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Confidential and Proprietary © GardaWorld

Weekly Libya .Xplored report preview November 24, 2017

Prepared by Risk Analysis Team, Libya garda.com/ips

Weekly Libya .Xplored Report

November 24, 2017

Confidential and Proprietary © GardaWorld [2] garda.com/ips

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACTIVITY MAP ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

TRIPOLI ACTIVITY MAP ........................................................................................................................................ 5

OUTLOOK ............................................................................................................................................................... 6

Short term outlook ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Medium to long term outlook ............................................................................................................................ 6

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 6

Governance ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Security ............................................................................................................................................................... 7

Migration Crisis .................................................................................................................................................. 7

Health ................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Oil & Gas ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

Travel ................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Threat Warning ................................................................................................................................................... 8

KEY DATES ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

THREAT MATRIX .................................................................................................................................................... 8

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 9

Governance ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

LPA: The HoR approves proposals, but the HCS reject the vote ............................................................. 9

Security ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

Sabratah: The GNA moves to consolidate security ................................................................................... 9

Zawiyah: Tensions remain high as the Abu Hamira and Gammoda clash ............................................... 9

IS: Airstrikes target IS in Jufra and Sirte with more expected .................................................................. 9

Tripoli: TRB and Bogra clash in Tajura ..................................................................................................... 10

Warshefana: Tensions rise again as the new joint operations room appears to show signs of fragmenting ................................................................................................................................................... 10

WEEKLY OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................... 10

Tripolitania ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

Cyrenaica .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Fezzan ................................................................................................................................................................ 11

ACRONYM LIST .................................................................................................................................................... 12

GARDAWORLD INFORMATION SERVICES ...................................................................................................... 13

GARDAWORLD .................................................................................................................................................... 13

This is an abridged version of the GardaWorld Weekly Libya .Xplored report. To subscribe to our full report or to request a quote for security services in Libya please contact Nigel Lea, Regional Director, Libya.

Disclaimer: The information and opinions expressed in this Report are the views of GardaWorld and constitute a judgment as at the date of

the Report and are subject to change without notice. The information and opinions expressed in this Report have been formed in good faith

mailto:[email protected]



November 24, 2017


on the basis of the best information and intelligence available at the time of writing, but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is

made as to its accuracy, completeness or correctness. GardaWorld accepts no liability arising out of or in connection with the comments

made or the information set out in this Report and the reader is advised that any decision taken to act or not to act in reliance on this Report

is taken solely at the reader’s own risk. In particular, the comments in this Report should not be construed as advice, legal or otherwise.


November 24, 2017


ACTIVITY MAP

IED SAF Armed Clash

Suicide VBIED IDF SA Fire HG/Mine/

RPG CP

Incident Kidnap

Civil Unrest

Crime Threat

Warning Accident

Military Op

Health Airstrike


November 24, 2017


TRIPOLI ACTIVITY MAP

IED SAF Armed Clash

Suicide VBIED IDF SA Fire HG/Mine/

RPG CP

Incident Kidnap

Civil Unrest

Crime Threat

Warning Accident

Military Op

Health Airstrike


November 24, 2017


OUTLOOK

Short term outlook

Tensions remain in Benghazi following the challenge to Field Marshal Haftar’s leadership. Further fall out is expected as the LNA moves to dismantle the GNA deputy minister of the interior’s support base.

Tensions are increasing in Warshefana where various units and militias carved up territory following the security operation at the beginning of November. While local tribes are beginning to increase the pressure on external militias to leave, tensions between the different militias which form the joint operations room, are also becoming more and more evident.

Zawiyah also remains tense as various forces look to gain control of the key city. National factions are converging on the city which the LNA state is the key to taking control of Tripoli. Tensions will continue to result in clashes, especially around the refinery area, as the situation evolves.

GNA/ LNA forces around Sabratah and Surman continue to consolidate on recent gains. Existing militias are being subsumed or forced out. There are recent indications that Islamic leaning militias are looking to regain lost influence in the area. Further localized clashes are possible.

Smaller militias and criminal gangs may be targeted in Tripoli as the more dominant militias look to consolidate and strengthen their positions. As such, sporadic, localized clashes are possible.

Medium to long term outlook While there are some positive indicators that talks over the unification of the military are progressing, the

political situation remains divided. Talks in Tunis have not yielded any major progress and have prompted the LNA to reissue its threat to ‘liberate Tripoli’ should dialogue fail. Issues like Article 8 remain significant hurdles; however, events on the ground may well overtake political decision making over the next six months.

Although the influence wielded by the GNC has reduced over the last six months as militia groups aligned to them have lost ground, other political factions are emerging including the Green Movement and the Monarchists, which could complicate the political situation further. Despite its waning influence, the GNC still retains a support base, some of which is armed and could still prove a threat to any potential deal between the GNA and Field Marshall Haftar.

IS continues to become bolder, mounting temporary checkpoints, taking over village mosques and launching attacks against security forces. IS is reported to be regrouping and may well be receiving manpower into the south of Libya from Iraq and Syria as the ‘caliphate’ disintegrates. IS will continue to benefit from the lack of political and security unity in Libya with the possibility that they are establishing a fresh alliance with other extremist groups like al-Qaeda.

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Governance The HoR voted in favor the UN envoys proposed changes to the LPA this week. Although the vote can be

seen as somewhat of a success and may now allow for progress in the negotiations, less than 50% of the HoR participated. The refusal of landing permissions to a UN plane carrying 29 HoR members from Tripoli the day before has also highlighted the fact that some factions continue to take steps to hinder the political process.

The HCS also discussed a proposal to hold presidential elections within six months should negotiations fail. The proposal appears to be gaining some traction as a viable alternative to the LPA negotiations with the whole political process coming under increasing pressure from Field Marshall Haftar.

The US Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan has reaffirmed the US’s support for the GNA and action plan of the UN Envoy during a meeting in Tunis with GNA President Fayez Sarraj. Both Sarraj and Washington ‘strongly back elections as soon as possible.’

Politicians from Tuareg and Amazigh minorities have formed a new political party called Libo. The founders held a celebration in Obari with activists from Obari and Zuwara as well as representatives from Tuareg and Amazigh communities.


November 24, 2017


The committee formed by the HoR to investigate and arrest people dealing with the PC and the GNA held its first meeting in Bayda this week. Its spokesman stated it would take measures to deter people ‘dealing with the PC and its illegitimate government’ through either arrest or referral to the Public Prosecution and ‘competent authorities.’ A list of names of those to be investigated is currently being prepared.

GNA President Fayez Sarraj has called on the CBL to unite the Bayda and Tripoli entities. He has asked them both to meet with him next week and put aside ‘personal and political differences and look to the national interest.’ The proposal was met with a positive response from the parallel CBL in Bayda.

Security A number of airstrikes have been conducted in the oil crescent against IS. Both the LNA and US launched

strikes against the terrorist group which continues to present a threat to rural areas in Jufra, Sirte and Wahat provinces.

Armed clashes took place in Tajura, Tripoli towards the end of the week. It is still unclear what has triggered the clashes which involved TRB and al-Bogra however at least one senior commander was reported to have been killed in the initial clashes which resumed the following night.

Tensions have increased in Warshefana again this week. Local tribes are beginning to push back against the Zintani security presence while the new joint operations room formed by various GNA aligned militias is showing signs of fracturing.

Clashes have erupted in Zawiyah and tensions remain high between elements of the Abu Hamira and Gammoda tribes in the Seban area, to the east of Zawiyah oil refinery. Zawiyah remains a focal point at present with national factions converging on the city, vying for control.

The GNA ordered a consolidation of security forces in Sabratah. A day after the Military Council announced the establishment of a new unit and denounced the Cairo attempts to unify the military, GNA President Fayez Sarraj ordered the council to disband and hand over weapons and vehicles to the Anti-IS Operations Room.

The new Tobruk Operations Room has been placed on high alert ‘to deal with any potential attacks that might undermine the city’s security’ in cooperation with the Tobruk Security Directorate. The operations room was formed two weeks ago and placed under the command of Major Sami Idris Nasr.

A group of military officers and a number of security agencies have formed a joint security room to control security in the Murzuq region and protect the borders.

An unknown source has claimed in the media that elders from the al-Arafa tribe detained GNA Deputy Minister of the Interior Faraj Gaem and handed him over to the LNA on November 22 in Marj. The source also claimed that Gaem had been tortured. He was expected to meet with Haftar.

Migration Crisis Footage from CNN showing an auction where migrants were being sold, has caused international outrage

and placed the GNA under significant pressure. While it has attracted international condemnation, the issue has seen a more muted and at times defensive reaction within Libya where reports have indicated for a while that migrants are being sold into slavery.

A new video emerged online overnight on November 23 which showed migrants being freed from an underground jail. They had been cemented in and were being fed through small metal windows in Sabratah. The video is likely to add to the outrage already seen this week over slave auctions.

Tensions have again increased between NGOs operating in the Mediterranean and the Libyan Coastguard following a rescue on November 06 which involved the coastguard and Seawatch.

The UN has also criticized the EU over its policy of assisting Libya to intercept migrants as ‘inhumane.’ The comments came after an inspection of detention centers in Libya where authorities have been overwhelmed in recent months following significant disruption to the network of human trafficking, resulting in far fewer migrants making it to Europe. In the days that followed, the GNA approved sending 88 Libyan Coastguard members to Italy and Tunisia for two months training.

The Libyan coastguard has claimed the Italian navy protected two Italian fishing trawlers fishing in Libyan waters.

The OCHA has stated there are unconfirmed reports of up to 1,500 migrants and refugees living in difficult circumstances in informal sites near al-Maya coastal area, west of Tripoli.

Rwanda has offered to take in 30,000 African migrants currently stranded in Libya. The offer came after the CNN report showing a slave auction in the country however it was allegedly discussed at a meeting three weeks ago.


November 24, 2017


Around 1,100 migrants were rescued from eleven boats on November 22 by the Italian coastguard and NGOs.

Health The National Center for Disease Control published a certificate from WHO declaring Libya polio-free after no

new cases were reported since 1991. The confirmation was issued in September 2016.

Benghazi’s Central Hospital has launched an urgent appeal for medical supplies stating they are suffering from a severe shortage of medicines and first aid kits.

Oil & Gas Protestors from Jakharra have escalated their threats to shut down all the fields in the region and close oil

terminals from As Sidra to Tobruk. The residents are unlikely to be able to enact on their threats without support from the LNA and HoR.

Communications were ‘interrupted’ at As Sarir gas station, Brega Storage and the GMMR in Al-Wahat. A team from Benghazi Communications Zone stated that the problem had been identified and operations were underway. The team included people from Benghazi, Ujlah, and Jalu. The problems first emerged in August and had been fixed around a month ago, but the problem has reoccurred.

Waha Oil is looking to replace large sections of rusted pipelines and 12 oil tanks destroyed in 2014 at it's As Sidra terminal. The company, however, has no financial resources to foot the bill and is, therefore, looking for alternative means of payment.

Travel The go-ahead has been given to resume flights from Sabha airport following three years of closure. This is

not the first time reports have indicated flights are to resume however a deal over security in the area of the airport has added to optimism that the airport is on its way to being operational again.

Sirte airport has been vandalized and robbed again. Thieves made off with copper cables, doors, and windows.

Thinni has ordered the suspension of all Tripoli to Tobruk flights following an incident on November 19 when a UN plane was denied permission to land in Tobruk. All flights have been re-routed to Benina airport in Benghazi.

Threat Warning The LNA has stated IS is planning on attacking army forces protecting the oil fields and ports. The LNA has

responded by upping patrols in the oil crescent and mounting air reconnaissance and strike operations. Further airstrikes are expected in the area and civilians have been warned not to transit the southern Sirte area without permission from the Sirte Operations Room.

The Omar al-Mukhtar operations room (LNA) has warned residents in Derna to stay away from ‘gatherings of terrorist groups’ stating they will begin military action in the city’s suburbs. The LNA has indicated on a number of occasions that it is planning a military offensive to retake the city. A similar warning was issued after an airstrike on October 30 in which 15 civilians were killed.

KEY DATES

Date Occasion Comment

November 25 Tripoli Marathon Possible disruptions to movements through the city

December 01 The Prophet’s Birthday Public Holiday

December 24 Independence Day Public Holiday

February 17 Libyan Revolution Day Public Holiday

May 01 May Day Public Holiday

THREAT MATRIX


November 24, 2017


Region Political Terrorism Militancy Crime K&R

Tripolitania High-Extreme High High-Extreme High High

Cyrenaica Moderate High-Extreme Moderate High High

Fezzan High Moderate High High High

Threat Scale Minimal Low Moderate High Extreme

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Governance LPA: The HoR approves proposals, but the HCS reject the vote

The HoR approved proposed changes to the LPA during a vote on November 21. While the result was hailed as

a success by some, less than 50% of the HoR took part, and only 55 voted in favor, representing just over a

quarter of members. The HCS has pushed back against the HoR vote calling it illegal. Stipulating Article 12 of

the LPA, the HCS states both it and the HoR must come to a consensus when considering amendments to the

constitution and claims it has effectively been bypassed. In response, the HoR claimed that they have not voted

to attach the proposals to the Constitutional Declaration and that they did not have sufficient numbers present for

a quorum for such a move. They had simply ‘expressed their approval of the proposals.’

The HCS also discussed the possibility of holding presidential elections within six months, should the

renegotiations of the LPA fail. The proposal is said to be gaining some traction as a viable alternative, however,

as the UN Envoy pointed out this week, elections would be a mistake until there is a clear consensus that those

voted in replace incumbents, and do not create a new entity.

Security Sabratah: The GNA moves to consolidate security

The GNA has moved to consolidate security units in Sabratah. Earlier in the week, the Sabratah Military Council

announced the formation of a new unit; the Sabratah Revolutionaries Brigade. Days later, the GNA ordered the

council and 48 Brigade to disband, and hand their weapons and vehicles over to the Anti-IS Operations Room

(AIOR).

48 Brigade was established at the end of 2016 by the GNA. It was initially tasked with carrying out anti-oil

smuggling operations and added anti-human trafficking to its remit in June. It quickly proved however to be a

vehicle for the Dabbashi family to protect its illicit business activities and ended up fighting alongside the Anas

Dabbashi militia in October against the AIOR and Wadi Brigade.

Zawiyah: Tensions remain high as the Abu Hamira and Gammoda clash

Tensions remain high in Zawiyah where national actors are converging. The current focal point for tension is the

Seban area to the east of the refinery between the Gammoda and Abu Hamira tribes.

On November 16, clashes erupted in which three men from the Abu Hamira were wounded after an RPG was

fired at a vehicle they were traveling in. Further clashes took place on November 19 and on November 21; both

sides began mobilizing however no fighting was reported. IS: Airstrikes target IS in Jufra and Sirte with more expected Three airstrikes targeted IS this week in Jufra and Sirte provinces. On November 15, the LNA targeted an IS logistics camp near Harawah. The camp contained vehicles, food, and fuel and had been under surveillance for a week prior to the attack. Two further strikes were launched by the US on November 17 and 19 near Fugaha in


November 24, 2017


Jufra province. IS had carried out an attack against an isolated LNA checkpoint on August 23 near Fugaha where they beheaded eleven people. The LNA has indicated that further airstrikes are likely in the coming weeks and has clamped down on civilian movement south of Sirte. The Martyrs Battalion of Zawiyah has also been patrolling in the oil crescent in a bid to locate IS fighters. The timing of the strikes suggests some level of cooperation between the US and the LNA. Tripoli: TRB and Bogra clash in Tajura On the afternoon of November 22, clashes erupted around the Bir Osta Milad Road along the border of Ayn Zara and Tajura. There were various causes reported as to the trigger, with initial reporting suggesting that TRB and al-Bogra militias were involved. One senior commander was killed and fighting resumed on the evening of November 23. Warshefana: Tensions rise again as the new joint operations room appears to show signs of fragmenting Tensions have also increased in Warshefana this week with indications that the local tribes are now beginning to push back against the Zintani presence. There are also indications that the joint operations room, established by various GNA aligned militias, is beginning to fracture.

WEEKLY OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT

Tripolitania Significant activity Prisoner Release - Nov 15, Misrata Province, Misrata: At least 12 militants linked to RSCB, Ajdabiya

Support Room and the BDB have been released from prison in Misrata.

Airstrike - Nov 15, Sirte Province, Harawah: The LNA carried out a number of airstrikes against an IS logistics camp south of Harawah town, located 50km east of Sirte. The camp contained vehicles, food and fuel supplies. The LNA stated that they killed 'dozens of militants' and destroyed all their equipment. The camp had been under Ariel reconnaissance for a week prior to the attack.

Armed Clashes - Nov 16, Al-Murqub Province, Khums: A land dispute between two families escalated into a firefight in al Khums. One person was shot dead resulting in his brother killing seven people from the other family.

Armed Clashes - Nov 16 23:30, Az Zawiyah Province, Zawiyah Oil Refinery: Clashes occurred after someone from the Gammoda tribe shot someone from the Seban (Abu Hamira) area near the refinery. A militia from Zawiyah intervened as the situation escalated. Fighting continued until 0300hrs on November 17. Three people from the Abu Hamira tribe were wounded when an RPG was fired at their vehicle. One of the men subsequently died in hospital on November 23.

Armed Clashes - Nov 18, Al-Jafara Province, Warshefana: RDF conducted a raid inside Warshefana and arrested eight criminals. The rest of the criminal gang fled, running into ZMC forces who then arrested 17 of them. Those arrested included Supporto (militia commander) and Adel Lafa'a (gang leader). 301 Battalion then clashed with RDF in an alleged attempt to free those arrested. Osama Jweli directed that those arrested should be handed over to the Criminal Investigations Western Branch. A plane was then sent to transport RDF members to the Criminal Investigations Branch in al-Matred near Zawiyah.

Murder/ Execution - Nov 18, Sirte Province, Sirte: A mass grave has been found in Sirte. The grave contains an as yet unknown number of bodies.

Armed Clashes - Nov 19 19:00, Az Zawiyah Province, Zawiyah: Clashes took place near the refinery. Unconfirmed reports suggest two RPGs may have been deployed with SAF reported intermittently up to 2200hrs. Normal pattern of life had returned by the morning of November 20.

Prisoner Release - Nov 20, Tripoli Province, Tripoli: Two organizers of the Comic-Con event have been released by RDF. RDF had reportedly taken the organizers to the Attorney Generals (AG) office to have them charged however the AG could not find anything with which to charge them. Three are still being held.

Crime - Nov 20 23:00, Az Zawiyah Province, Zawiyah: Nine vehicles were stopped near the refinery under an overpass and items stolen.

Accident - Nov 21, Sirte Province, Wadi al-Hunaywah: A bus overturned while traveling from Ajdabiya to Tripoli killing three African nationals and injuring 14 others. 166 Battalion later confirmed that they were


November 24, 2017


involved in a chase with the bus and another vehicle transporting illegal immigrants when the bus overturned. The other vehicle managed to escape.

Cyrenaica Significant activity Shooting - Nov 15, Benghazi Province, Ganfouda: An armed group attacked the refugee center in Ganfouda

with light and medium weapons in a bid to free a Sudanese national who is detained in the center. He had been detained earlier while working in a coffee shop. The Anti-illegal Immigration Agency stated that he had hepatitis B and C. Special Forces sent reinforcements and one attacker was detained. The attack was 'affiliated to a brigade' and has been sent to the Military Police for legal action.

CPX - Nov 16, Derna Province, Derna: MSCD launched a complex attack against an LNA patrol near Derna. A landmine detonated prior to fighters opening fire on the patrol, killing two soldiers. Another soldier escaped as reinforcements arrived.

Murder/ Execution - Nov 16, Benghazi Province, Suluq: The body of Abu Zeid Mustafa al-Asfar al-'Uquri was found in a dumpster in Suluq. He is the brother of ex-city governor Mohammed Abu Zeid and had reportedly arrived in Benghazi four days before his body was found. Some reports have suggested his brother is a significant Gaem supporter.

Arrest - Nov 16, Benghazi Province, Benghazi: Retired Brigadier General Salim Qadir was arrested on charges of cooperation with Faraj al-Gaem.

Armed Clashes - Nov 17, Benghazi Province, Benghazi: A gunfight took place outside Jalaa Hospital. The incident was triggered by a personal dispute and moved inside the hospital with at least one person discharging their weapon inside. An RPG was also reported to have struck near the entrance to the hospital.

Kidnap - Nov 17, Benghazi Province, As Sulmani: Eight-year-old Abdul-Raof Al-Ojali was kidnapped in Benghazi. An LYD 2 million ransom was demanded for his return however his family stated they could not pay. His father is the head of the Benghazi Reconstruction Committee. His body was found in a freezer in the As Sulmani district three days later. He was reported to have been killed on November 17, the same day he was taken. A 17-year-old neighbour has been arrested in connection with the incident.

Murder/ Execution - Nov 18, Benghazi Province, Suluq: The body of Bouzid Al-Aqwri was found with signs of torture, dumped in a rubbish pile. Aqwri was allegedly arrested around two weeks ago and is reported to be a supporter of Gaem.

Airstrike - Nov 18, Derna Province, Daher Al-Hamer: The LNA conducted airstrikes using helicopters against MSCD positions in Daher al-Hamer.

Fezzan Significant activity Kidnap - Nov 16 19:00, Sabha Province, Sabha: Dr. Salim al-Salhab was kidnapped from outside a medical

clinic in Sabha. The perpetrators escaped in two Hyundai Verna sedans.

Airstrike - Nov 17 09:30, Al-Jufra Province, Fugaha: The US launched a drone strike in the central Libyan desert killing 'several' IS fighters.

Kidnap - Nov 19, Wadi Al-Hayaa Province, Obari: Three armed men attempted to kidnap Masoud Beddawi Al-Hatih in Obari. A shot was fired as the men tried to escape with Hatih and it was either this or their speed that caused them to lose control and crash into a wall. The wall subsequently collapsed killing one of the kidnappers and injuring the victim and two female passer-bys. The other two kidnappers were apprehended.

Demonstration - Nov 19, Sabha Province, Tamanhint: Dignitaries, civil society organizations and local activists staged a demonstration against human trafficking and slavery. The protestors also requested support from the international community to help Libya secure its borders and strengthen its institutions.

Demonstration - Nov 19, Sabha Province, Sabha: Staff at the Sabha Medical Centre announced a ten-day strike in protest at the kidnapping of Dr. Salim al-Salhab.

Airstrike - Nov 19 12:30, Al-Jufra Province, Fugaha: The US launched an airstrike against IS in coordination with the GNA.

Demonstration - Nov 21, Sabha Province, Sabha: Residents staged a sit-in at an unknown location to protest against deteriorating living conditions in the city and the need for security. They also spoke out against crime and attacks including kidnappings and called for the reopening of Sabha airport.


ACRONYM LIST

AIOR – Anti-IS Operations Room (Sabratah)

AQ - Al-Qaeda

BAM – Al-Bunyan Al-Marsous (Misrata aligned)

BDB – Benghazi Defense Brigade / Saraya Defend Benghazi (SDB) (Al-Qaeda-aligned – AAS and RSCB

associated/umbrella group)

CNI – Critical National Infrastructure

GATMJB - Operations Room for the Liberation of the City Ajdabiya and Support for Benghazi Rebels

GECOL – General Electricity Company of Libya

GMMR – Great Man-made River

GNA – Government of National Accord (UN backed)

GNC – General National Congress

HCN - Host Country National

HoR – House of Representatives (Tobruk based)

IDP - Internally Displaced Persons

IED - Improvised Explosive Device

IOC - International Oil Company

IS - Islamic State

LIFG – Libyan Islamic Fighting Group

LNA – Libyan National Army

LPA – Libyan Political Agreement

LROR - Libyan Revolutionary Operations Room

MoD - Ministry of Defense

MoF - Ministry of Finance

MoFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MoHE - Ministry of Higher Education

MoI - Ministry of Interior

MoJ - Ministry of Justice

MoO - Ministry of Oil

MoT - Ministry of Transportation

MSCD – Mujahideen Shura Council of Derna (AQ aligned)

NFDK - No Further Details Known

NGO - Non-Governmental Organization (aid/charity)

NOC – National Oil Company

NSG – National Salvation Government (GNC)

NSTR - Nothing Significant To Report

PAX - Person, Persons or Passenger

PC – Presidency Council (GNA)

PG – Presidential Guard

PFG- Petroleum Facilities Guard

PSC - Private Security Company

PSD - Private Security Detail

RPG - Rocket Propelled Grenade

RSCB - Revolutionary Shura Council of Benghazi

RTA - Road Traffic Accident

SDB – Saraya Defend Benghazi / Benghazi Defense Brigade (BDB) (Al-Qaeda-aligned – AAS and RSCB

associated/umbrella group)

TCN - Third Country National

Technical - An improvised weapon-mounted pick-up truck

UXO - Unexploded Ordnance


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Weekly Libya .Xplored report preview - Libya Business News€¦ · Short term outlook ... Politicians from Tuareg and Amazigh minorities have formed a new political ... A list of