Welcome to the2013 NASA SST Science Team

Meeting

Andy Jessup, University of WashingtonSyd Fredrickson, UW Conference Management

Seattle, Washington29-31 October 2013

Schedule• Tuesday– Diurnal Warming & Salinity Science Team guests– Data Merging/Gridding– Breakouts on above– Poster Reception

• Wednesday– Breakout reports– Cal/Val– Radiative Transfer/Algorithms– Breakouts on above– Banquet

• Thursday– Breakout reports– Discussions: Priorities, Funding recommendations, etc

Meeting Rooms

Breakout 2Oral

Breakout 1Lunch

Posters

Restrooms:

Meals• Lunch provided both days• Hors d’oeuvres at Poster session - Tuesday• Banquet - Wednesday, no host– 3 courses, 2 choices of fish, beef/chicken, vegetarian– Still time to attend if not in this list:

1. Castro2. Chelton3. Clayson4. Corlett5. Cornillon6. Cummings7. Gentemann8. Harris9. Holt10. Jessup

11. Kaplan12. Kelly13. Lindstrom14. Maturi15. Minnett16. Soloviev17. Vazquez18. Wick19. Yu20. Zappa

Program Booklet

• Agenda• Abstracts• Background Material for Breakouts– Error budget framework– SST definitions– Condensed list of white paper recommendations

• List of Participants

Talks

• Please use microphone• Load talk on meeting laptop PC if possible• If using own laptop, please provide copy• 20 minutes total– 14 min beep– 17 min beep– 19 min I stand up, no time for questions

SST Error Budget White PaperReview and Update

Andy Jessup

Outline

• History• SST Science Team: Duties and Focus Areas• SST Error Budget: White Paper Content– SST Specifications– Error Budget Framework– Recommendations: brief overview

• 2011 Meeting breakout results and priorities• 2013 Meeting objectives

History

• 2009: Interim SST Science Team – U. Rhode Island– SST Error Budget: White Paper (June, 2010)

• 2009 ROSES: SST Science Team announced• 2010: 1st SST Science Team Meeting – Seattle– Top White Paper recommendations by focus area

• 2011: 2nd SST Science Team Meeting – Miami– Prioritizing White Paper Recommendations

• 2012: No meeting• 2013: Welcome!

Team Responsibilities from ROSES: Quality and Integrity of NASA SST

• Algorithm: development, refinement, maintenance• Calibration and Validation• Data processing, production, and distribution• Scientific use of measurements and data products– Understand SST uncertainty budget– General circulation

Interim SST ST Focus Area Reports1. Physics of SST measurements 2. Radiative transfer &retrieval algorithm 3. Calibration/ validation: pre-launch & on-orbit4. Data merging and gridding5. Climate Data Record6. Applications of SST

SST Error Budget: White PaperCompiled by Cornillon based on Interim SST ST reports

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

SST RequirementsApplication Source

Spatial Resolution

(km)

Temporal Resolution

(hrs)Geolocation

Accuracy (km)Absolute Accuracy

(K)Relative Accuracy

Climate Data Record (CDR) Ohring et al. (2005)White Paper 0.1 0.04K / decade

0.05K / decade

Climate Models White Paper 25 24 5 0.2 0.5K / decade

Air-sea Fluxes White Paper 10 24 2 0.1

NWP Eyre et al., 2009 5 3 0.3

Lakes White Paper 1 3 1 0.3 0.2K

Mesoscale White Paper 1 1 week 0.1

Global (Operational) NPOESS IORD-IIWhite Paper

10.25 3 0.1 0.1 0.05K

Regional (Operational)Coastal/Lakes (Operational)

NPOESS IORD-IIWhite Paper

0.250.1 6 0.1 0.1

Fronts White Paper 0.1 0.25 0.1 1.0 0.1K

Submesoscale White Paper 0.1 24 0.1 0.1K

Strictest 0.1 0.25 0.1 0.1 0.04K / decade

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

Framework for SST Error Budget

PhysicalFactors

Atmosphere& Emissivity

Spatial/TemporalVariability

FocusAreas

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational, lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

Recommendations: Specific Tasks - 4 Categories

1. Facilities / methodologies– Pre-launch facility for sensor performance– Instrument characterization: pre- and post launch

2. In situ observations– Ship-based IR radiometers - increase– Drifting buoys – improved accuracy– Argo drifters – profile to surface– High latitude measurements

Recommendations: Specific Tasks – 4 categories (cont’d)

3. Reference data sets needed to– Evaluate data products– Tune regression algorithms

4. Uncertainty characterization / quantification– General recommendations– Areas where errors should be improved

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational / lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

Recommendations:Research Tasks – 5 categories

1. Improved retrievals (most recommendations)– Regression– Physical (Radiative Transfer)– Hybrid– Special purpose (e.g., lakes, high latitude, coastal)

2. Data/pixel classification (large errors here)– Clouds– Aerosols– Sea ice– Sun glint

Recommendations:Research Tasks – 5 categories (cont’d)

3. Instrument development– Cheap but accurate ship-based radiometers– High-resolution microwave sensors

4. Improve merging/gridding & objective analysis– Estimates of error and variability– Advanced OA algorithms/implementation– Bias-correction algorithms– Techniques to handle non-stationarity– Systematic validation/evaluation of gridded data

5. Uncertainties – methods for characterization

White Paper Content

• Requirements placed on satellite-derived SST• Framework for characterizing error budget• Recommendations – 70 total– General/Administrative: informational / lessons– Specific Tasks: no research required, immediate– Research Tasks– Communication

Recommendations:Communication

Improve communication: developer & users– Developers to users• How products are produced• Limitations/caveats• How to choose

– Users to developers• Requirements/needs• Findings that are relevant to error budget/uncertainty

Summary: White Paper Recommendations

• Improve– Retrievals (most recommendations)– Data/pixel classification (large errors here)– Merging/gridding & Objective Analysis

• Pre/post-launch sensor characterization• In situ observations - more, better accuracy• Reference data sets needed• Characterize/Quantify uncertainty• Communication – assist users

2011 Breakout Emphasis• Physics– Diurnal variability– Spatial/temporal variability– Joint SST/SSS Team mtg

• RT & retrieval algorithms– Demonstrate RT– Examine RT & regional bias– Error characterization

• Calibration/Validation– VIIRS: on-orbit, end-to-end– Sensors & deployments– IR/MET on ships for CDR

• Merging/Gridding– Inter-sensor bias correction– Compare different interpol.– Quantify sampling errors

• Communication – assist users– Assist users choosing product– Quality and methods

2011 Meeting Priorities

• Form splinter groups– Upper ocean physics– Sampling and SST analysis

• BAMS paper for users• Global 1 km MODIS data set• Evaluate SST error budget w/ AVHRR Pfinder 4 km• Connect with other Science Team (Salinity)

BAMS Article(Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society)

2013 Meeting Objectives

• Explore connections with SSS Science Team• Update on 2011 emphasis / priorities• Revisit research priorities for error budget• Identify gaps, new, and/or promising areas• Relationships with other teams: Winds, Topo• Future funding recommendations• Future SST Science Team mtgs (format,

emphasis, location, etc.)

2013 Abstract Submissions

Total: 37 • Applications: 10• CDR: 3• Physics: 8• Salinity: 5• RT/Algorithms: 4• Merging & Gridding: 4• Calibration: 3

Tuesday8:30 Andy Jessup Welcome Yellowstone

8:35 Eric Lindstrom NASA SS T Science Team Update

9:00 Andy Jessup SST White Paper - Update/Future

9:30 Gary Wick The Physics of SST & Real Time Diurnal Warming Corrections for Operational SST Analyses

10:00 Carol Clayson Diurnal SST variability and the upper ocean mixed layer structure

10:20 Break

10:40 Alexander Soloviev A rapid increase of SST when the air is warmer than the water and low wind speed conditions persist

11:00 Gary Lagerloef Aquarius Salinity Data Quality and Science Status; Two Years into the Mission

11:20 Stephen Riser Understanding Ocean Salinity

11:40 William Asher Near surface salinity and temperature gradients: Formation dynamics and spatial scales.

Noon Lunch Glacier

13:30 Lisan Yu Why are there sharp SST/SSS fronts at higher latitudes?

13:50 Alexey Kaplan Data Merging and Gridding/CDR and Differences Between Global SST Averages in Gridded Data Sets

14:20 Dudley Chelton A Comparison of OSTIA and NCDC Daily OI SST Analyses

14:40 T. Mike Chin From bin-average to cubic B-spline: "Gridless" interpolation and subgrid correlation

15:00 Break

15:20 Peter Minnett Assessment of Sampling Error in MODIS Sea-Surface Temperatures Caused by Clouds

15:40 Prabhat Koner A new pixel level cloud and error masks algorithm to increase the data coverage for SST application

16:00 Dimitris Menamenlis A highly instrumented global ocean and sea ice model for the simulation of satellite observations

16:20 Breakouts The Physics of SST (Wick, Zappa) & Data Merging and Gridding/CDR (Kaplan, Cornillon)

17:20 Poster Reception

POSTERSJessica Anderson Near-Surface Variability of Temperature and Salinity: Observations from Profiling Floats

Ruth Branch Infrared Measurements of the Emissivity of Seawater and Foam

Adam Chambers Surface Feedbacks Controlling Air-Skin Temperature Differences

Katherine Kilpatrick A Decade of Sea Surface Temperature cal/val from MODIS current state of the art and lessons learned

Yang Liu Evidence Linking SSTs to Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning CirculationPeter Minnett Two Generations of Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI)Elizabeth Wong Retrieving Temperature Profiles through the Ocean Thermal Skin LayerXiaofang Zhu Diurnal Warming in Shallow Coastal Seas: Examples from the Great Barrier Reef

WednesdayWednesday, October 30

8:30 BREAKOUT REPORTS Yellowstone The Physical Basis of SST Measurements, Chairs: G. Wick and C. Zappa Data Merging and Gridding/The Climate Data, Chairs: A. Kaplan and P. Cornillon

9:00 Gary Corlett Cal/Val & Generating SST CDRs: An approach using ship-board radiometry 9:30 Peter Minnett SST from Suomi-NPP VIIRS: Algorithm Development and Uncertainty Estimation 9:50 Chris Zappa Sea Surface Temperature Variability in Polar and Tropical Environments

10:10 Break 10:30 Chris Chickadel Heat fluxes of Cooling Residual Sea Foam 10:50 Michael Reynolds The MAGIC Cruises: 190 Days of Air-Sea Energy Fluxes 11:10 Andy Harris Rad. Transfer/Retrieval Algorithm Development & A new SST retrieval methodology for MODIS 11:40 James Cummings Satellite SST Radiance Assimilation and SST Data Impacts 12:00 Lunch Glacier 13:30 Frank Wentz Future Missions & Improving/Extending Microwave SST Record for AMSR-E, WindSat, & AMSR-2 14:00 Kathryn Kelly Oceanic Control of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in the Atlantic 14:20 Eileen Maturi Applications of NOAA/NESDIS Geostationary and Blended SST measurements 14:40 Peter Cornillon Thirty-Year trends in SST Front Probability

15:00 Break15:20 Jorge Vazquez A Rotated EOF analysis of SST gradients off the Peruvian Coast: Preliminary Results

15:40 Peter Cornillon High Gradient SST Events in the Subtropics and Their Relation to Quasi-Zonal Bands

16:00 Breakouts Calibration/Validation (Corlett, Minnett) & Radiative Transfer/Ret. Algorithms (Harris, Cummings)

17:00 Adjourn

18:30 Banquet at Blueacre Seafood

Thursday

Thursday, October 31 9:00 BREAKOUT REPORTS Yellowstone

9:00 Calibration/Validation, Chairs: G. Corlett and P. Minnett

9:15 Radiative Transfer/Retrieval Algorithm Development, Chairs: A. Harris and J. Cummings

9:30 Group Discussion: Priorities for SST Science Team

10:30 Break

11:00 Future Research/Funding Recommendations

11:30 Final Business: Structure/Goals of Future SST Science Team Meetings

12:00 Adjourn