Upload
others
View
15
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Today’s Topics
• Review: The Market Revolution
• The 2nd Great Awakening
• The Age of Jackson
1
Quiz Geography
• Slaves states
• 1820 Missouri Comprise
• Mississippi River
• Free States
• Texas
2
Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850 By 1850, high population density characterized parts of the Midwest as well
as the Northeast.
1900 Census of Population, Statistical Atlas, plates 2 and 8. 3
Canada
MEXICO
• 1790 4,636,074
• 1803 5,764,731
• 1810 6,122,364
• 1820 6,204,000
• 1836 7,843,132
• 1838 7,004,140
• 1842 7,015,509
• 1846 7,000,000
• 1850 7,500,000
• 1857 8,247,660
4
• 1806 391,899
• 1840 593,025
• 1861 3,174,442
5
6
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820 7
• Roads and Steamboats
• The Erie Canal
8
Map 9.1 The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1840
• Railroads and the Telegraph
9
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820 10
• The Cotton Kingdom
11 Map 9.4 The Market Revolution : the spread of cotton
cultivation, 1820–1840
• The Growth of Cities
12
Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829 Working-class neighborhoods like the infamous Five Points District in New York, shown in this anonymous 1829 picture, were filthy, unhealthy, and crime-ridden.
Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idp7fLSo-nE
– Industry
• Samuel Slater, first textile mill 1790
• 1813 Boston Manufacturing Company, Lowell Mill
14
Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown (Museum of American Textile History)
• The Factory System
15
• The “Mill Girls”
16 A broadside from 1853, illustrating the
long hours of work
Women at work tending machines
in the Lowell
textile mills.
17
1820s Nile’s Weekly Register
“The American Republic invites nobody to come. We will keep out nobody. Arrivals will suffer no disadvantages as aliens. But they can expect no advantage either. Native-born and foreign-born face equal opportunities. What happens to them depends entirely on their individual ability and exertions, and on good fortune.” John Quincy Adams
A History of the American People
18
19
Immigration • The Irish
• 1. Three waves of Irish immigration:
• 2. Enter work force at the bottom
• 3. Compete with blacks and native-born
20
Immigration • The Germans
• 1. German immigrants represent diverse religions, classes, occupations
• 2. Cluster in German neighborhoods; build ethnic institutions
21
Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest
• 1. Heavy Catholic immigration produces Protestant backlash; nativist, anti-Catholic
• 2. 1850s, a nativist society, Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, becomes Know-Nothing Party, an important political party
• 3. 1844, anti-Catholic "Bible Riots" in Philadelphia
• 4. native-born workers fear job competition from Catholic immigrant workers
22
The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings
• In the 1830s nativists attacked Catholic immigrants, asserting that America’s republican values could not survive contact with a large, foreign-born Catholic population. These Protestants insisted that republicanism required a virtuous, educated, and free-spirited electorate, the opposite of how they portrayed Catholics: as superstitious, ignorant, and priest-ridden puppets. Anti-Catholicism had a long history in America, rooted in England’s struggles against Catholic Spain and France and the Puritan journey across the ocean to escape the Church of England’s “Romish” trappings.
Courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society 23
• The Growth of Immigration
• Irish and German Newcomers
24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM4UWh9EwKA
24mins
2nd Great Awakening
25
• Second Great Awakening 1790s-1840
– Begins in New England
– Camp Meetings & 1801 Kentucky
26
Religious Camp Meeting, a watercolor from the late 1830s
• Charles Finney & rejected predestination
– Anyone could achieve salvation
– Reached out to women
27
“Burned-Over District” New York
28
Mormons • Mormonism
– Joseph Smith
– Book of Mormon
– Persecution
• Polygamy
• Brigham Young
• Mormon Trail to Utah • https://familysearch.org/search/collection/location/1
29
Today’s Topics
• Age of Jackson 1828-1832
30
Age of Jackson
• Describe the political changes that occurred
during the Age of Jackson.
• How did the concept of democracy change?
• How does Jackson’s view of democracy differ from that of the Founding Fathers?
– Hartford Convention 1814 • Increase New England’s power in the Union
• Talk of secession from the U.S.
• Backlash against the Federalist Party
32
Era of Good Feelings 1817-1824
33
Missouri Compromise and the State of the Union, 1820
34
– Missouri Compromise 1820
• Henry Clay
• Missouri slave state
• Maine free state
• Prohibits slavery in Louisiana territory north of 36 30 latitude
35
The compromise worked out by House Speaker Henry Clay established a
formula that avoided debate over whether new states would allow or prohibit slavery. In the process, it divided the United States into northern and southern regions.
Missouri Compromise and the State of the Union, 1820
36
37
38
– Monroe Doctrine 1823
• John Quincy Adams
• U.S. pledged to stay out of European affairs.
• European nations will not interfere with independent nations in the western hemisphere.
• New European colonization in the western hemisphere prohibited
• Foundation of U.S. Foreign policy
39
Foreign Observers
Alexis de Tocquervile
• 1835 Democracy in America
Lorenzo de Zavala
• 1831 Journey to the United States of North America
40
Questions for discussion
• What are Tocqueville’s main observations about life in America during the 1830s?
• Are these observations still relevant today? Why? Why not?
41
Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, TN, Memphis Park Commission Purchase
Andrew Jackson, by Ralph Earl
42
43
44
45
Jacksonian Democracy
• “Old Hickory” man of the people
• End of property qualifications for voting
• Democratization does not extend to women and African-Americans
46
Election of 1824
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828
.
Rise of Jackson • Andrew Jackson • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqzPdWbo-Gs&list=PLB6479764103EC575&index=1
50
• 1828 South Carolina Exposition and Protest
– Response to Tariff of Abomination
– Tariff violated Constitution
– States’ rights to nullify
• John C. Calhoun
51
• Opposition to Jackson
– Whigs
52
53
American Progress 1872
54
The Removal of the Native Americans to the West, 1820–1840