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Welcome and Overview of
VTTI Center for Sustainable
Transportation Infrastructure
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Charles E. Via Jr. Department of Civil Engineering
Gerardo W. Flintsch Director, Center for Sustainable transportation Infrastructure
Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Outline
1. Introduction to
CSTI
2. Examples of Past,
Current &
“Developing” Projects
3. Sustainable
Pavements
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
VTTI’s Mission
Conduct transportation research with the goal of:
Saving Lives
Saving Time
Saving Money
Second largest transportation institute in the U.S.
Federal 68%
Private 15%
State7%
Federal Flow Through
10%
VTTI
Established in August 1988 by US DOT as a
University Transportation Center
Largest university-level research center at Virginia
Tech
More than 300 faculty,
staff and students
Working on over 150 projects
$80 Million Awarded
$22 Million in Annual Expenditures
Largest supporter of both
undergraduate and graduate students
Center for Sustainable
Transportation Infrastructure
VTTI Research Areas
Human Factors and Safety
(naturalistic studies)
Transportation Technology
Sustainable Transportation
Infrastructure (CSTI)
Traffic and Mobility
Injury Biomechanics
Transportation Policy
Product Development
CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Partnership between the Virginia Tech
Transportation Institute (VTTI) and the Via
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering (CEE) Transportation
Infrastructure and Systems Engineering
(TISE) Program
Looking for solution to the
Infrastructure Challenges
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
CSTI Vision
A worldwide leader in transportation
infrastructure research and education
Conduct high-impact research for accelerating the
renewal, increasing safety, reducing life-cycle
costs, and ensuring sustainability of
transportation infrastructure systems
Be a paradigm of collaboration among
governments, academia, and industries
Provide excellent environment, resources, and
instruction for students to learn fundamental
concepts, acquire advanced knowledge, and gain
practical experience
Laboratories
The Virginia Smart Road
SuperPave binder test equipment
HMA characterization / performance
Dynamic modulus, resilient modulus, creep
compliance, fatigue, low temperature and
rutting evaluation
Mobile Load Simulator (MLS)
Non-destructive Testing & Sensing
Technologies
Center for Sustainable
Transportation Infrastructure
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Main Research Objectives
Design and construct pavements with minimum
life cycle cost
Build safe, smooth-riding, silent, and durable
pavements
Provide more accurate assessment of the
infrastructure structural health
Improve investment decisions by providing
better asset data & decision-support tools
Make our transportation infrastructure materials,
systems and programs more sustainable
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
VIRGINIA SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENTS
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
Collaboration to advance the state of
pavement engineering in the commonwealth,
the United States, and the World
Focus on strategically selected high-
impact research projects on pavement
materials, performance, design,
maintenance and management
Excellent partnership to pursue national
and international funding opportunities
VA-SPRC – Benefits
Allowed for competing for large-scale
national projects
High ROI / benefit-cost ratio
→ Seed investment of ~$600K (plus several
VDOT-sponsored projects)
→ Attracted > $4.2 M since FY07 in external
research funding
→ While producing cost-saving, practical,
implementable outcomes for VDOT
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Smart Road Pavement Research
ME Pavement Design
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Asphalt Materials Characterization in Support
of Implementation of the MEPDG
Full hot-mix asphalt (HMA) characterization
to support the implementation of
mechanistic-empirical pavement design
procedures in Virginia.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 1.E+07
Reduced frequency (Hz)
|E*
| (M
Pa)
Measured
Fit
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Displacement (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0°C
5°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
1.E-12
1.E-11
1.E-10
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
Reduced time (s)
Cre
ep c
om
pli
ance
(P
a-1)
Longer lasting pavements?
Application of Digital Images to measure
HMA Uniformity
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure, VTTI
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
PAVEMENT SURFACE PROPERTIES
CONSORTIUM A Research Program at the Virginia Smart Road
$1,5M program focused on enhancing the level of service provided by the roadway transportation system through optimized pavement surface texture characteristics
Pavement Surface Properties
Consortium – Current Projects
Organize annual equipment
“rodeos”
Seasonal monitoring
Evaluation of new technologies
Evaluation of high-friction systems
IFI (International Friction Index) Implementation
Continuous Friction Measurements
Technology Deployment
Development of new technologies
Example of Evaluation of New Technologies:
High-Friction Surfaces
Identification of Products and Sites
Construction and Installation Data
Collection
Constructability and maintainability
Field Evaluation
Friction (DFT & Griptester)
Macrotexture (CTMeter)
Cost / benefit analysis
Now approved as low-cost
safety counter-measure
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Splash–Spray Assessment Tool
Development Program
Occlusion Factor
Model Development
→ Validation
→ Threshold Criteria
→ Technology Transfer
FHWA DTFH61-08-R-00029
Development and Demonstration of
Pavement Friction Management Programs
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Objective:
Determine criteria and develop methods, for
establishing investigatory (desirable) level and
intervention (minimum) levels for friction and
macro-texture for different friction demand
categories or classes of highway facilities for at
least four states.
Assist at least four states in developing PFM
Programs.
Demonstrate state-of-the-art friction (and macro-
texture) measurement equipment.
DTFH61-09-R-00035
Field Support for VDOT Quiet
Pavement Implementation Program
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Control (A)
Conctrol (C)
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
PFC 12.5 AR-PFC 9.5 NGCS PFC 9.5 SMA 9.5 CDG Trans. TinedPCCP
OB
SI
(dB
A)
7th Symposium on Pavement Surface
Characteristics SURF 2012
Smooth, Safe, Quiet, and Sustainable Travel
through Innovative Technologies
Norfolk, VA,
September, 19-21, 2012
http://www.vtti.vt.edu/
conferences/surf-2012.php
SHRP 2 R06 (F) Development of
Continuous Deflection Device
vh
vv
Slope
Slope = Vv/Vh
Slope = Vv/Vh
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Task 1: Literature Review
Task 2: Interviews State DOTs
Task 3: Obtain Sample Data /
Explore Field Evaluations
Task 4: Field Evaluation Plan
Task 5: Phase I Interim Report
Project panel review
Task 6: Field Evaluation
Task 7: Data Analysis
Task 8: Draft Final Report
Project panel review
Task 9: Final Report
TASK
2009 2010 2011
Phase II
Phase I
1 2
3
4
5
6, 7, 8
9, 10,11,14
12
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
RW
D D
efl
ecti
on
(m
ils)
Mile Marker
RWD Deflection (0.1 mile avegrage) Moving Average
Sectioning (based on last resurfacing)
RWD
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Def
lect
ion
Slo
pe
[mm
/m]
Chainage [m]
10m averages
100m averagesTSD
Development of a Network-Level Pavement
Structural Capacity Index
Developed tools to analyze pavement structural
capacity at the network level
1. Network-level “structural” pavement condition index
2. Framework to specify structural capacity thresholds
based on non-destructive evaluation and analysis.
3. Algorithm to scope pavement projects at the network
level
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Milepost
Mod
ified
Str
uctu
ral I
ndex
Interstate 81 Northbound
A B C D
E
FG
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
CC
I
Year After Treatment (CM in This Case)
VDOT Prediction Greater Than 1 Less Than 1
Average MSI 1.33 Average MSI 0.85
c = 1.253
c = 1.317
𝐶𝐶𝐼 𝑡 = 100− 𝑒𝑎−𝑏∗𝑐𝐿𝑁
1𝑇
Linking Asset Management Data
Collection with Decision Making 1. Investigate how data
collection is linked with
decision processes –
especially at the Project
Selection level
2. Propose a framework
for effective and
efficient data collection
to support Project
Selection decision
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Multi-criteria Network-Level Optimization
Models for Pavement Preservation Programming
Reflect agency goals &
performance targets
Handle multiple
objectives
Considers probabilistic
constraints
Easy to understand and
simple to implement
43.4
50.5
53.5
56.0
57.4
58.2
58.0
58.8
58.6
59.3
21.7
16.9
16.2
16.6
17.3
17.8
18.1
18.2
18.4
18.6
9.8
6.6
4.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.2
24.0
23.9
23.0
23.0
25.2
22.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Year
Percentage(%)
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Preservation
Cost/Benefit
Network & Local
ImportanceOverall Condition
Appropriate Group Prioritization
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Outreach/ Service Example: Implementing a Pavement
Management System for Christiansburg, VA
Worked with municipal engineers to determine
pavement condition following the PCI procedure
Implemented a municipal Pavement Management
System using MicroPAVER
PMS analysis showed that pavement condition
improved with the a preventive maintenance
program 2012 PCI 2031 PCI
Without
PM
With
PM
Without
PM
With
PM
Bu
dget
$1,000,000 73 76 55 64
$750,000 73 76 48 57
$500,000 72 75 45 49
Developing Area Example 1: A Sustainable Multi-Objective
Cross-asset Infrastructure Management
Objective: To develop
a framework for
optimizing the
decision-making,
management, and
funding process
across several assets
considering multiple
objectives
(sustainability) and
constraints
Developing Area Example 2: Probe Vehicles for Road
Infrastructure Health Monitoring
Objective: To use data collected from probe vehicles
to extract information that could be used to remotely
and continuously determine
road infrastructure health
Pavement Assessment
and Management
Applications Enabled
by the Connected
Vehicles
Environment –
Proof-of-Concept
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Developing Area Example 3: Accelerated
Pavement Testing
To test new design and concepts before field
implementation
Significant quantifiable benefits have been
reported by the users
Potentially linked with a National Center for Pavement
Recycling and Reclaiming
DATABASE
INV
EN
TO
RY
CONDITION
USAGE
MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
NETWORK-LEVEL ANALYSIS
TOOLS
PROJECT LEVEL ANALYSIS (Design)
WORK PROGRAM
EXECUTION
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING
FEEDBACK
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
PRODUCTS
NETWORK-LEVEL
REPORTS Performance Assessment Network Needs Facility Life-cycle Cost Optimized M&R Program Performance-based Budget
CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTS
GRAPHICAL
DISPLAYS
NEEDS ANALYSIS
PRIORITIZATION / OPTIMIZATION
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
PROGRAMMING PROJECT SELECTION
Goals & Policies System Performance Economic / Social &
Environmental
Budget Allocations
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Pavement
Management Economic, Social
and Environmental
Impacts
What is a “Sustainable” Pavement?
Safe
Healthy
Affordable
Renewable
Operates fairly
Limits emissions
Limits use of resources
Optimized surface properties
Long lasting, well preserved
Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
Maximize reuse & recycle
Asset management
LCA-optimized
materials,
processes, &
policies
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
A first attempt to define Source: Sustainable Pavements, Flintsch (2010) Tempe, AZ
Research Agenda for Sustainable
Pavements 1. Sustainability Assessment Methods
1.1 Indicators
1.2 Sustainability Rating System
1.3 Sustainability Decision Support Tools
2. Innovation
2.1 Financing and Risk
2.2 New Products
2.3 Standard Testing/Certification Practices/ Protocols
3. Dissemination
3.1 Best Practice
3.2 Policy Makers and the Public
Center for Sustainable
Transportation Infrastructure
Assessing Sustainability: Pavement Construction
and Network Sustainability Management Pavement
Dwight David Eisenhower Transportation Program Grant for Research Fellowship (GRF)
Objective:
To develop a decision-support
methodology to reliably evaluate
and compare the sustainability
impacts of highway pavement
design, preservation, and renewal
alternatives
Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Road Pavements:
Carbon Footprinting and Multi-Attribute
Analysis
Assess the environmental impacts
of road-related practices, strategies,
and materials
Implement a procedure to include these
eco-efficiency values into a more
comprehensive decision support system
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Evaluation of
alternatives/
strategies
Optimal
Strategy Performance
Environment
Costs Multi-
Attribute
optimization
Network level
Project level
High RAP High Binder Asphalt
Concrete Mixes
To investigate the effect of increasing the
amount of binder content on performance of
high RAP surface mixtures (40% and more).
Compare no Rap, 25%, 40% RAP (and 100%
RAP)
Dynamic Modulus, Beam fatigue, Flow
Number, APA and Permeability
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
National Sustainable Pavement
Consortium
Pooled-Fund TPF-5(268)
Objective: enhancing pavement sustainability
Identification and evaluation of novel products,
practices, and pavement systems
Best practices for sustainable pavement management
Climatic changes adaptation
National Sustainable Pavement Consortium
Current Projects
Started:
1. Consideration of the Use Phase in the
Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment
2. Measuring the Benefits of Emerging
Materials and Construction Processes
Part 1: Pavement Recycling Project
Selection Guidelines
Upcoming: Use of LCA in pavement-type
selection
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Related Initiative:
NATIONAL PAVEMENT RECYCLING AND
RECLAIMING CENTER
Objective: To develop an independent
research group that will be the resource
of choice for government and industry
for conducting basic and applied
research, technology transfer, training,
and implementation support on
pavement recycling, reclaiming, and
reusing technologies and solutions.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
National Pavement Recycling and Reclaiming Center
Vision
World-class research and technology transfer
facility that:
Conducts high-impact research for
accelerating the implementation of more
sustainable pavement solutions through
pavement recycling and reclaiming
technologies
Is a paradigm of collaboration among
government, academia, and industry
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
National Pavement Recycling and Reclaiming Center
Vision (cont.)
Provides excellent environment, resources, and
instruction for practitioners and students to
learn fundamental concepts and gain practical
experience and know-how on pavement
recycling and reclaiming technologies
Provides pavement design professionals and
public agencies with the knowledge and tools
necessary to use pavement recycling and
reclaiming as a feasible and competitive
alternative to traditional pavement preservation
and rehabilitation strategies
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure