different types of disabilities, such as those relating to the eye, deafness, albinism, psychiatric conditions, deafness-muteness and other types labelled as mixed disabilities. As shown in Table 42, the total number of people with disabilities in the entire district is 1,154. The highest number is in Pandani shehia, which has 73 people with disabilities, followed by Kizimbani and Jadida. Mpambani shehia has no cases of disability while Chwale has 9 affected people.

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Table 42: Types of disabilities

Types of disabilityS .

No .

Sheh

ia

Dis

abili

ties

in p

arts

of

the

body

Eye

Dea

f

Alb

inis

m

Psyc

hiat

ric

Dum

b

Mix

ed

Tota

l

1 Kinyikani 12 1 0 0 7 0 0 20

2 Jadida 39 11 4 0 12 2 1 69

3 Limbani 11 0 1 0 2 8 0 22

4 Kipangani 24 24

5 Gando 13 8 3 1 24 3 6 58

6 Mt/Kusini 15 3 1 1 10 4 2 36

7 Kizimbani 18 9 15 0 20 2 6 70

8 Kisiwani 17 1 1 0 10 3 0 32

9 Junguni 12 8 4 3 2 7 0 36

10 Mzambarauni 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 20

11 Mpambani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Kangagani 17 1 8 0 17 1 4 48

13 K/Kigongoni 16 3 1 0 21 4 2 47

14 Fundo 13 1 0 0 1 1 0 16

15 Pembeni 15 0 2 0 6 1 0 24

16 Chwale 7 0 0 0 2 0 0 9

17 Maziwani 11 0 0 0 4 3 0 18

18 Mchangandog 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 26

19 K/Minungwini 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 13

20 Kiungoni 29 11 2 1 8 7 3 61

21 Piki 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 22

22 Utaani 19 1 4 0 6 2 0 32

23 Bopwe 17 6 8 3 2 0 1 37

24 Ukunjwi 24 5 5 0 9 5 0 48

25 Pandani 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 73

26 Mt/Kaskazini 12 3 2 0 2 3 3 25

27 Selem 9 6 4 3 3 0 7 32

28 Kambini 8 5 2 0 3 4 0 22

29 Kojani 25 0 0 0 3 3 0 31

30 Shengejuu 14 2 1 0 2 1 0 20

31 Finya 33 - - - - - - 33

32 Kinyasini 17 1 - - 7 - - 25

33 Mgogoni 16 1 - - 1 3 - 21Continued

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Types of disabilityS .

No .

Sheh

ia

Dis

abili

ties

in p

arts

of

the

body

Eye

Dea

f

Alb

inis

m

Psyc

hiat

ric

Dum

b

Mix

ed

Tota

l

34 Mjananza 12 2 - - - - - 14

35 Mlindo 27 1 2 0 0 0 - 30

36 Mtemani 20 10 - - 6 4 - 40

Total 676 100 70 12 190 71 35 1,154


4.4 Social protection services: Old age, welfare and pensionThis section provides highlights on issues related to the district’s small cash transfer scheme, universal pension and Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN).

4.4.1 Small Cash Transfer Scheme

According to the 2012 Census, there are 5,819 people whose age is 60 years and above, accounting for 5.4 percent of the total population in Wete. Of the elderly, 70.5 percent live in rural areas. Table 43 shows the distribution of the elderly in different age groups in the district.

Table 43: Old age population

Age group Male Female Total 60 - 64 1,152 979 2,131 65 - 69 573 514 1,087 70 - 74 656 593 1,249 75 - 79 273 221 494 80 - 84 432 426 858Total 3,086 2,733 5,819


The government runs a Small Cash Transfer Scheme for residents aged 60 years and above, which is administered at the community level. Recipients receive a monthly payment of TSh 5,000 (HelpAge International, 2009). The scheme is managed locally by the shehas, who select potential beneficiaries. The cash is then delivered through the district social welfare officers. However, a TSh 5,000 cash transfer is not sufficient to meet even a third of the basic needs according to food poverty line for 2004/05. In addition, the scheme has a fixed budget; those in need can only be added to the scheme if an existing beneficiary dies (HelpAge International, 2009). This is a challenge for Zanzibar in its wider vision for 2020 to alleviate all poverty.

4.4.2 Universal Pension Scheme

Following a recommendation from the ILO Social Protection Expenditure Review of 2010, the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) of Zanzibar implemented a Universal Pension Scheme (ZUPS) targeted at providing income security to the aged. The scheme covers all Zanzibar residents aged 70 and above. The first payment for the scheme for 21,263 old persons was effected in April 2016, each receiving a monthly pension of TSh 20,000.

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4.4.3 Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN)

In 2013, the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) introduced the PSSN programme, which involves conditional cash transfers targeting people who are extremely poor or most vulnerable, aimed at protecting them from the severest consequences of poverty by enabling them to purchase food, pay for medical care (including paying contributions to the Community Health Fund) and support school-going children. Targeted households with children or pregnant women are also eligible for such conditional transfers if they comply with key conditions focused on the use of available education and health services. Nine shehias in Wete district are involved in the PSSN programme, as shown in Table 44, covering a total of 5,673 households. Thus, the PSSN programme covers approximately 28 percent of shehias in the district.

Table 44: Households covered by the PSSN programme

S . No . Shehia Number of households targeted

1 Kipangani 1382 Utaani 1253 Jadida 1894 Kizimbani 1725 Junguni 1806 Gando 1177 Ukunjwi 2358 Bopwe 1739 Kisiwani 16310 Fundo 15111 Kojani 99

1,742Source: Wete district, 2016.

4.4.4 Sports

The district has pitches for different types of sports, such as football, volleyball, basketball, handball and netball. The total number of pitches is 42, and these are distributed across the different shehias.

Table 45: List of pitches

S . No . Shehia Football

pitchVolleyball

pitchBasketball

pitchHandball

pitch Netball pitch

1 Kinyikani 1 1

2 Jadida 1 1 0

3 Limbani 0 1

4 Kipangani 1 1 0

5 Gando 0 0

6 Mt/Kusini 1 0Continued

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S . No . Shehia Football

pitchVolleyball

pitchBasketball

pitchHandball

pitch Netball pitch

7 Kizimbani 1 1 1 1

8 Kisiwani 0 0

9 Junguni 1 1

10 Mzambarauni 1 1

11 Mpwambani 0

12 Kangagani 0 0

13 K/Kigongoni 0 0

14 Fundo 2 0

15 Mpembeni 0 0

16 Chwale 0 0

17 Maziwani 0 0

18 Mchangando 1 0

19 K/Minungwini 1 1 0

20 Kiungoni 0 0

21 Piki 1 0

22 Utaani 1 1 1

23 Bopwe 0 0

24 Ukunjwi 0 0

25 Pandani 2 1 1

26 Mt/Kaskazini 0 1 0

27 Selem 0 1 1 1

28 Kambini 1 1 1

29 Kojani 0 0

30 Shengejuu 0 1

31 Finya -

32 Kinyasini -

33 Mgogoni -

34 Mjananza -

35 Mlindo -

36 Mtemani -

Total 16 6 2 3 10Source: Wete district, 2015.

4.5 Basic health indicatorsThis section provides the status of the health sector within the district using different indicators such as the distribution of health facilities, number of staff and their qualification, distribution of staff, top causes of morbidity, child immunization, antenatal and postnatal services. In addition to that, it covers under-five mortality, and death at all ages.

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4.5.1 Number of health facilities

Wete district has a total of 19public health center units (PHCUs). Out of these, 14 are classified as first-line public health facilities. The remaining four PHCUs provide second-line services. Furthermore, the district has one district hospital and two PHCC located at Vitongoji area and Micheweni Hospital. These health facilities are owned by the government and parastatals while two are operated by the private sector. Table 46 shows the distribution of health facilities within the district by ownership.

Table 46: Health facilities by ownership, 2016

S . No . Shehia Facilities Type Ownership

1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU PHCU Public

2 Chwale Chwale PHCU PHCU Public

3 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ PHCU+ Public

4 Jadida Jadida PHCU PHCU Public

5 Junguni Junguni PHCU PHCU Public

6 Kambini Kambini PHCU PHCU Public

7 Kangagani Kangagani PHCU PHCU Public

8 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU PHCU Public

9 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU PHCU Public

10 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ PHCU+ Public

11 Makongeni Makongeni PHCU+ PHCU+ Public

12 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU PHCU Public

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni Takao PHCU PHCU+ Public

14 Ole Ole PHCU PHCU Public

15 Pandani Pandani PHCU PHCU Public

16 Tungamaa Tungamaa PHCU PHCU Public

17 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU PHCU Public

18 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU PHCU Public

19 Vumba Vumba PHCU PHCU Public

20 Pandani Wete District Hospital Hospital Public

21 Selem/Bopwe/Kipangani Wete RCH clinic PHCU Public

22 Selem Selem Dispensary PHCU Private

23 Mtambwe KMKM PHCU Parastatal

24 - Police PHCU Parastatal

25 - Citizen Dispensary PHCU PrivateSource: Wete district, 2016.

4.5.2 Health personnel and level of education

Table 47 shows the number of health staff and their qualification. It provides details on the number of staff members that is required against those that are currently working in the district. The last column in the table provides an estimate of staff numbers that should be employed in order to clear the existing gap.

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Table 47:Number of staff and their qualification

S . No . Profession Required number Available Gap

1 Clinical officer 19 4 15

2 Child health nurse 23 11 12

3 Nurse/ Midwife 24 4 20

4 G/Nurse 57 37 20

5 Maternal and child health 0 3 -3

6 H/ASS. 0 0 0

7 Nurse/ Psychiatry 0 3 -3

9 Lab. technician 17 1 16

10 Pharm/tech 15 0 15

11 Dental therapist 8 0 8

12 PHO 47 9 38

13 Clerk 0 0 0

14 R/Orderly 49 28 21

TOTAL 234102

132

Source: Wete district,2015.

Table 48: Number of personnel per health centre

S. N

o.

She

hia

Faci

lity

Type

Den

sity

CO

NM

W

PH

N ‘B

’

Nur

se G

en

Lab.

tech

Pha

rm. t

ech

Den

tal t

hera

p

EH

O

Cle

rk

Ord

erly

Nur

se a

ssis

tant

MC

H1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU Low 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

2 Chwale Chwale PHCU Low 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

3 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ Low 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

4 Jadida Jadida PHCU High 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1

5 Junguni Junguni PHCU Medium 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

6 Kambini Kambini PHCU Low 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

7 Kangagani Kangagani PHCU Low 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

8 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU Low 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

9 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU High 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

10 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ High 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0

11 Makongeni Makongeni PHCU+ Low 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

12 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU High 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni PHCU Medium 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

14 Ole Ole PHCU High 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

15 Pandani Pandani PHCU Medium 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

16 Tungamaa Tungamaa PHCU High 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

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S. N

o.

She

hia

Faci

lity

Type

Den

sity

CO

NM

W

PH

N ‘B

’

Nur

se G

en

Lab.

tech

Pha

rm. t

ech

Den

tal t

hera

p

EH

O

Cle

rk

Ord

erly

Nur

se a

ssis

tant

MC

H

17 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU Low 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

18 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU Medium 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0

19 Vumba Vumba PHCU Medium 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

RCH Wete RCH Clinic High 2 1 1 2 1

7 3 25 12 2 0 0 12 0 24 1 3Source: Wete district, 2015.

4.5.3 Distribution of staff

Table 49shows the distribution of health staff in different health facilities in the district. Although the table does not provide information on how many staff members are required, it is still evident that the health facilities do not have adequate staff.

Table 49: Number of community health workers (CHWs)

S . No . Shehia Facility Number of

health workers

1. Piki Bwagamoyo 3

2. Chwale Chwale 5

3. Kojani/Mpambani Kojani 5

4. Kiungoni/Shengejuu/Pembeni/Maziwani Kiungini 4

5. Pandani Pandani 3

6. Mzambarauni Mzambarauni 8

7. Kambini Kambini 4

8. Vumba/Kinyikani Vumba 3

9. Kiuyu Cha Minungwini Kiuyu Minungwini 4

10. Kangagani Kangagani 4

11. Kisiwani Kisiwani 4

12. Makongeni Makongeni 3

13. Uondwe Uondwe 4

14 Fundo Fundo 4

15 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 3

16 Gando/Junguni Junguni 6

17 Jadida/Utaani/Kizimbani/Limbani/Mtemani Jadida 9

18 Limbani Tungamaa 2

19 Selem/Bopwe/Kipangani RCH Wete 5

Total 89Source: Wete district, 2016.

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4.5.4 Family planning

Table 50 shows the status of different family planning methods in the district in 2015. It indicates that the main three family planning methods used in the district are injection, BTL and oral pills.

Table 50: Family planning methods

S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Faci

lity

Fam

ily p

lann

ing

(FP)

ne

w c

lient

cov

erag

e

Con

dom

IUC

D

Impl

anon

Inje

ctio

n

ML/

LA (B

TL)

Ora

l pill

s

1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU 3 0 0 301.7 12.6 0 4

2 Chwale Chwale PHCU 12.3 1.1 0 364.1 50.1 0 21.8

3 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ 3.8 1.6 0 221.8 21.1 0 20

4 Jadida Jadida PHCU 3 0.25 13.2 848.5 17.9 58.2 9.8

5 Junguni Junguni PHCU 7.2 1.7 32.4 776.6 20.2 43.3 5.8

6 Kambini Kambini PHCU 4.6 0.94 0 83.1 10.5 92.3 24.9

7 Kangagani Kangagani PHCU 6.6 0 5.5 2693 14.8 0 8.7

8 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU 3.8 0.25 15.9 646.1 25.2 31.8 6.9

9 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU 3.4 0.42 8 1263.2 8.8 23.9 3.7

10 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ 5.5 0 41.6 274.7 9.5 124.8 3.6

11 Makongeni Makongeni PHCU+ 1 0.04 0 29.9 7.5 0 5.2

12 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU 4.1 0.31 0 1090.2 13.8 0 5.8

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni Takao PHCU 8.6 0.21 0 2184.7 16.3 0 5.5

14 Ole Ole PHCU 1.4 0 4.9 96.6 7.1 14.6 0.65

15 Pandani Pandani PHCU 3.5 0.17 17.5 852.3 11.6 52.4 3.1

16 Tungamaa Tungamaa PHCU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU 4.6 0.14 18.6 851.1 8.7 74.3 2.5

18 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU 4.8 0.32 38 43.7 8.4 123.5 6

19 Vumba Vumba PHCU 2.1 0.02 0 638.6 3.5 64.6 2.8

20 Pandani Wete RCH clinic 8.5 1.1 29.9 1328.6 28 29.9 13.9

Wete 4.4 0.4 14.1 1031.9 15 42.9 7.4Source: Wete district, 2016.

4.5.5 Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI)

Table 51 indicates the percentage of children in the district affected by anaemia, malaria, malnutrition, diarrhoea, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and dysentery in 2016. Generally, children in the district are mainly affected by diarrhoea, pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).

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Table 51: IMCI indicators, 2016

S . N

o .

Sheh

ia

Hea

lth fa

cilit

y

Ana

emia

< 5y

rs

Mal

aria

rate

<

5yrs

Mal

nutr

ition

<

5yrs

_OPD

Mea

sles

< 5

yrs

Oth

er d

isea

ses

unde

r 5yr

s

Pneu

mon

ia <

5y

rs

UR

TI <

5yr

s

Dys

ente

ry <

5yrs

1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU 0 0.03 0.66 0 26.2 26.9 76.2 0.992 Chwale Chwale PHCU 0 0 0 0 48.9 41.5 303.9 1.93 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ 0 0 0 0 55.1 48.4 144.8 04 Jadida Jadida PHCU 0 0 0.06 0 2.6 1.3 20.5 0.145 Junguni Junguni PHCU 0.11 0.02 0 0 14.5 5.3 61.4 06 Kambini Kambini PHCU 0.16 0.03 0.16 0 34.8 19 113.7 0.977 Kangagani Kangagani PHCU 0.17 0 3.1 0 13.9 18.4 125.1 0.178 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU 0 0.03 0 0 7.7 16.8 43.9 0.179 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU 0.44 0 1.4 0 17.6 18.8 19.4 010 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ 0 0 9.4 0 50.8 36.3 139 1.911 Makongeni Makongeni PHCU+ 0 0 0.57 0 16.1 11.6 44.7 0.5712 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU 0 0 0.09 0 11.8 10.1 47.7 0

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni Takao PHCU 0.27 0.05 2.7 0 35.8 47.3 136.6 1.6

14 Ole Ole PHCU 0 0 0.1 0 3.3 2.4 22.1 0.0515 Pandani Pandani PHCU 0.09 0 0.27 0 10.6 17 26.4 0.0916 Tungamaa Tungamaa PHCU 0 0 0 0 39.3 54.6 173.3 017 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU 0.58 0.14 0.58 0 29.4 24.5 97.6 1.918 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU 0 0.02 0.3 0 16.6 23 35.4 0.719 Vumba Vumba PHCU 0 0 0 0 12.6 4.8 59.5 0.120 Pandani Wete RCH clinic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wete 0.66 0.02 2.4 0 20.9 25.2 96.2 0.5Source: Wete district,2016.

4.5.6 Immunization

The overall status of child immunization in 2016 is presented in Table 52. This service has been provided in 19 health facilities within the district. The table shows that Pandani, Kambini, Vumba, Kisiwani, Ukunjwi and Jadida health facilities in the district could not meet the target of 90 per cent coverage with respect to BCG, full immunization, Penta3 and measles in the year. Generally, the coverage in these health facilities is far below the target levels. However, the coverage in other health facilities was above 100 per cent, which may imply that there were errors in the estimation of the targeted population for the facilities.

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Table 52: Child immunization, 2016

S . No . Shehia Facility

BC

G d

ose

und

er 1

year

DPT

-HB

3 do

se<

1y

r (Pe

nta)

Mea

sles

do

ses<

1y

ear(

MC

V1)

TT2

Chi

ldre

n fu

lly

imm

uniz

ed

1 Piki Bwagamoyo 107 86 93 44 93

2 Chwale Chwale 320 244 213 85 213

3 Kojani/Mpambani Kojani 156 149 98 132 99

4

Kiungoni/Shengejuu/Pembeni/Maziwani

Kiunguni 115 85 82 45 78

5 Pandani Pandani 70 57 56 46 54

6 M/Takao Mzambarauni 135 128 110 102 105

7 Kambini Kambini 98 84 79 37 79

8 Vumba/Kinyikani Vumba 59 50 55 24 55

9 Kiuyu Cha Minungwini

Kiuyu Minungwini 136 130 132 91 132

10 Kangagani Kangagani 142 107 86 49 82

11 Kisiwani Kisiwani 83 72 78 48 77

12 Makongeni Makongeni 104 85 87 54 84

13 Uondwe Uondwe 123 116 99 111 99

14 Fundo Fundo 115 156 170 100 162

15 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi 74 76 76 46 76

16 Gando/Junguni Junguni 118 95 71 29 71

17Jadida/Utaani/Kizimbani/Limbani(/Mtemani

Jadida 57 46 49 27 48

18 Limbani Tungamaa

19 Selem/Bopwe/Kipangani RCH Wete 241 66 71 49 67


4.5.7 Malnutrition

The status of malnutrition in the district is summarized in Table 53. The table indicates the percentage of reported malnutrition cases per health facility. The health facility in Chwale shehia has the highest percentage of reported severe malnutrition cases.

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Table 53: Malnutrition cases per facility, 2016

S . No . Shehia Facility

Malnutrition incidence < 5years_OPD

Moderate malnutrition (weighed grey)

Severe malnutrition (weighed red)

1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU 0.66 15.1 0.06

2 Chwale Chwale PHCU 0 6.1 4.2

3 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ 0 1 0

4 Jadida Jadida PHCU 0.06 2.1 0.39

5 Junguni Junguni PHCU 0 3.6 0.11

6 Kambini Kambini PHCU 0.16 14.5 0.14

7 Kangagani Kangagani PHCU 3.1 11.3 0.71

8 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU 0 1.8 0.2

9 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU 1.4 3.4 0.23

10 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ 9.4 10.1 1.3

11 Makongeni Makongeni PHCU+ 0.57 0.24 0.12

12 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU 0.09 1.6 0.34

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni Takao PHCU 2.7 0.48 0

14 Ole Ole PHCU 0.1 4.6 0.23

15 Pandani Pandani PHCU 0.27 0 0

16 Tungamaa Tungamaa PHCU 0 0 0

17 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU 0.58 3.1 0.56

18 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU 0.3 3.2 0.23

19 Vumba Vumba PHCU 0 0.29 0

20 Pandani Wete District Hospital 5.5 1

Wete 2.4 4.7 0.48Source: Wete district,2016

4.5.8 HIV and AIDS

Generally, Zanzibar has a concentrated epidemic with 1 per cent of the general population affected (THMIS 2012) and more than 2 per cent among key populations, namely people who inject drugs (11.3 per cent), female sex workers (19 per cent) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (2.6 per cent) (IBBSS 2012). HIV prevalence in North Region Pemba, which also includes Wete district, is 0.7 per cent (THMIS 2012).In Zanzibar, about 314 new infections have been estimated to occur yearly– the highest proportion contributed by stable heterosexual relationships (35.0 per cent), followed by clients of sex workers (28.6 per cent), people who inject drugs (PWID) (10.8 per cent) and partners of PWID (6.7 per cent). The other subpopulations that

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contribute to a higher proportion of the new HIV infections are partners of those having casual heterosexual sex (6.5 per cent), MSM (3.7 per cent) and partners of sex workers’ clients (2.3 per cent). None of the new HIV infections are from blood transfusion. This model also suggests that Zanzibar is characterized by a mixed epidemic, whereby new HIV infections are equally contributed by the general population as well as by key populations (Zanzibar HIV transmission model – ZIHTLP 2012).

Data from the Ministry of Health (2016) show that a total of 4,410individualswere tested for HIV, of which 29 were found to be HIV positive (0.7per cent). A total of 123individuals are on care and treatment, of which 13 are children and 110 are adults (ZIHTLP 2017).

4.5.9 Antenatal (ANC) and postnatal (PNC) services

The status related to the number of pregnant mothers who attended ANC and PNC clinics is provided in Table 54.

Table 54: Reproductive and child health (RCH) indicators, 2016

S. N

o.

She

hia

Faci

lity

AN

C 1

st v

isit

cove

rage

PN

C c

over

age

Ana

emia

test

ing

rate

_A

NC

HIV

test

ing

rate

fo

r AN

C

Mal

aria

test

ing

rate

_AN

C

Syp

hilis

test

ing

rate

for A

NC

clie

nt

1 Piki Bwagamoyo PHCU

112.5 57.8 2.3 22.2 207.4 0

2 Chwale Chwale PHCU 260.3 33.5 2.9 34.1 114.3 35.73 Fundo Fundo PHCU+ 82.9 155.4 32.6 12.2 112.5 28.14 Jadida Jadida PHCU 62.5 9.6 2.5 21.9 37.6 18.65 Junguni Junguni PHCU 115 13.7 41.9 6.1 91.2 18.16 Kambini Kambini PHCU 77.4 66.1 12.3 39.1 194.3 41.57 Kangagani Kangagani

PHCU111.4 144.3 3 3 65.7 0

8 Kisiwani Kisiwani PHCU 76.1 13.7 0 15 147 09 Kiungoni Kiungoni PHCU 93.9 26.7 3.5 23.8 61.2 41.410 Kojani Kojani PHCU+ 109.9 115.5 23.3 12.9 71.3 21.111 Makongeni Makongeni

PHCU+63.8 25.5 40.9 40.2 175.7 56.5

12 Minungwini Minungwini PHCU

157.2 10.1 21.9 32.3 70.2 56

13 Mzambarauni Mzambarauni Takao PHCU

122 11.6 21 12.5 116.4 20.7

14 Ole Ole PHCU 37.5 8.6 25.1 8.5 117.6 5.315 Pandani Pandani PHCU 87.8 18.9 27.6 45 126.4 41.916 Tungamaa Tungamaa

PHCU0 0 0 0

17 Ukunjwi Ukunjwi PHCU 85.1 70.7 1.7 13.1 59.8 26.818 Uondwe Uondwe PHCU 91.3 39.6 9.5 31 145.1 44.3

Continued

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S. N

o.

She

hia

Faci

lity

AN

C 1

st v

isit

cove

rage

PN

C c

over

age

Ana

emia

test

ing

rate

_A

NC

HIV

test

ing

rate

fo

r AN

C

Mal

aria

test

ing

rate

_AN

C

Syp

hilis

test

ing

rate

for A

NC

clie

nt

19 Vumba Vumba PHCU 80.4 6 2.8 16.2 55.9 2.320 Pandani Wete District

Hospital27.1 59.7 5.1 104.4

21 - Wete RCH clinic 92.2 71.7 27.1 59.7 5.1 104.4Wete 87.9 36.3 15 27.4 84 36.5


4.5.10 Maternal mortality

Table 55 presents the overall situation of the district in respect to maternal mortality. As shown in the table, maternal mortality has increased from 7 in 2013 to 12 in 2014, and then, declined to 9 in 2015. However, this analysis on the trend of maternal mortality has not taken into account the total number of women who gave birth, which is not available.

Table 55: Maternal mortality

Year 2013 2014 2015Maternal mortality 12 9 9

Source: Health Management Team, Wete district, 2015.

4.5.11 Deaths at all ages

Data related to death at all ages is collected from Wete District Hospital only. This is the only facility admitting patients within the district, while other facilities provide outpatient services only. Table 56 shows the number of people who died and the cause of death.

Table 56: Deaths at all ages in Wete District Hospital

Disease Number of deaths % of deaths

Pneumonia 17 40

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) 14 33

Hypertension 12 29

Renal failure 11 26

Acute confusion state 9 21

Epilepsy 9 21

Diabetes 7 17

Severe acute malnutrition 7 17

Septicemia/Severe bacterial infection 6 14

Other diagnosis 6 14

Other cases 42 100

Source: Health Management Team, Wete district, 2015.

Continued

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4.5.12 Deaths under five years age

Table 57 shows under-5 deaths as recorded in Wete District Hospital where patients were referred from other primary health facilities.

Table 57: Death among children aged under five years, by diagnosis

Disease Number of deaths % of deaths

Pneumonia 9 45

Severe anaemia (<7 gm/dl) 3 15

Septicemia/Severe bacterial infection 2 10

Abscess 1 5

Foreign body 1 5

Meningitis 1 5

Other diagnoses 1 5

Other disease 1 5

Severe acute malnutrition 1 5

20 100Source: Health Management Team, Wete district, 2015.

4.5.13 Top 10 causes of morbidity

Table 58 shows the top ten causes of morbidity in Wete district in 2015. The top causes of morbidity are URTIs – 47,586 cases accounting for 42 per cent of all reported cases – followed by other skin diseases, with 9,287 cases (8 per cent) and diarrhoea-related diseases (8 per cent), pneumonia (6 per cent) and ENT head and neck conditions (6 per cent).

Table 58: Top 10 causes of morbidity, 2015

Diagnosis New cases Percentage

URTI 47,586 42

Other skin diseases 9,287 8

Other diarrhoea-related diseases 9,059 8

ENT head and neck conditions 7,412 6

Pneumonia 6,311 6

Trauma / Injuries 4,845 4

Urinary tract infection (UTI) 4,293 4

Eye diseases 3,505 3

Dental diseases 2,465 2

Intestinal worms 1,698 1

Other diagnosis 17,602 15

Total 114,063 100Source: Wete district, 2016

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Chapter 5

Cross-cutting issues

Cross-cutting issuesThis chapter provides details on cross-cutting issues, which include the environment and energy sources.

5.1 EnvironmentIssues of environmental concerns in the district include destructive fishing, deforestation for fuel wood, and seawater inundation. Table 59 shows shehias affected by seawater inundation. It indicates that22 (38per cent) shehias out all36inthe district are affected.

Table 59: Shehias affected by seawater inundation

S . No . Shehia Area affected

1 Ukunjwi 1. Ukutani

2. Chuja

2 Gando 3. Nduini

4. Chokaani

5. Majomani

3 Kiuyu minungwini 6. Kambaani

7. Kitokwe

8. Kwahaji

4 Kiungoni 9. Tovuni

5 Chwale 10. Kambaani

11. Kwananga

6 Shengejuu 12. Ambasha

7 Piki 13. Mgoli

14. Kipange

8 Kisiwani 15. Mkukuchuni

9 Junguni 16. Kimakiwi

17. Mkongwewaziri

10 Kangagani 18. Kwamwanasiasa

19. Kwaduma

11 Mjio ole 20. Nyange

12 Mtambwe Kusini 21. Jonwe

22. Mto wa muwaleniSource: Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water, Energy and Environment, 2015.

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5.2 Sources of energyWete is among the districts in Zanzibar which have the lowest proportion of households connected with electricity. The percentage of households with electricity connection has increased from 12 in 2004/05 to 26 in 2014/15 as shown in Figure 8. This means that in 2014/15, 74 percent of households in the district have been relying on other sources of energy for cooking and lighting, which include gas, paraffin, charcoal, firewood and candles. Table 60 shows that 80 percent of the district’s residents use firewood as the source of energy for cooking. This dependence on firewood and charcoal leads to deforestation problems in the district.

Table 60: Main sources of energy for cooking

Kaskazini Pemba (region)

Wete (district)

Total households 39,408 20,151Electricity (TANESCO/ZECO) 1 1.2Solar energy 0 0Generator/Private sources 0 0Gas (industrial) 0 0.1Gas (biogas) 0 0.1Electricity (wind) 0 0Paraffin 1.8 1.4Coal 0.1 0.1Charcoal 10.6 16.8Firewood 86 80Wood/Farm residuals 0.1 0.1Animal residuals 0 0Not applicable 0.2 0.2


Figure 6: Number of households connected to ZECO electricity


2004/05 2009/10 2014/15

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Chapter 6

Priority areas and recommendations

IntroductionThis chapter identifies areas that the district needs to focus on, given the strength, weakness, opportunity and challenge (SWOC) analysis of the different sectors. Identification of priority issues in different sectors has also taken into consideration MKUZA III, Zanzibar Vision 2020, sectoral policies, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and objectives of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar as stipulated in the 2015election manifesto of the ruling party - Chama Cha Mapinduzi(CCM). The chapter also provides specific recommendations on the priority areas.

6.1 Priority areas and recommendationsThis section presents the proposed priority issues, together with recommendations for each of the main social and economic sectors in the district. The priority issues and respective recommendations are organized sector-wise as follows:

6.1.1 Education

The enrolment of children, both boys and girls, at basic, primary and secondary schools in the district has been improving. However, the main challenges facing the district, particularly at primary and secondary levels, include insufficient facilities, such as classrooms, toilets, desks, laboratory space and equipment, and availability of safe drinking water, and lack of learning materials. Also, schools lack teachers, particularly for mathematics and science. Thus, necessary interventions in the education sector in the district include improvement in the provision of facilities, teachers and learning materials.

6.1.2 Health

The critical health issues in the district include a high proportion of births attended by unskilled personnel, shortage of health professionals, poor attendance at ANC services, low level of immunization coverage and relatively high child and maternal mortality rates. Therefore, the district has to increase the proportion of births attended by health professionals, improve immunization coverage and reduce the child and women mortality rates.

6.1.3 Agriculture

The key issues in relation to agriculture in the district are modernization of agriculture and protection of agricultural land against encroachment by expanding construction activities and seawater. Modernization of agriculture should mainly seek to improve productivity and achieve self-sufficiency in food. The modernization of agriculture in the district requires the promotion of

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irrigation, provision of agricultural inputs at reduced/subsidized prices, provision of credit facilities to farmers to improve their ability to obtain agricultural inputs, and improvement of rural road networks to enhance marketing of agricultural products.

6.1.4 Fishery

The main concerns about fishery that the district needs to address include improving productivity and enhancing protection of the marine environment. Productivity can be improved through the extension of fishing to inshore waters and the use of modern fishing gears. Marine environment protection requires enhancement of the understanding of fishermen about the adverse effects of illegal fishing techniques, such as spear fishing, drag netting and dynamiting. Also, inspection patrols have to be enhanced in order to ensure sustainable fishing activities in the district.

6.1.5 Livestock

Livestock in the district is characterized by very low productivity, mainly due to inadequate provision of animal health services such as availability of quality and affordable animal feeds, and a lack of veterinary officers and poor knowledge of people about modern livestock rearing. The district has to improve livestock productivity through enhancing livestock services and training to livestock rearers.

6.1.6 Gender and social protection

The gender and social protection issues of importance in the district are enhancement of the protection of vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, against violence and abuse, and improvement of access of the elderly to available social protection schemes.

6.1.7 Water and sanitation

The district has inadequate safe and clean water, and liquid and solid waste management facilities are poor. For instance, the percentage of households in the district without toilet facilities is still high. Safe and clean water supply has to be improved through the rehabilitation and development of new water sources. The treatment and disposal of solid and liquid waste requires further improvement.

6.1.8 Environment

The critical issues related to the environment in the district include land encroachment by seawater, destructive fishing, land degradation associated with uncontrolled quarrying and sand mining, and deforestation due to construction and fuel wood.

6.1.9 District council

The municipal council has to expand its revenue sources by exploring new potential sources and strengthen its revenue collection system in order to mobilize resources required to support improvement in the quality of services delivered to the community in the district. The other priority for the district council is to improve land use planning in order to ensure appropriate location of human settlements and areas for other uses such as agriculture.

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Ap

pen

dix

: SW

OC

an

aly

sis

S . N

o .Se

ctor

St

reng

th

Wea

knes

s O

ppor

tuni

ties

Cha

lleng

es

1A

gric

ultu

ral

• P

rese

nce

of

dive

rsifi

ed c

rops

• P

osse

ss s

ome

know

ledg

e on

goo

d ag

ricul

tura

l pra

ctic

e

• La

ck o

f ade

quat

e an

d su

ffici

ent d

ata

on th

e se

ctor

, rel

ativ

ely

low

le

vel o

f edu

catio

n am

ong

the

wor

kers

, in

suffi

cien

t num

ber o

f st

aff,

low

agr

icul

tura

l pr

oduc

tivity

, re

lativ

ely

smal

l far

m

size

, low

use

of

mod

ern

agric

ultu

ral

inpu

ts, i

nade

quat

e in

form

atio

n sy

stem

re

late

d to

pro

duct

ion,

in

puts

ava

ilabi

lity

and

use

and

outp

ut

mar

ketin

g

• E

xist

ing

polit

ical

will

to

cha

nge

the

sect

or,

rela

tivel

y fa

vour

able

pol

icy

envi

ronm

ent,

grow

ing

popu

latio

n an

d in

crea

sing

in

hou

seho

ld d

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sabl

e in

com

e

• P

rese

nce

of p

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cts

supp

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elop

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t pa

rtner

s

• La

ck o

f wel

l-org

aniz

ed

mar

ketin

g sy

stem

s fo

r var

ious

cr

ops

Em

erge

nce

of n

ew d

isea

ses

• Fr

uit fl

y pr

oble

ms

• E

ncro

achm

ent o

f agr

icul

tura

l la

nd b

y se

awat

er a

nd

settl

emen

t, cl

imat

e ch

ange

, un

relia

ble

mar

ket,

over

-re

lianc

e on

rain

-fed

farm

ing

and

insu

ffici

ent w

ater

for o

pen

surfa

ce ir

rigat

ion;

• In

adeq

uate

bud

geta

ry

allo

catio

n

2Li

vest

ock

• Av

aila

ble

know

ledg

e on

live

stoc

k re

arin

g

• P

rese

nce

of w

ide

rang

e of

live

stoc

k ty

pes

• La

ck o

f ade

quat

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ta o

n th

e va

riety

su

bsec

tor

• Lo

w le

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catio

n am

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the

staf

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dry

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• La

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esto

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• E

xist

ing

leve

l of k

now

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stoc

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g

• P

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nce

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t, te

chno

logi

es w

hich

can

su

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t int

ensi

ve li

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itica

l will

to

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the

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in

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dem

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tock

pro

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s an

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• P

robl

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• La

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abou

t mod

ern

lives

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inst

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ns

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66

3Fi

sher

y•

Pre

senc

e of

fish

ing

area

, ava

ilabl

e fis

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ski

ll, m

any

peop

le a

re e

mpl

oyed

in

this

sec

tor

• In

adeq

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num

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of s

taff,

wea

k in

form

atio

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re

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mar

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inef

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• R

eadi

ly a

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grow

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pref

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for fi

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amid

in

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ultip

licity

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site

s, p

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colle

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stem

• E

nviro

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ion

issu

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trong

win

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hich

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s; il

lega

l fish

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4Fo

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adeq

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wor

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to

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such

as

com

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r, no

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of tr

ansp

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• P

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nce

of la

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and

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vern

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, est

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s in

diff

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, pre

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to in

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in

con

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• E

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by

incr

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ettle

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limat

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), in

crea

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dem

and

for

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by-

prod

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am

id

incr

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d di

spos

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inco

me

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rativ

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mun

ity is

m

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ated

to jo

in a

nd

esta

blis

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ativ

e so

ciet

y, tr

ust a

mon

g th

e m

embe

rs

• In

adeq

uate

num

ber o

f co

oper

ativ

e of

ficer

s,

wea

k m

onito

ring

• N

o de

velo

ped

mar

ketp

lace

w

ith re

quire

d in

frast

ruct

ure,

ther

e is

no

offi

ce, e

tc.

• P

rese

nce

of d

evel

opm

ent

partn

ers

who

are

im

plem

entin

g di

ffere

nt

proj

ects

whi

ch m

ake

use

of

coop

erat

ive

soci

etie

s

• In

adeq

uate

bud

geta

ry

allo

catio

n

6S

ocia

l ser

vice

s•

Wel

l-dis

tribu

ted

heal

th c

entre

s,

expe

rienc

ed s

taff

and

rela

tivel

y lo

w a

vera

ge

dist

ance

from

a

prim

ary

heal

th fa

cilit

y

• W

ell-d

istri

bute

d sc

hool

s w

ithin

the

dist

rict,

rela

tivel

y ed

ucat

ed te

achi

ng

staf

f, ec

onom

ies

of

scal

e in

pro

visi

on o

f se

rvic

es

• W

eak

data

col

lect

ion

syst

em a

nd a

naly

sis,

re

lativ

ely

low

leve

l of

educ

atio

n am

ong

the

staf

f, po

or w

orki

ng

tool

s

• R

elat

ivel

y w

eak

mon

itorin

g an

d in

form

atio

n sy

stem

, lo

w le

vel o

f util

izat

ion

of a

vaila

ble

data

• C

ondu

cive

pol

itica

l will

, pr

esen

ce o

f dev

elop

men

t pa

rtner

s w

ho a

re re

ady

to

com

plem

ent g

over

nmen

t ef

forts

• E

xist

ing

polit

ical

will

to

impr

ove

the

educ

atio

n se

ctor

, inc

reas

ing

hous

ehol

d di

spos

able

inco

me,

em

erge

nce

of p

rivat

e sc

hool

s w

ill re

duce

pre

ssur

e on

pub

lic s

choo

ls

• In

adeq

uate

sta

ff, la

ck o

f su

ffici

ent f

unds

• In

adeq

uate

bud

get a

lloca

tion,

pe

rcei

ved

view

that

edu

catio

n sh

ould

be

idea

lly p

rovi

ded

by

the

gove

rnm

ent a

s a

publ

ic

good

• S

mal

l am

ount

of b

udge

t w

hich

hin

ders

pro

cure

men

t of

impo

rtant

equ

ipm

ent t

o fa

cilit

ate

adju

dica

tion

Wet

e di

stric

t pro

file

67

• R

elat

ivel

y et

hica

l and

cl

osed

soc

iety

• Av

aila

bilit

y of

a

data

base

of

the

aged

; sm

all

geog

raph

ical

are

a is

ea

sier

to ta

rget

• S

ocie

tal w

illin

gnes

s to

repo

rt vi

olat

ion

of c

hild

righ

t is

still

lo

w. I

n m

ost c

ases

, te

nden

cy to

pre

fer

fam

ily s

ettle

men

t ra

ther

a c

ourt

case

• R

elat

ivel

y sm

all

amou

nt o

f mon

ey

is p

rovi

ded;

lack

of

profi

ling

of re

cipi

ents

is

a p

robl

em

• S

trong

pol

itica

l will

; es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f a s

peci

al

cour

t dea

ling

with

issu

es o

f ch

ild a

buse

• D

eter

min

atio

n by

the

gove

rnm

ent t

o pr

ovid

e pe

nsio

n to

elig

ible

peo

ple

• Av

aila

bilit

y of

suf

ficie

nt b

udge

t is

a p

robl

em

7W

ater

• P

rese

nce

of a

n in

stitu

tion

whi

ch

is s

peci

fical

ly

deal

ing

with

sup

ply

of w

ater

in th

e di

stric

t, pr

esen

ce o

f un

derg

roun

d w

ater

so

urce

s, p

rese

nce

of w

ater

sup

ply

infra

stru

ctur

e

• A

num

ber o

f ho

useh

olds

are

no

t con

nect

ed

yet,

envi

ronm

enta

l de

stru

ctio

n, la

ck o

f su

ffici

ent w

orki

ng

tool

s, la

ck o

f a

stan

d-by

gen

erat

or,

few

num

ber o

f sta

ff,

cust

omer

s w

ho a

re

not w

illin

gly

to s

ettle

w

ater

bill

s

• P

rese

nce

of e

lect

ricity

in

frast

ruct

ure

with

in th

e di

stric

t whi

ch c

an b

e us

ed

to p

ump

wat

er; g

over

nmen

t ze

al to

dev

elop

wat

er s

uppl

y

• La

ck o

f edu

catio

n on

wat

er

use

effic

ienc

y, in

adeq

uate

bu

dget

ary

allo

catio

n, ir

rigat

ed

agric

ultu

re w

hich

has

low

w

ater

use

effi

cien

cy

8C

ross

cut

ting

issu

es•

Pre

senc

e of

som

e in

form

atio

n re

gard

ing

the

cros

s-cu

tting

is

sues

with

in th

e di

stric

t

• G

row

ing

reco

gniti

on

on th

e ne

ed to

pr

otec

t env

ironm

ent

• W

eak

info

rmat

ion

data

base

on

all

issu

es re

late

d to

en

viro

nmen

t, su

ch

as a

mou

nt a

nd

type

of f

uel u

sed

by

hous

ehol

ds, l

ack

of c

ompr

ehen

sive

in

form

atio

n on

ext

ent

of e

nviro

nmen

tal

degr

adat

ion

• In

stitu

tions

and

lega

l fra

mew

ork

• Lo

w b

udge

tary

allo

catio

n

• In

crea

sing

effe

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

Documents

Wete district profile - UNICEFWete district profile ix Preface T his revised district profile is an update of the previous report produced in 2007.The development of the document was