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INDIAN GST MECHANISM WELCOME RAKESH RAKESH GARG GARG , FCA , FCA (AUTHOR & CONSULTANT) (AUTHOR & CONSULTANT)

WELCOME [] · on account of implementation of the GST for a period up to five ... State VAT and Purchase Tax ... Stamp Duty on immovable property–Entry 63/II

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Page 1: WELCOME [] · on account of implementation of the GST for a period up to five ... State VAT and Purchase Tax ... Stamp Duty on immovable property–Entry 63/II

INDIAN GST

MECHANISM

WELCOME

RAKESHRAKESH GARGGARG, FCA, FCA

(AUTHOR & CONSULTANT)(AUTHOR & CONSULTANT)

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Present Indirect Tax Structure

vis-à-vis

GST (In General)

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Present Indirect Tax Structure

INDIA

CENTRE STATES

Taxes on Goods

Taxes on Services

Taxes on Goods

Taxes on Services

Excise DutyCustoms, CVD

SAD, CSTService Tax State VAT

Stamp Duty

ElectricityLuxury Tax

Entertainment

Set-Off of ED, CVD & ST

No Cross Set-Off whatsoever

NNOO

S S E E TT

OOF F FF

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What is GSTGST is multi‐point indirect tax 

GST  is  levied at every stage of the production‐distribution chain till retail  level with applicable set‐offs  in respect of tax remitted at previous stages. 

To put at a single place, GST  is a comprehensive multi‐point tax on goods & services taken together allowing seamless  input tax credit against the output tax liability.

Service means : “What is not Goods”. 

It is a consumption‐destination based tax. 

Interesting phenomenon – Tax to be collected by State of origin, but  to be earned by State of  consumption. What would be  the enthusiasm to collecting State ? Requires extensive automation

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Why do we need GST today 

In  today's  Indian economy, where service sector contributes over 55%, separate taxation of goods and services  is neither viable nor desirable.

Multiple  levies  – By  Centre  as  well  as  States  ‐ Both  the Governments are imposing taxes on goods as well as services

Variation of Tax Rate, even for same commodity, from State to State ‐ Need for harmonization and uniformity

Varying provisions of State VAT Laws – Interpretation issues

Cascading effect – No set off of cenvat credit against input tax credit; No set‐off of central sales tax

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Why do we need GST today 

Large number of compliances in every Statute

Complexity in fixation of situs of sale

Service Tax vs. VAT Confusion.

Software 

Intellectual Property Rights

Works Contract & AMC Contracts

Leasing of Goods

Goods vs. Services

Thus, to strike a good balance between fiscal autonomy of the Centre and States and transparency in taxation

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GST  is a destination‐based  tax. SGST on  the  final product will ordinarily accrue to the consuming State. 

GST  would  eliminate  the  concept  of  ‘declared  goods  of special importance’ under the Constitution. 

Insertion  of  new  Article  246A conferring  simultaneous power  to  the Union and  the State  legislatures  to  legislate on  GST.  Both  Centre  and  States will  simultaneously  levy GST across the value chain. 

Centre would levy and collect Central Goods & Services Tax (CGST), and States would  levy and collect the State Goods and Services Tax (SGST) on all transactions within a State

GST–122nd Constitutional Amendment

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Article 269A ‐ Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST)

Centre would  levy and collect  Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) on all inter‐State supply of Goods and Services. 

Import of goods & Services shall be considered as  inter‐State supply of goods and services – Would be subject to IGST

Parliament would  have  absolute  powers  to  legislate  law  in respect of IGST

Proceeds of IGST will be apportioned among the States on the basis of recommendations of GST Council

Seamless flow of input tax credit from one State to another. 

Distribution of CGST (Art.270): GST levied and collected by Govt. of  India  (other  than  IGST)  shall  also be  distributed  between Union and States in the manner provided in Art. 270 (2) .

GST–122nd Constitutional Amendment

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GST RATES

GST rates will generally be uniform‐ As recommended by GSTC

However,  to  give  some  fiscal  autonomy  to  the  Centre  and States,  there will  a provision of a narrow  tax band over  and above the floor rates of CGST and SGST.

Levy  a  non‐vatable Additional  Tax  of  not more  than  1%  oninter‐State  Supply of  goods for  a  period  up  to  2  years,  or further such period as recommended by the GST Council. 

This Additional Tax on supply of goods shall be assigned to the States from where such supplies originate. 

The Centre will compensate States for  loss of  revenue arising on  account of  implementation of  the GST  for  a period up  to five years (100%  for  first  three years, 75%  in  the  fourth year and 50% in the fifth year) 

GST–122nd Constitutional Amendment

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Art. 279A – Creation of a Goods & Services Tax Council (GSTC), which will be a  joint  forum of  the Centre & States within 60 days of commencement of the Constitutional Amendment

Proposed Article 366(12A) – GST means any tax on supply of goods or services except tax on supply of Alcoholic Liquor for Human Consumption

Proposed  Article  366(26A)  ‐ Service  means  :  “What  is  not Goods”. 

Existing Article 366(12)  ‐ Goods means  :  “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles

Intangible  goods  – Whether  would  be  treated  as  “goods” or “services” ??????

Works Contracts might be considered as services??????

GST–122nd Constitutional Amendment

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Central Taxes to be Subsumed in GST

CENTRAL TAXES/DUTIES –YES:

Excise Duty, Additional Excise Duty and Excise Duty under Medicinal & Toilet Preparation – Entry 84/IAdditional Customs Duty (CVD) and Special Additional Duty of Customs (SAD) – Entry 83/IService Tax – Entry 97/I; Sale of newspapers & advertisements therein – Entry 92/ISurcharge & cess relatable to supply of goods & services

NO:Basic Customs Duty – Entry 83/ISpecific CessExcise Duty on Petroleum & Tobacco Products –Entry 84/I

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State Taxes to be Subsumed in GST

STATE TAXES/DUTIES –YES:

State  VAT  and  Purchase  Tax  (other  than  on  Petroleum Products & Alcohol) – Entry 54/IICentral Sales Tax (except Additional Tax upto 1%)–Entry 92A/IEntertainment Tax unless levied by Local Bodies –Entry 62/IILuxury Tax & Tax on Lottery, betting & gambling –Entry 62/IIOctroi and Entry Tax –Entry 52/IICess/Surcharge relating to supply of goods/services

NO:Entertainment Tax (local Bodies) –Entry 62/IIElectricity Duty and Cess –Entry 53/IIStamp Duty on immovable property–Entry 63/IIAlcoholic liquor for Human Consumption –Entry 51/II

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Taxes/Duties Outside GST

Alcoholic Liquor for human con.

Out  of  GST;  State  Excise  Duty/VAT/CST continue  to be  levied. Would  require another COI  amendment  whenever  brought  within ambit.

Petroleum products

To  be  brought  within  the  GST  ambit  from  a later  date.  Union  Excise  Duty/VAT  will continue  to  be  levied.  However,  it  is  stated that it would also be subject to GST but at zero rate. 

Tobacco & its products

Would be  subject  to GST. Also, Centre would continue to levy Union Excise Duty.

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Mechanism of

Indian GST

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Structure of GST in India

A  Dual  GST  structure  with  defined  functions  and responsibilities of the Centre as well as the States.

The GST in India shall have three components: 

One levied by Centre (hereinafter referred to as CGST) 

Other levied by States (hereinafter referred to as SGST)

IGST  on  inter‐State  supply  of  goods  and  services including import of goods/services in India

Multiple Statutes (one for CGST and SGST Statute for every State). 

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Structure of GST 

However,  basic  features  of  law,  e.g.,  chargeability, definition of taxable event and taxable person, measure of levy  including  valuation  provisions,  basis  of  classification, etc. would be uniform. 

CGST & SGST  to be applicable  to all  transactions of goods and services made for a consideration except ‐

Exempted Goods and Services – To be decided by GSTC

Goods  outside  the  purview  of  GST,  i.e.  Petroleum  & Liquor 

Transactions below prescribed  threshold  limits – To be decided by GSTC

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CGST and SGST will be treated separately. 

Input CGST could be utilized only against output CGST. 

The same principle will be applicable for SGST. 

Cross utilization of  ITC between CGST and SGST will not be allowed except ‐

in  inter‐State  supply  of  goods  and  services  under  the IGST model . 

It shall replace multiple taxes with a single tax operating at various  levels of supply chain, thus, avoiding the cascading effect of multiple taxes. 

Structure of GST

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To be decided by the GST Council

It is envisaged that the framework of dual GST would embody 

multiple  rate  of  taxes  for  goods  (may  be  Four:  Exempted, 

Lower, Standard, Bullion), but a single rate for services. 

Indications are that rate could be in the range of 16% to 24%; 

More the Exemptions – Higher would be RNR;

“Common  Parlance  Theory” and  Interpretational  Issues, will 

put to rest in GST with the adoption of HSN

All sales would be taxable – No exemption to incidental sale

Indian GST – Rate Structure

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Indian GST – Rate Structure

PRESENT TaxGOODS / SERVICESED/ST VAT

Precious metals and Jewelry 0 to 12 1% ?

Standard Rate on Goods 12% 12.5% 16% to 20%

Works Contract Nil 12 / 12.5 16 – 24

Intangible Goods/Services Nil 12 + 5 16 – 24

Taxable Services – Pure Nil 12 16 – 24

Lower Rate – Specified Goods 0 to 10 5% 8% to 10%

GST

Essential – Specified Goods Generally Exempt Nil  to 8 – 10

Higher Rate, e.g., liquor, petroleum Products

No Change, since out of GST; But inputs might be costlier

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Tax/Duties– Manner of Calculation

PRESENT STRUCTUREExcise Duty (Manufacturer’s Point):

Tariff Value – Rarely used

MRP less abatement (144 goods; gen. 30‐40%)

Transaction value/Consideration 

VAT (upto Retail Level)

Transaction value

Service Tax

Transaction value

GST (upto retail level)Transaction value

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How GST would work within State

Tax Paid on Purchases

Input CGST (Say Rs.100)

Input SGST (Say Rs.100)

Tax Charged on Sales

Output CGST (Say Rs.120)

Output SGST (Say Rs.120)

Tax Payable to Govt.

O – I (Rs.20)To Centre

O – I (Rs.20)To State

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Inter‐State Transactions

IGST Model:

Tax  Payment  by  exporting  dealer  to  the  account  of Centre as IGST after adjusting input SGST & CGST.

Credit  allowed  to  the  buying  dealer  of  IGST  against output IGST,CGST or SGST.

Settlement  of  IGST  Account  between  receiving  and exporting states by clearing agency.

IGST administration with Central Govt., which might be assigned to National Agency.

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IGST Model Between States

Tax Paid on Purchases

Input CGST (say 100)

Input SGST (say 100)

Tax Charged on Central Sales

Output IGST = CGST + SGST

Tax Payable to Central Govt.

O – Input IGST – CGST – SGST

(Say) 220 = 110 + 110

220 – 0 –100 – 100 = 20

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Tax Paid on Central

Purchases

Output CGST [Say Rs. 120]

Output SGST [Say Rs.120]

Tax Charged on Local Sales

Input IGST [Rs. 220]

Tax Payable to Govt.

Output CGST – IGST (O-I)= 0 [120 – 120]

Output SGST – IGST [O-I]= 20 [120-100]

IGST Model Between States

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Inter‐State Transactions

Pre‐Requisites of successful IGST Model

Comprehensive place of provision rules to determine when supply of goods & services takes place in the course of inter‐State trade and commerce,

Extensive Computerization and strong IT infrastructure,

E‐filing of periodical returns,

E‐payment of tax,

Common tax period,

National portal for access of information, and

National Agency. 

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Incidence (Charge) of Taxation

Might be based upon:

Issue of invoice

(OR)

Issue of invoice or receipt of payment w.e.i. earlier

Time and Place when/where Supply take place

Similar to Place of Provision Rules.

These  would  determine  the  place  in  which  State  supply takes  place  and  where  it  is  consumed  so  that  the appropriate State could get its share

Incidence & Situs of Supply

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Separate Accounting

IGST CGST SGST

RULES:

Local Dealers No cross set‐off of CGST & SGST

Export to other States

Output  IGST will set‐off (a)  Input  IGST; (b) Input CGST; and  then  (c)  Input SGST after adjusting output SGST

Separate accounting for IGST, CGST & SGST

Purchase from other States

Input  IGST  will  be  set‐off  against  (a) Output IGST; (b) Output CGST; and then (c) Output SGST

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Name, Address & TIN of the Seller and the Purchaser,

Value of goods and services separately,

Quantitative details of goods sold,

Amount of IGST, CGST and SGST to be shown separately,

Serialized number of  tax  invoices and control over cancelled invoice.

For  the  success  of  GST,  it  is  necessary  that  input  tax  credit should  be  allowed  on  basis  of  his  e‐credit  (e.g.,  26AS  in Income Tax Act) instead of on the basis of tax invoice 

Create  a  nationwide  clearing  house  mechanism  to  facilitate transfer of Central & State GST and allow credit for tax paid.

Tax Credit  ‐ Tax Invoice/e‐Credit

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Likely Threshold Limits

To be decided by GST Council

CGST SGST

Goods 1.5 Cr. From 10 To 20 lacs

Services From 10 To 20 lacs From 10 To 20 lacs

To  have  different  threshold  limits  is  akin  to  the  present structure and is against ideal GST

Different Threshold Limits will create confusion and disturb theinput tax mechanism. It may be noted that cross credit of CGST & SGST is not allowed.

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Likely Composition Scheme

There might be a compounding cut‐off at Rs. 50  lakh of gross annual turnover and a floor rate of 0.5% across the States. 

Scheme would  also  allow  option  for  registration  for  dealers with turnover below cut‐off.

Scheme would  based  upon  evidences  that  all  purchases  are made from registered dealers.

Scheme would be applicable only  to  small  traders and  small scale industry.

Therefore, might  not  applicable  to  service  providers, works contract, etc.

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Registration – Likely Provisions

Multiple  Registration  ‐ Separate  registration  under  (1)  the CGST and (2) every such State where the person has his place of business

Impact  of  Service  Providers  – Facility  of  centralized registration might go; and they might have to take registration in every such State where they have place of business ??????

Maintain  separate  books  of  accounts  at  the  place  of registration – centralized registration ??????

Input tax distribution scheme ??????

Location wise Financial Accounts ??????

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Payment of Tax and Administration

Taxpayer  would  submit  periodical  returns,  in  common format  to  both:  the  CGST  authority  and  to  the  concerned SGST authorities ‐ Electronically .

CGST and SGST will be paid to the accounts of the Centre and the States separately. 

Administration of the CGST and IGST to the Centre and of the SGST to the States would be given. 

HSN would  form  basis  of  product  classification  for  Central GST and State GST. 

Uniform Procedures for collection of Central and State GST.

13/15 digit PAN based Common TIN registration.

TINXSYS to track transactions.

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AImpact on Industry –Determinant Factors

Existing Rate of VAT & Excise Duty, AND Tax Rates under GST

Cenvat /  Input credit presently available AND Availability of Input GST credit 

Non‐creditable list in the GST

Impact on input suppliers and output procurers of the entity

Taxes/activities  to  be  kept  outside  the  scope  of  GST  like stamp duty, alcohol, petroleum.

Capacity of the supplier to pass on the additional GST burden to its customers.

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Transitional Issues for IndustryTo understand the concept

Evaluate the impact on concerned industry, its input suppliers and output procurers

Tax Credit of stock on the date of transition

Tax credit on the cenvat on service tax paid

Contracts already entered and partly executed

Existing Tax Holidays and Tax Incentive Schemes

Registration  – Consolidation  or  New  Registration  in  the respective State

Pending Assessments and Refunds

Adequate Training to Staff

Updating the Accounting Software

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THANK YOU

RAKESHRAKESH GARGGARG, FCA, FCA(Author of Central Sales Tax, Delhi VAT, Service Tax & GST )(Author of Central Sales Tax, Delhi VAT, Service Tax & GST )

S S A R & ASSOCIATES, N. DELHIS S A R & ASSOCIATES, N. DELHIPh: (011) 65960912Ph: (011) 65960912--13, 981021627013, 9810216270