Weo 2011 Pg Assumptions 450 Scenario(1) Calcul Cost Tehnologie Si o&m

Power Generation in the New Policies and 450 ScenariosAssumed investment costs, operation and maintenance costs and efficiencies in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011

Please note:1) Years refer to time of plant order2) Costs include owner's costs but exclude interest during construction3) Plant efficiency is gross, LHV (lower heating value). The difference between lower and higher heating value, based on IEA conventions, is 5% for coal and 10% for gas.4) Capital costs presented are a weighted average based on deployment for the given scenario. This results in general in decreasing investment costs due to learning and,

in some cases, this is offset by the deployment of more expensive resources/sites. 5) To convert to heat rate (Btu per kWh, HHV, sent out basis), use the formula: Heat rate = 1/(efficiency in %)*3412*a

a=1.05 for coal and 1.1 for gas (converts to HHV)Example: Coal plant, 38% efficiency

6) Costs are expressed in US dollars (2010 values)

Exchange rates (2010) (1 US dollar equals:)Euro 0.76United Kingdom pound 0.65Australian dollar 1.09Canadian dollar 1.03Chinese yuan 6.81Indian rupee 46.01Russian ruble 30.25Korean won 1155.43

Quick Link to SheetsCoalGasCCSNuclearRenewablesRenewables - Learning Rates

Assumed investment costs, operation and maintenance costs and efficiencies in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011

Plant efficiency is gross, LHV (lower heating value). The difference between lower and higher heating value, based on IEA conventions, is 5% for coal and 10% for gas.Capital costs presented are a weighted average based on deployment for the given scenario. This results in general in decreasing investment costs due to learning and,

Heat rate = 1/(efficiency in %)*3412*aa=1.05 for coal and 1.1 for gas (converts to HHV)

Coal plant, 38% efficiency Heat rate= 9428

2010 2020 2035 2010Steam Coal - SUBCRITICALEurope 1600 1600 1600 40United States 1800 1800 1800 45Japan 2100 2100 2100 53Russia 1700 1700 1700 51China 600 600 600 21India 1200 1200 1200 42Middle East 1200 1200 1200 42Africa 1400 1400 1400 44Brazil 1200 1200 1200 42Steam Coal - SUPERCRITICALEurope 1900 1900 1900 57United States 2100 2100 2100 63Japan 2400 2400 2400 72Russia 2000 2000 2000 70China 700 700 700 28India 1500 1500 1500 60Middle East 1500 1500 1500 60Africa 1750 1750 1750 63Brazil 1500 1500 1500 60Steam Coal - ULTRASUPERCRITICALEurope 2100 2100 2100 63United States 2300 2300 2300 69Japan 2600 2600 2600 78Russia 2200 2200 2200 66China 800 800 800 32India 1700 1700 1700 68Middle East 1700 1700 1700 68Africa 2000 2000 2000 70Brazil 1700 1700 1700 68IGCCEurope 2400 2400 2200 84United States 2600 2600 2400 91Japan 2900 2900 2700 102Russia 2500 2500 2300 88China 1100 1100 900 50India 2000 1900 1800 90Middle East 2000 1900 1800 90Africa 2300 2200 2100 92Brazil 2000 1900 1800 90

Capital costs($2010 per kW)

O&M Costs($2010 per kW)

NPS Scenario

2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2020 2035

40 40 39% 39% 39% 1600 160045 45 39% 39% 39% 1800 180053 53 39% 39% 39% 2100 210051 51 39% 39% 39% 1700 170021 21 37% 37% 37% 600 60042 42 34% 34% 34% 1200 120042 42 37% 37% 37% 1200 120044 44 35% 35% 35% 1400 140042 42 39% 39% 39% 1200 1200

57 57 44% 44% 44% 1900 190063 63 44% 44% 44% 2100 210072 72 44% 44% 44% 2400 240070 70 44% 44% 44% 2000 200028 28 42% 42% 42% 700 70060 60 39% 39% 39% 1500 150060 60 42% 42% 42% 1500 150063 63 40% 40% 40% 1750 175060 60 44% 44% 44% 1500 1500

63 63 47% 49% 51% 2100 210069 69 47% 49% 51% 2300 230078 78 47% 49% 51% 2600 260066 66 47% 49% 51% 2200 220032 32 46% 48% 50% 800 80068 68 42% 44% 46% 1700 170068 68 45% 47% 49% 1700 170070 70 43% 45% 47% 2000 200068 68 47% 49% 51% 1700 1700

84 77 48% 50% 52% 2400 220091 84 48% 50% 52% 2600 2400

102 95 48% 50% 52% 2900 270088 81 48% 50% 52% 2500 230050 41 47% 49% 51% 1100 90086 81 43% 45% 47% 1900 180086 81 46% 48% 50% 1900 180088 84 44% 46% 48% 2200 210086 81 48% 50% 52% 1900 1800


Efficiency(gross, LHV)


450 Scenario

2020 2035 2020 2035

40 40 39% 39%45 45 39% 39%53 53 39% 39%51 51 39% 39%21 21 37% 37%42 42 34% 34%42 42 37% 37%44 44 35% 35%42 42 39% 39%

57 57 44% 44%63 63 44% 44%72 72 44% 44%70 70 44% 44%28 28 42% 42%60 60 39% 39%60 60 42% 42%63 63 40% 40%60 60 44% 44%

63 63 49% 51%69 69 49% 51%78 78 49% 51%66 66 49% 51%32 32 48% 50%68 68 44% 46%68 68 47% 49%70 70 45% 47%68 68 49% 51%

84 77 50% 52%91 84 50% 52%

102 95 50% 52%88 81 50% 52%50 41 49% 51%86 81 45% 47%86 81 48% 50%88 84 46% 48%86 81 50% 52%



NPS Scenario

2010 2020 2035 2010 2020 2035CCGTEurope 900 900 900 23 23 23United States 900 900 900 23 23 23Japan 900 900 900 23 23 23Russia 800 800 800 28 28 28China 550 550 550 18 18 18India 700 700 700 25 25 25Middle East 800 800 800 28 28 28Africa 700 700 700 25 25 25Brazil 700 700 700 25 25 25Gas turbineEurope 500 500 500 20 20 20United States 500 500 500 20 20 20Japan 500 500 500 20 20 20Russia 450 450 450 23 23 23China 350 350 350 18 18 18India 400 400 400 20 20 20Middle East 450 450 450 23 23 23Africa 400 400 400 20 20 20Brazil 400 400 400 20 20 20CCGT - CHPEurope 1080 1080 1080 32 32 32United States 1080 1080 1080 32 32 32Japan 1080 1080 1080 32 32 32Russia 960 960 960 38 38 38China 660 660 660 26 26 26India 840 840 840 34 34 34Middle East 960 960 960 38 38 38Africa 840 840 840 34 34 34Brazil 840 840 840 34 34 34Fuel cell (distributed electricity generation)Europe 6000 5000 2500 120 100 50United States 6000 5000 2500 120 100 50Japan 6000 5000 2500 120 100 50Russia 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75China 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75India 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75Middle East 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75Africa 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75Brazil 6000 5000 2500 180 150 75



450 Scenario

2010 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035

59% 61% 62% 900 900 23 23 61% 62%59% 61% 62% 900 900 23 23 61% 62%59% 61% 62% 900 900 23 23 61% 62%57% 59% 61% 800 800 28 28 59% 61%57% 59% 61% 550 550 18 18 59% 61%56% 58% 60% 700 700 25 25 58% 60%57% 59% 61% 800 800 28 28 59% 61%57% 59% 61% 700 700 25 25 59% 61%57% 59% 61% 700 700 25 25 59% 61%

38% 40% 41% 500 500 20 20 40% 41%38% 40% 41% 500 500 20 20 40% 41%38% 40% 41% 500 500 20 20 40% 41%36% 38% 40% 450 450 23 23 38% 40%36% 38% 40% 350 350 18 18 38% 40%36% 38% 40% 400 400 20 20 38% 40%36% 38% 40% 450 450 23 23 38% 40%36% 38% 40% 400 400 20 20 38% 40%36% 38% 40% 400 400 20 20 38% 40%

79% 81% 82% 1080 1080 32 32 81% 82%79% 81% 82% 1080 1080 32 32 81% 82%79% 81% 82% 1080 1080 32 32 81% 82%77% 79% 81% 960 960 38 38 79% 81%77% 79% 81% 660 660 26 26 79% 81%76% 78% 80% 840 840 34 34 78% 80%77% 79% 81% 960 960 38 38 79% 81%77% 79% 81% 840 840 34 34 79% 81%77% 79% 81% 840 840 34 34 79% 81%

45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 100 50 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 100 50 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 100 50 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%45% 52% 60% 5000 2500 150 75 52% 60%





NPS Scenario

2010 2020 2035 2010Coal + CCSEurope 3420 3420 2700 103United States 3780 3780 2900 113Japan 4100 4100 3260 123Russia 3600 3600 2800 126China 1500 1500 1500 60India 2700 2700 2300 108Middle East 2700 2700 2300 108Africa 3240 3240 2590 113Brazil 2700 2700 2300 108Oxyfuel + CCSEurope 3680 3680 3000 110United States 4000 4000 3200 120Japan 4300 4300 3500 129Russia 3850 3850 3100 116China 1700 1700 1700 68India 2980 2980 2600 119Middle East 2980 2980 2600 119Africa 3500 3500 2800 123Brazil 2980 2980 2600 119IGCC + CCSEurope 3480 3480 2900 122United States 3770 3770 3100 132Japan 4210 4210 3400 147Russia 3630 3630 3000 127China 1800 1800 1600 81India 2900 2760 2500 131Middle East 2900 2760 2500 131Africa 3340 3340 2670 133Brazil 2900 2760 2500 131CCGT + CCSEurope 1620 1620 1350 41United States 1620 1620 1350 41Japan 1620 1620 1350 41Russia 1440 1440 1250 50China 1000 1000 1000 33India 1260 1260 1150 44Middle East 1440 1440 1250 50Africa 1260 1260 1010 44Brazil 1260 1260 1150 44



NPS Scenario 450 Scenario

2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035

103 81 35% 35% 36% 3420 2710 103 81113 87 35% 35% 36% 3780 2990 113 90123 98 35% 35% 36% 4100 3420 123 103126 98 35% 35% 36% 3600 2850 126 100

60 60 33% 33% 34% 1500 1500 60 60108 92 30% 30% 31% 2700 2300 108 92108 92 33% 33% 34% 2700 2300 108 92113 91 31% 31% 32% 2700 2300 95 81108 92 35% 35% 36% 2700 2300 108 92

110 90 38% 40% 43% 3680 3000 110 90120 96 38% 40% 43% 4000 3200 120 96129 105 38% 40% 43% 4300 3600 129 108116 93 38% 40% 43% 3850 3100 116 93

68 68 37% 39% 42% 1700 1700 68 68119 104 33% 35% 38% 2980 2600 119 104119 104 36% 38% 41% 2980 2600 119 104123 98 34% 36% 39% 2980 2600 104 91119 104 38% 40% 43% 2980 2600 119 104

122 102 39% 41% 45% 3480 2900 122 102132 109 39% 41% 45% 3770 3100 132 109147 119 39% 41% 45% 4210 3400 147 119127 105 39% 41% 45% 3630 3000 127 105

81 72 38% 40% 44% 1800 1600 81 72124 113 34% 36% 40% 2760 2500 124 113124 113 37% 39% 43% 2760 2500 124 113133 107 35% 37% 41% 2760 2500 110 100124 113 39% 41% 45% 2760 2500 124 113

41 34 51% 53% 55% 1620 1350 87 7341 34 51% 53% 55% 1620 1350 94 7841 34 51% 53% 55% 1620 1350 105 8550 44 49% 51% 54% 1440 1250 127 10533 33 49% 51% 54% 1000 1000 59 5244 40 48% 50% 53% 1260 1150 96 8850 44 49% 51% 54% 1440 1250 96 8844 35 49% 51% 54% 1260 1150 96 8844 40 49% 51% 54% 1260 1150 96 88





2020 2035

35% 36%35% 36%35% 36%35% 36%33% 34%30% 31%33% 34%31% 32%35% 36%

40% 43%40% 43%40% 43%40% 43%39% 42%35% 38%38% 41%36% 39%40% 43%

41% 45%41% 45%41% 45%41% 45%40% 44%36% 40%39% 43%37% 41%41% 45%

53% 55%53% 55%53% 55%51% 54%51% 54%50% 53%51% 54%51% 54%51% 54%


NPS Scenario

2010 2020 2035 2010 2020NuclearEurope 4000 4000 4000 100 100United States 4600 4600 4600 104 104Japan 4200 4200 4200 116 116Russia 3500 3500 3500 123 123China 2000 2000 2000 70 70India 2800 2800 2800 105 105Middle East 3200 3200 3200 120 120Africa 3600 3600 3600 120 120Brazil 3500 3500 3500 123 123




2035 2010 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035

100 33% 33% 33% 4000 4000 100 100104 33% 33% 33% 4600 4600 104 104116 33% 33% 33% 4200 4200 116 116123 33% 33% 33% 3500 3500 123 123

70 33% 33% 33% 2000 2000 70 70105 33% 33% 33% 2800 2800 105 105120 33% 33% 33% 3200 3200 120 120120 33% 33% 33% 3600 3600 120 120123 33% 33% 33% 3500 3500 123 123





2020 2035

33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%33% 33%


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2010 2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2010 2020 2035 2020

Biomass Power plantEurope 2370 2270 2130 83 79 75 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2260United States 2490 2380 2240 87 83 78 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2370Japan 2390 2280 2150 84 80 75 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2270Russia 2230 2230 2110 78 78 74 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2160China 2180 2110 2020 76 74 71 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2100India 2150 2060 1950 75 72 68 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2050Middle East 2220 2110 1980 78 74 69 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2100Africa 2160 2060 1930 75 72 68 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2050Brazil 2490 2380 2240 87 83 78 35% 35% 35% 70% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0 3.0 2370Biogas - DG IndustryEurope 2810 2850 2600 107 108 87 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2880United States 2730 2840 2720 104 108 103 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2860Japan 3280 3080 3420 125 117 101 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3140Russia 2320 2270 2570 88 86 98 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2270China 2200 2610 2480 84 99 94 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2600India 2170 2080 1970 82 79 75 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2070Middle East 2700 2200 2450 103 84 93 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2190Africa 2340 2230 2110 89 85 80 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2210Brazil 2730 2840 2720 104 108 103 30% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2860Biomass CofiringEurope 590 570 530 23 22 21 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 560United States 620 600 560 24 23 22 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 590Japan 600 570 540 23 22 21 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 570Russia 560 540 520 21 20 20 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 540China 550 530 500 20 20 19 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 520India 540 520 490 20 19 18 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 510Middle East 550 530 500 21 20 19 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 530Africa 550 530 500 21 20 19 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 520Brazil 620 600 560 24 22 21 37% 37% 37% 70% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 590Biomass CHP MediumEurope 3670 3660 3390 139 139 129 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3660United States 3740 3950 3720 142 150 141 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3920Japan 3890 3840 3610 148 146 137 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3870Russia 2920 2830 3560 111 108 135 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2810China 2840 2740 3430 108 104 131 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2730India 2800 2700 3300 106 103 125 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2700Middle East 2800 2700 3300 106 103 125 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2700Africa 2800 2700 3300 106 103 125 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2700Brazil 3740 3950 3720 142 150 141 70% 70% 70% 65% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3920Biomass CHP SmallEurope 5290 5110 4740 201 194 180 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 5090United States 5330 5100 4780 203 194 182 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 5360Japan 5420 5230 4930 206 199 187 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 5210Russia 4750 4660 4460 181 177 169 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4630

Renewables - regional details

Capital cost ($2010 per kW)

Yearly O&M cost ($2010 per kW)

Efficiency (power generation %)

Capacity factor(%)

Construction Time(years)


Note: average figures at regional level

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China 4630 4510 4590 173 168 171 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4490India 4630 4450 4480 176 169 170 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4450Middle East 4630 4450 4480 176 169 170 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4450Africa 4630 4450 4480 176 169 170 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4450Brazil 5330 5100 4780 203 194 182 65% 65% 65% 60% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0 2.0 5360Biomass - waste incineration - CHPEurope 7310 7120 7050 278 270 252 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7120United States 8130 7870 7550 309 299 278 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7830Japan 8360 7990 7520 318 304 286 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7950Russia 6910 6720 6680 262 255 245 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 6690China 6660 7430 7100 248 277 265 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7410India 6850 7180 7050 283 273 273 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7180Middle East 7530 7300 6830 283 273 273 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7300Africa 7530 7300 6830 283 273 273 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7300Brazil 8130 7870 7330 309 299 278 50% 50% 50% 65% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0 3.0 7830

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GeothermalEurope 2400 3610 3210 64 72 64 15% 15% 15% 70% 75% 80% 4.0 4.0 4.0 3600United States 2080 2030 1830 42 41 37 15% 15% 15% 73% 78% 80% 4.0 4.0 4.0 2010Japan 2300 3340 2110 46 67 42 15% 15% 15% 64% 64% 64% 4.5 4.5 4.0 3930Russia 1980 2490 2490 40 50 50 15% 15% 15% 68% 73% 78% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2470China 2550 3550 3400 73 71 68 15% 15% 15% 68% 73% 78% 4.5 4.5 4.0 3520India 2070 2000 1910 41 40 38 15% 15% 15% 65% 70% 75% 4.5 4.5 4.0 3050Middle East 2080 3450 3350 42 69 67 15% 15% 15% 65% 70% 75% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3450Africa 2120 2880 3530 42 58 71 15% 15% 15% 65% 70% 75% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3490Brazil 2080 2030 1830 42 41 37 15% 15% 15% 65% 70% 75% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2010Hydropower - large-scaleEurope 2230 2560 2970 56 64 74 100% 100% 100% 26% 26% 26% 4.0 4.0 4.0 2850United States 2490 2480 2460 62 62 62 100% 100% 100% 33% 33% 33% 4.0 4.0 4.0 2480Japan 2450 2440 2410 61 61 60 100% 100% 100% 24% 24% 24% 4.5 4.5 4.0 2440Russia 2030 2070 2160 51 52 54 100% 100% 100% 43% 43% 43% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2070China 1450 1670 1500 33 42 38 100% 100% 100% 38% 38% 38% 4.5 4.5 4.0 1680India 1870 2000 2080 47 50 52 100% 100% 100% 37% 35% 35% 4.5 4.5 4.0 2040Middle East 1980 2070 2080 49 52 52 100% 100% 100% 25% 25% 25% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2070Africa 2330 2130 1980 58 53 50 100% 100% 100% 50% 50% 50% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2970Brazil 2490 2480 2460 62 62 62 100% 100% 100% 54% 54% 54% 7.0 5.5 4.0 2480

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Hydropower - small-scaleEurope 3900 3900 3950 89 100 77 100% 100% 100% 30% 30% 30% 4.0 4.0 4.0 3860United States 3870 3860 3850 77 77 77 100% 100% 100% 30% 30% 30% 4.0 4.0 4.0 3860Japan 3610 3590 3590 72 72 72 100% 100% 100% 30% 30% 30% 4.5 4.5 4.0 3590Russia 3240 3310 3450 65 66 69 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3310China 1970 2120 2250 39 42 45 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 4.5 4.5 4.0 2120India 2980 3010 3060 60 60 61 100% 100% 100% 30% 30% 30% 4.5 4.5 4.0 3150Middle East 3160 3170 3200 63 63 64 100% 100% 100% 30% 30% 30% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3170Africa 3130 3150 3160 63 63 63 100% 100% 100% 50% 50% 50% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3920Brazil 3870 3860 3850 77 77 77 100% 100% 100% 50% 50% 50% 7.0 5.5 4.0 3860Solar photovoltaics - Large scaleEurope 2900 2260 1720 44 34 26 100% 100% 100% 13% 16% 17% 1.5 1.5 1.5 2170United States 3730 2420 1800 56 36 27 100% 100% 100% 19% 19% 20% 1.5 1.5 1.5 2280Japan 3050 2180 1660 46 33 25 100% 100% 100% 12% 14% 15% 2.0 1.5 1.5 2120Russia 3280 2130 1480 49 32 22 100% 100% 100% 12% 12% 12% 2.5 2.0 1.5 2130China 2590 1760 1360 39 26 20 100% 100% 100% 16% 18% 19% 2.0 1.5 1.5 1670India 2600 1870 1420 39 28 21 100% 100% 100% 16% 18% 20% 2.5 2.0 1.5 1720Middle East 3030 2190 1670 45 33 25 100% 100% 100% 20% 21% 22% 2.5 2.0 1.5 2080Africa 3230 2140 1630 48 32 24 100% 100% 100% 20% 21% 22% 2.5 2.0 1.5 2040Brazil 3730 2420 1800 56 36 27 100% 100% 100% 16% 18% 19% 2.5 2.0 1.5 2280Solar photovoltaics - BuildingsEurope 3880 2570 2040 58 39 31 100% 100% 100% 11% 12% 13% 1.0 1.0 1.0 2510United States 4470 2920 2290 67 44 34 100% 100% 100% 17% 18% 19% 1.0 1.0 1.0 2820Japan 3940 2810 2210 59 42 33 100% 100% 100% 12% 13% 13% 1.0 1.0 1.0 2670Russia 4100 2770 2160 61 42 32 100% 100% 100% 9% 10% 11% 1.5 1.3 1.0 2630China 3240 2200 1700 49 33 25 100% 100% 100% 16% 17% 18% 1.0 1.0 1.0 2090India 3180 2120 1740 48 32 26 100% 100% 100% 16% 18% 19% 1.5 1.3 1.0 2030Middle East 4040 2690 2040 61 40 31 100% 100% 100% 18% 21% 21% 1.5 1.3 1.0 2550Africa 3910 2610 1990 59 39 30 100% 100% 100% 18% 18% 20% 1.5 1.3 1.0 2490Brazil 4470 2920 2290 67 44 34 100% 100% 100% 15% 17% 19% 1.5 1.3 1.0 2820

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Concentrating solar powerEurope 7160 4990 3750 286 200 139 40% 40% 40% 41% 41% 41% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4660United States 5890 4190 3280 236 168 131 40% 40% 40% 45% 45% 45% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3870Japan n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.aRussia n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.aChina 5090 3660 2870 204 146 115 40% 40% 40% 39% 44% 50% 2.0 2.0 2.0 3370India 4990 3530 2750 200 141 110 40% 40% 40% 39% 39% 39% 3.0 2.8 2.5 3250Middle East 5200 3680 2830 208 147 113 40% 40% 40% 39% 39% 39% 3.0 2.8 2.5 3330Africa 5020 3560 2550 201 142 102 40% 40% 40% 34% 44% 50% 3.0 2.8 2.5 3270Brazil 5890 4190 3280 236 168 131 40% 40% 40% 44% 46% 50% 3.0 2.8 2.5 3870MarineEurope 6720 5570 3580 202 167 107 100% 100% 100% 41% 41% 41% 4.0 4.0 4.0 5380United States 6830 5720 2860 205 172 86 100% 100% 100% 48% 48% 48% 4.0 4.0 4.0 5800Japan 6600 5430 2870 198 163 86 100% 100% 100% 48% 48% 48% 4.5 4.3 4.0 5430Russia 7200 5930 3130 216 178 94 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 7.0 5.5 4.0 5930China 6950 6080 3240 222 182 97 100% 100% 100% 45% 45% 45% 4.5 4.3 4.0 6080India 6950 5600 3190 220 181 96 100% 100% 100% 46% 46% 46% 4.5 4.3 4.0 5600Middle East 6530 5380 2830 196 161 85 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 7.0 5.5 4.0 5380Africa 6950 5700 3000 209 171 90 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 7.0 5.5 4.0 5700Brazil 6830 5720 2860 205 172 86 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 7.0 5.5 4.0 5910

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Wind onshoreEurope 1690 1630 1620 25 24 24 100% 100% 100% 24% 24% 24% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1680United States 1850 1720 1670 28 26 25 100% 100% 100% 26% 28% 29% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1760Japan 1720 1660 1610 26 25 24 100% 100% 100% 26% 26% 26% 1.8 1.5 1.5 1680Russia 1540 1430 1400 23 21 21 100% 100% 100% 25% 27% 28% 2.5 2.0 1.5 1420China 1480 1530 1440 22 23 22 100% 100% 100% 26% 26% 26% 1.8 1.5 1.5 1530India 1450 1430 1410 22 22 21 100% 100% 100% 22% 23% 23% 1.8 1.5 1.5 1410Middle East 1510 1400 1420 23 21 21 100% 100% 100% 27% 27% 27% 2.5 2.0 1.5 1390Africa 1470 1370 1370 22 21 21 100% 100% 100% 25% 25% 25% 2.5 2.0 1.5 1360Brazil 1850 1720 1670 28 26 25 100% 100% 100% 26% 27% 28% 2.5 2.0 1.5 1760Wind offshoreEurope 3410 2370 1900 102 71 57 100% 100% 100% 35% 37% 40% 2.5 2.5 2.5 2290United States 2780 2410 1890 83 76 57 100% 100% 100% 36% 39% 40% 2.5 2.5 2.5 2250Japan 3120 2120 1780 94 63 53 100% 100% 100% 38% 38% 39% 3.0 2.5 2.5 2070Russia 2990 1860 1630 90 56 49 100% 100% 100% 38% 38% 38% 4.0 3.5 2.5 1810China 2980 2040 1710 89 61 51 100% 100% 100% 38% 38% 38% 3.0 2.5 2.5 2010India 2560 1800 1680 77 54 50 100% 100% 100% 39% 39% 39% 3.0 2.5 2.5 1740Middle East 2940 1910 1710 88 57 51 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 4.0 3.5 2.5 1830Africa 2680 1810 1620 80 54 49 100% 100% 100% 39% 39% 39% 4.0 3.5 2.5 1750Brazil 2530 2530 1890 76 76 57 100% 100% 100% 40% 40% 40% 4.0 3.5 2.5 2450

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450 Scenario

2035 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035 2020 2035

2100 80 73 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.02200 80 77 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.02110 80 74 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.02030 80 71 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.01970 70 69 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.01910 70 67 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.01940 70 68 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.01900 70 66 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.02200 80 77 35% 35% 70% 70% 3.0 3.0

2620 110 88 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02670 110 101 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.03300 120 101 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02510 90 95 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02430 100 92 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02030 80 77 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02430 80 92 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02410 80 92 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.02670 110 101 30% 30% 70% 70% 2.0 2.0

520 20 20 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0550 20 21 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0530 20 20 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0510 20 19 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0490 20 18 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0480 20 18 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0490 20 18 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0490 20 18 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0550 20 21 37% 37% 70% 72% 2.0 2.0

3370 140 128 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03650 150 139 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03600 150 137 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03450 110 131 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03400 100 129 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03300 103 125 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03300 103 125 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03300 103 125 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.03650 150 139 70% 70% 70% 75% 2.0 2.0

4690 190 178 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.05020 200 191 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.04840 200 184 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.04680 180 178 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0


Yearly O&M cost ($2010 per kW)

Efficiency (power generation %)

Capacity factor(%)

Construction Time(years)

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4540 170 169 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.04480 169 170 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.04480 169 170 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.04480 169 170 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.05020 200 191 65% 65% 65% 70% 2.0 2.0

6930 270 250 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.07400 300 276 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.07390 300 281 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.06610 250 241 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.06970 280 260 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.07050 273 273 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.06830 273 273 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.06830 273 273 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.07250 300 276 50% 50% 65% 65% 3.0 3.0

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2990 70 60 15% 15% 75% 80% 4.0 4.01970 40 39 15% 15% 78% 80% 4.0 4.03580 80 72 15% 15% 64% 64% 4.5 4.02510 50 50 15% 15% 73% 78% 5.5 4.03510 70 70 15% 15% 73% 78% 4.5 4.03000 40 81 15% 15% 70% 75% 4.5 4.03350 69 67 15% 15% 70% 75% 5.5 4.03490 70 70 15% 15% 70% 75% 5.5 4.01970 40 39 15% 15% 70% 75% 5.5 4.0

2930 70 89 100% 100% 26% 26% 4.0 4.02460 60 61 100% 100% 33% 33% 4.0 4.02410 60 60 100% 100% 24% 24% 4.5 4.02160 50 54 100% 100% 43% 43% 5.5 4.01490 40 37 100% 100% 38% 38% 4.5 4.03350 50 84 100% 100% 35% 35% 4.5 4.02080 50 52 100% 100% 25% 25% 5.5 4.01990 70 50 100% 100% 50% 50% 5.5 4.02460 60 61 100% 100% 54% 54% 5.5 4.0

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3970 80 75 100% 100% 30% 30% 4.0 4.03850 80 77 100% 100% 30% 30% 4.0 4.03580 70 72 100% 100% 30% 30% 4.5 4.03450 70 69 100% 100% 40% 40% 5.5 4.02250 40 45 100% 100% 40% 40% 4.5 4.03880 60 78 100% 100% 30% 30% 4.5 4.03190 60 64 100% 100% 30% 30% 5.5 4.03160 80 63 100% 100% 50% 50% 5.5 4.03850 80 77 100% 100% 50% 50% 5.5 4.0

1570 30 23 100% 100% 16% 17% 1.5 1.51530 30 23 100% 100% 19% 20% 1.5 1.51530 30 23 100% 100% 14% 15% 1.5 1.51480 32 22 100% 100% 12% 12% 2.0 1.51140 30 17 100% 100% 18% 19% 1.5 1.51220 30 18 100% 100% 18% 20% 2.0 1.51410 30 21 100% 100% 21% 22% 2.0 1.51380 30 21 100% 100% 21% 22% 2.0 1.51530 30 23 100% 100% 18% 19% 2.0 1.5

1830 40 28 100% 100% 12% 13% 1.0 1.01950 40 29 100% 100% 18% 19% 1.0 1.01890 40 28 100% 100% 13% 13% 1.0 1.01830 40 27 100% 100% 10% 11% 1.3 1.01430 30 21 100% 100% 17% 18% 1.0 1.01500 30 22 100% 100% 18% 19% 1.3 1.01730 40 26 100% 100% 21% 21% 1.3 1.01690 40 25 100% 100% 18% 20% 1.3 1.01950 40 29 100% 100% 17% 19% 1.3 1.0

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3210 190 128 40% 40% 41% 41% 2.0 2.02760 150 110 40% 40% 45% 45% 2.0 2.0

n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.an.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a

2470 130 99 40% 40% 44% 50% 2.0 2.01930 130 77 40% 40% 39% 39% 2.8 2.72170 130 87 40% 40% 39% 39% 2.8 2.72340 130 93 40% 40% 44% 50% 2.8 2.72760 150 110 40% 40% 46% 50% 2.8 2.7

3030 160 91 100% 100% 41% 41% 4.0 4.02960 180 89 100% 100% 48% 48% 4.0 4.02640 163 79 100% 100% 48% 48% 4.3 4.02910 178 87 100% 100% 40% 40% 5.5 4.03140 182 94 100% 100% 45% 45% 4.3 4.03090 181 93 100% 100% 46% 46% 4.3 4.02660 161 80 100% 100% 40% 40% 5.5 4.03430 171 103 100% 100% 40% 40% 5.5 4.02960 180 89 100% 100% 40% 40% 5.5 4.0

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1590 30 24 100% 100% 24% 24% 1.5 1.51650 30 25 100% 100% 28% 29% 1.5 1.51530 30 23 100% 100% 26% 26% 1.5 1.51420 20 21 100% 100% 27% 28% 2.0 1.51400 20 21 100% 100% 26% 26% 1.5 1.51350 20 20 100% 100% 23% 23% 1.5 1.51420 20 21 100% 100% 27% 27% 2.0 1.51390 20 21 100% 100% 25% 25% 2.0 1.51650 30 25 100% 100% 27% 28% 2.0 1.5

1750 70 53 100% 100% 37% 40% 2.5 2.51700 70 51 100% 100% 39% 40% 2.5 2.51590 60 48 100% 100% 38% 39% 2.5 2.51600 50 48 100% 100% 38% 38% 3.5 2.51680 60 50 100% 100% 38% 38% 2.5 2.51660 50 50 100% 100% 39% 39% 2.5 2.51680 50 50 100% 100% 40% 40% 3.5 2.51590 50 48 100% 100% 39% 39% 3.5 2.51700 70 51 100% 100% 40% 40% 3.5 2.5

Renewables Category Plant specification

2010 to 2035Biomass Large-scale unit 5%

Medium-scale CHP 5%Small-scale CHP 5%Biogas 5%Waste incineration 5%Cofiring 5%

Geothermal Geothermal Elec Only 5%Geothermal CHP 5%

Hydropower Large-scale unit 1%Small-scale unit 1%

Photovoltaic Large-scale 17%Buildings 17%

Concentrating Solar Power 10%Marine 14%Wind energy Onshore 5%

Offshore 9%

Technological learningassumed future learning rates

Documents

Weo 2011 Pg Assumptions 450 Scenario(1) Calcul Cost Tehnologie Si o&m