Upload
marsha-simmons
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Welcome to Pharmacology MA 235
Instructor: Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Overview of the course
Ancient Origins• Pharmacy comes from the Greek word,
• meaning drug• Scientific approach to medicine began with the
ancient Greeks• Hippocrate Oath
• Proposed that disease came from natural, not supernatural causes
• Established the theory of humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile)
Ancient Medicine
Ancient Egyptian Medicine -was highly advanced for the time (mummification)
Ancient Chinese Medicine - Zhang Liang invented an instrument named "Meng" which is considered to be precursor of modern stethoscope.
Ancient India Medicine- Indian snake root (Jones)
Ancient Greek Medicine- Hemlock and the dealth of Socrates
Ancient OriginsGalen
• Conducted animal experiments• Produced a systematic classification of drugs for
treatment of disease• Galenical pharmacy described the process of
creating extracts of active medicinals from plants
• First century A.D.• De Materia Medica (standard text on drugs for 1500
years)
Ancient Origins
Dr. John Morgan• Eighteenth Century• Supported the separation of the professions of
pharmacy and medicine
Chapter 1
Consumer Safety and Drug Regulations
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8
Knowledge of Pharmacology
• Can have an impact on others
• Answer questions as they arise
• Patient may feel more comfortable
asking a pharmacist
• Dispel fallacies
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov. 9
Fallacies
• Only nurses can give medications
• Only physicians may write prescriptions
• Prescriptions are required only
for narcotics
• Drugs produced in the United States are made in federally approved laboratories
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10
Drug Laws
• 1906 - Pure Food and Drug Act
• 1938 - Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and Amendments
of 1951 and 1965
• 1970 Controlled Substances Act
Brief History of Statutory Pharmacy Law
• In nineteenth century drugs in the United States were unregulated– medicines did not require proof that they were
either safe or effective
• Traveling medicine shows proclaimed “miracle cures” – no regulations on labeling – no research to support claims
Need for Drug Control
• Before 1951, U.S. federal law made no distinction between drugs that can and cannot be purchased without a prescription from a physician.
• In some countries any drug can still be dispensed or sold without legal restriction.
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13
Controlled Substances
• Schedule I
• Schedule II
• Schedule III
• Schedule IV
• Schedule V
• May vary between states– Know state laws
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of
1970Schedu
leMedical Use Examples
I For research only Heroin, LSD
II Dispensing severely restricted
Morphine, oxycodone
III Prescriptions can be refilled up to 5 times in 6 months
Codeine with aspirin, anabolic steroids
IV Same as for Schedule III Benzodiazepines, meprobamate
V Some sold w/o a prescription; must be 18
Liquid codeine combination preps.
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Inspects food, drug, and cosmetic manufacturing facilities
• Reviews drug applications and food additive petitions
• Investigates and prohibits unsafe drugs
• Assures proper labeling
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
• For controlled substances only
• Enforces laws against illegal drug manufacturing and activities
• Identifies need for changing the schedules of abused drugs
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
• The FDA does not regulate diet supplements– because diet supplements
are sold with nonprescription products, many consumers are unaware of this subtle difference in regulation
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18
Health Care Worker Role
• Keep accurate records
• Maintain adequate supply of drugs
• Phone in prescriptions
• Secure prescription forms for providers
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19
Health Care Worker Role
• Keep a current drug reference book
• Keep controlled substances locked – Usually double-locked
• Conceal prescription pads to prevent theft
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20
Guidelines
• Keep records of each controlled substance dispensed, received, or destroyed
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21
Guidelines
• Keep current with FDA and DEA regulations
• Establish working rapport with a pharmacist
• Maintain professional rapport with pharmaceutical representatives