Welcome to the site that will help you prepare for the“Name the Tissue and its Function” game.

Questions to remember while you are practicing:a. What is the tissue type?b. What is its function?c. How does its structure relate to its function?

Bonus points will be given to those who can guess the tissue type and the location without using any clues- so use these images and the information in your textbook to study!!

The four basic tissue types and their particular functions:

Muscle: used for contraction, to cause movement

Epithelial: used for interior or exterior linings of organs

Nerve: used to pick up and transmit impulses

Connective: used for support, storage or transport

Practice Quiz: Go here to see if you’ve mastered the information!

Muscle tissue: has the ability to contract. It is used formovement, or support.

There are two classes of muscle, based on their appearance:a. Striated muscle- appears to be striped, or striated.

There are two types within this group:Skeletal: multinucleate, under voluntary control

used to move bonesCardiac: involuntary control, branched,

multinucleate, found in the heart, used topump blood.

b. Smooth, lacks the striations, tends to be tapered or spindle-shaped. This type of cell is used for involuntary muscle contractions and can be found in the digestive, circulatory, respiratory systems

Muscle cells have the ability to contract, or get shorter and relaxor go back to their resting length.

They do this by having fibers that can slide past each other to shorten their length.

To go back to their original position to relax the muscle, the fibers slide back.

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Actual images of human muscle cells:

Skeletal Muscle: very straight,long, even rows of cells, more than one nucleus, regular striping (striations)

Cardiac Muscle, branched cells, more than one nucleus,striations are not as easy to see as on skeletal.

Smooth Muscle: spindle-shaped cells, no striations. Used to control the dilation or constriction of

tubes in the respiratory, circulatory, reproductive and digestive systems.

***Be careful not to confusesquamous epithelial withsmooth muscle tissues. ****

Squamous epithelial has irregular cell shape, and when in a tissue isusually in very thin layers

Epithelial: Structure and function

Epithelial cells function to line and/or protect parts of the body.They can be in one layer- called simple, or multiple or modified layers termed stratified

Squamous: when in one layer they allow some material to leak past-they are found lining areas that need to be thin and ‘leaky’ like the walls of capillaries.

In multiple layers they are found in places that need protection from abrasion. The top layer can be rubbed away without damaging the lower layers.

Cuboidal: cells specialized for lining tubes used for secretion found in many glands and the linings of the kidney tubules. They can be in one layer to line small areas, and can be tightly joined to keep material in or out.

Columnar: Columnar epithelial is found lining areas where secretion or active absorption is an important function. This type of tissue can be found in the linings of the lungs and digestive track. They can be tightly joined to only allow selective materials topass through the structures they line.

They can also have modifications like cilia to help move materials in the structures they line.

These are pictures from actual human tissue samples, Magnification 400x

Images of the three examples of simple epithelia:

Columnar:found lining the respiratory track

Cuboidal: found lining ducts in a salivary gland

Squamous: found lining the capillaries

Columnar epithelial:Columnar epithelial is found where secretion or active

absorption is an important function, so it is found in the linings of the lungs and digestive track.

Note the rectangular shape of these cells, match the illustration to the correct cells in the tissue.

Cuboidal epithelial cells specialized for secretion are found in many glands and the linings in the kidney tubules.

Note the row of cellswith the cube-like shape, match the sketch with the rowof cells in the tissue.

Simple squamous cells line areas that need to be thin and ‘leaky’, this is where exchange of materials needs to occur-in the linings of blood vessels and air sacs in the lungs.

Stratified squamous occurs in the skin, and the lining of thestomach where layers are continuously shed.

Connective tissue:This is a diverse group of tissues whose

functions vary from binding together, support, andprotect the other types of tissues found in your body.

Some of these tissues store or transport materials necessary for your body to function

Each one of these tissues are composed of living cells and a non-living matrix that helps it perform its job.

Loose BloodBone Adipose (fat)Cartilage, tendons

Bone: used for support and storage of mineralsLiving cells

Non -living matrix

Living cells

Living cells

Non -living matrix

Non -living matrixNon -living matrix (plasma)

Cartilage, tendons and ligaments: used for support and protection

Adipose (fat): used for energy storage, protection and insulation

Blood: used for transport and protection

Living cells

Actual slides of humanconnective tissues:

Living cells

Non -living matrix- where fat is stored

Bone: notice dense matrix which gives strength and stores minerals

Adipose (fat): notice large open areas where fat can be stored

Non -living matrix

Living cells

Non -living matrix: dense to give supportor help protect

Living cells

Cartilage, tendons and ligaments: used for support and protection

Dense connective: helps reduce frictionat joints, strong to help protect the ends of bones

Living cells

Non -living matrixLoose connective tissue: used for support and holding tissuestogether while keeping some flexibility,attaches skin to muscle.

Blood: used for transport of nutrients and wastes to and from body organs as well as protection from infecting pathogens

Non -living matrix (plasma) isfluid to help transport material

Living cells:Red blood cells:

Carry respiratory gasses-oxygen and carbon dioxide

White blood cells: fight infection

Nervous tissue: transmits messages by carrying electrical impulses over neurons or nerve cells

Dendrites: branched to pick-up impulses

Axon: long thin, carries impulse over distances

Synaptic ends: transmits impulse to next cell in line.

Cell body: containsnucleus

Nerve cells are made up of:

The next part of this site is to test your knowledge by naming the tissue in the picture and explaining how its structure helps its function.

Next to the image of the tissue sample are the two questions youwill need to answer in the “Cells and Tissue” game.

The first one is the name of the tissue:

Tissue Name:

The second one is “How does the structure help with the function

of the tissue type?”.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Connective

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is blood, it has a non-living matrix of plasma that helps transport materials through the body. The living cells can carry respiratory gasses, or trap foreign materials

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Columnar epithelial

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

The rectangular cells help line structures. They can be tightlybound to each other to help control the movement of materialsinto the structures they line.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Muscle

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

These cells have fibers that allow them to contract or get shorter.They are used to move materials and body parts.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Epithelial

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

These cells line surfaces. This is stratified squamous- it forms in layers to protect surfaces that are exposed to abrasion. This way the top layers can be worn away without harming the layersbeneath.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Connective Tissue

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This tissue is made up a non-living matrix that has large storage space to hold fat produced by the body. The living cells are dispersedthroughout the matrix.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Muscle

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is smooth muscle tissue, these cells have fibers that allow thecell to contract, or get shorter, and relax back to their original size. In this way they help move materials in the body.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Nervous

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

These cells help carry messages throughout the body. They have branching ends that help pick up and send out impulses (or messages)as well as long strands that carry the impulse over distances through the body.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Connective

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is bone tissue which needs to be strong so it can protect and support different parts of the body. Its non-living matrix contains minerals that help give it strength. The living cells are imbedded in this matrix.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Epithelial

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is cuboidal epithelial. It lines ducts, or tubes, in the body.The cells in this tissue are tightly bound together to help keepmaterials moving along the surface.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Muscle

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is cardiac muscle. These fibers need to move blood through the heart. These cells have fibers that can contract, or get shorter, as well as slide back to their original position. This helps pump the blood.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Connective

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This dense connective tissue is tough to protect the ends of bonesand reduce friction. It has a tough, semi flexible, non-living matrixthat helps to do this. The living cells are with in this matrix.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Connective

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This loose connective tissue that helps hold your skin onto yourbody. It has a tough, semi flexible, non-living matrix that helps to do this. The living cells are with in this matrix.

Tissue Name:

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

Epithelial

“How does the structure help with the function of the tissue type?”.

This is columnar epithelial and its function is to line surfacesover which materials move. The cells are joined tightly togetherto control what can move past them. Some contain cilia to helpmove materials along the surface.