Week 1

Week 1: Week 1 - Class Discussion

Class Discussion

Graded Activity: Class Discussion (30 points)

Instructional Objectives for this activity: Describe the various components of a network and their functions

How do computers actually get connected to form a network? This discussion will delve into the world of networks from the ground level.

Please respond to all of the following prompts:

Topic: Hubs, bridges, switches, and routers form the internetworking devices on a network.

Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router.

o When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them?

Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them.

The minimum expectation for class discussions is to respond

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directly to each part of the discussion prompt and to respond to at least two other posts, either by a student or instructor, by the end of the week:

1.Submit one main post responding directly to each part of the discussion prompt.

o This should be a substantive response to the topic(s) in your own words, referencing what you have discovered in your required reading and other learning activities.

o You may use resources in addition to your textbook that support your post(s); however, you must mention the source(s) that you used in your post(s).

2.Reply to at least two posts. Responses can be made to students or to your instructor.

3.Responses to other individuals' posts should: o Expand on their ideas. o Discuss the differences between your thoughts and

theirs. o Explain why you agree or disagree.

4.For citation guidelines, please refer to the table in the APA Style section of the syllabus.

To post your main response to this topic, click the blue Respond button below.

To respond to a classmate or your instructor, click the blue Respond button below his/her post.

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ResponsesResponses are listed below in the following order: response, author and the date and time the response is posted.

Response Author Date/Time*

Class: Please read the class posting requirements!

Instructor Copeland 4/12/2013 7:12:58 AM

Class,

*Please review the scenario and respond to all questions! Be sure to write in complete sentences and spell check your work upon completion! Do not write in "cell phone/IM" texting style or these will not count towards the class discussion grade.

In the subject line, type Main Post.

*Research and explain your answers. "I do not know or can't find the answer" will not count!

*Do not attach your responses. Type in this box in order that each of us can review and respond.

*Answer ALL questions in one post. Posting the main answers in one post will be a deduction in points.

Responses:

*Respond to a minimum of 2 response postings to your classmates/instructor. If you agree, disagree, believe it is a good post, EXPLAIN why!

*This area is the one place that we as a class come together and work/learn from each other. Do not neglect this area!

If you have any questions, please let me know in order that I may assist you.

Respond

RE: Class: Please read the class posting requirements!

Justina Tovar 4/16/2013 12:40:15 AM

"*Answer ALL questions in one post. Posting the main answers in one

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post will be a deduction in points" Kind of confusing

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RE: Class: Please read the class posting requirements!


Justina:

Thank you for catching my error!

Professor Copeland

Respond

Class posting requirements Revision


Class,

*Please review the scenario and respond to all questions! Be sure to write in complete sentences and spell check your work upon completion! Do not write in "cell phone/IM" texting style or these will not count towards the class discussion grade.

In the subject line, type Main Post.

*Research and explain your answers. "I do not know or can't find the answer" will not count!

*Do not attach your responses. Type in this box in order that each of us can review and respond.

*Answer ALL questions in one post. Posting the main answers in more than one post will be a deduction in points.

Responses:

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*Respond to a minimum of 2 response postings to your classmates/instructor. If you agree, disagree, believe it is a good post, EXPLAIN why!

*This area is the one place that we as a class come together and work/learn from each other. Do not neglect this area!

If you have any questions, please let me know in order that I may assist you.

Respond

Class Discussions for Week 1


How do computers actually get connected to form a network? This discussion will delve into the world of networks from the ground level.

Please respond to all of the following prompts:

Topic: Hubs, bridges, switches, and routers form the internetworking devices on a network.




Respond

Main Post - Week 1

Janet Spickler 4/15/2013 2:16:13 PM

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o A hub is a device that is used to connect PCs to communicate using hardware or MAC addresses. A hub is more for home use and troubleshooting.

o A bridge is used to connect a hub and a router. A bridge is used for breaking up collision domains, so any device connected to a hub is in the same collision domain.

o A switch can replace a hub, a switch is similar to a bridge because a switch has a similar purpose; it breaks up collision domains. A switch is more for business use because as I listed previously, a switch replaces a hub. A switch would get put to more use in a business than in a home because there are more PCs in a business than in a home.

o A router is a device that is used to connect networks together and route packets of data from one network to another.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them?

o In a business, you would use a switch because it can connect more than a couple of PCs at a time. In your home, you would use a hub to connect a couple PCs and for troubleshooting. Also in both a business and a home, you can use a router in which will connect networks together and route packets of data from on network to another.


o As I have listed previously, a switch would be used in a business. A hub would be used in home. A router would be both used within a business and home.

Reference

o Lammle, Todd. (2011). CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (Exam 640-802). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing.

Respond

RE: Main Post - Week 1

Instructor Copeland 4/15/2013 4:11:50 PM

Janet:

Thanks for getting the class discussion off to a great start!

Can you use a combination of any of these devices? If so, how and why?

Professor Copeland

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Professor Copeland,Your very welcome. Yes, you can use a combination of a hub, bridge, and router together. The bridge can be used to connect the hub and router together. By doing so, it will break up collision domains to put any device connected to the hub/router in the same collision domain.

Respond


Stephanie Pointer 4/16/2013 9:00:02 AM

I really like your post. Using a hub in a home network to support the mac address for connection.

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Stephanie:

Explain to us how a hub supports the MAC address.

Professor Copeland

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Stephanie Pointer 4/17/2013 6:06:47 PM

Hub utilize the MAC address so that other devices to connect to the Ethernet.

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Alberto Rodriguez 4/20/2013 10:19:44 PM

Instructor,

The Hub is basically a repeater in that it takes a digital signal and repeats it to all devices connect to it. In the signal the destination MAC address is within it, this way when every device receives the the data if the MAC address does not match the data is dropped.

Respond



Stephanie,Thank you. Please explain...

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Edmond Mallery 4/18/2013 6:26:43 PM

You have a great post this week. I didn't really think about getting a hub, but it might come in handy for our home network.

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Yes, this would help a lot if you have more than one network connection.

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Justina Tovar 4/19/2013 5:42:54 PM

I do not have any of the three at this moment but I think I will be getting a router. Oh wait I have a router but just need to hook it up when I get my place I hope I remember to do so when I get a place and not by an extra one. It will help me with my homework having a laptop.

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Robert Magee 4/20/2013 11:58:45 PM

Edmond,

I personally think that a hub for a home network is a waste of both time and money. I have a desktop running Win Vista, 3 laptops Running Win 7, 2 Smart Tv's and a Printer they all run on my wireless network and all connect to each other with out any issues

Respond


Michael Hall 4/19/2013 6:59:20 PM

I do like your post. I has the information for the question. I just wonder if you have worked with any equipment. I work with servers, routers and switches almost every day. I also have work with serial, fiber optic and regular Cat 5 networks. At home I have A wireless router for my laptops and a switch for my games systems. The switch is better for the game system because it seem to have an better share and less collisions. And of internet I have cable. Please check out my post and let me know what you think.

Respond

Main Post

Christopher Cates 4/15/2013 4:39:20 PM


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A hub is a multiport repeater that “creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain,” (Lamle, 2011). Bridges are used to break up larger networks into smaller collision domains. A switch is a multiport bridge with “greatly enhanced management abilities and features,” (Lamle, 2011). Routers direct data in and out of a network.


You would use a hub when you have more than one computer, but not very many, and you would want the computers to be able to talk to one another. You would implement bridges into your network when you have a larger network in which the data traffic is becoming congested; a switch also serves this function and is preferable for a business. You would use a router when you want your network to be able to communicate with other networks, i.e. the internet.


As previously stated, you need to have at least a hub in order to have a network (more than one computer and the computers able to communicate with one another). If you have a large network, such as a business would likely have, you would have likely have to implement all of the aforementioned hardware.

BibliographyLamle, T. (2011). Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing.

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RE: Main Post


Christopher:

Hubs are becoming increasingly rare in the business world. Why would you think that we are moving away from hubs in the business world to switches?

By the way, you do not necessarily need all the hardware mentioned in this class discussion for a large network. Why?

Professor Copeland

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RE: Main Post

Christopher Cates 4/17/2013 8:31:44 AM

Professor,

I think that hubs are becoming increasingly rare in the business world because a switch essentially performs the same functions. A switch is also more efficient and has additional features. Fort this reason, that answer could also tie into your second question. All of the hardware mentioned would not necessarily be required for a large business network because as technology gets more advanced, we are seeing the functions of several of these devices being crammed into one. For example, it is possible to purchase and configure a router to perform the functions of all of the listed devices.

Chris

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RE: Main Post

Nelson Stambaugh 4/20/2013 11:23:06 AM

I would have to say that the primary reason for the lack of hub use is do to the fact that when you put more than one computer in the same collision zone, it slows down your network traffic which in turn slows down you business.

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RE: Main Post

Alberto Rodriguez 4/20/2013 10:26:55 PM

Instructor,

Switches are basically an upgraded version of a hub, in that the signal is distributed within the network. The only difference is now the data is directed to intended device instead of distributing the data across the network which frees up bandwidth.

I think you can manage a large network with just routers and switches, especially when you start to implement subnetting.

Respond

RE: Main

Phillip Harris 4/17/2013 9:43:50 AM

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Post

I was wondering that if a switch could replace a hub, could a network work with out that hub? In other words if you take the hub out and put a switch in you would not have to have a hub in order to have a network right. Just wondering.

Respond

RE: Main Post

Christopher Cates 4/20/2013 9:04:00 AM

Good question Phillip!

You definitely do not have to have a hub in order to have a network. A switch performs the same functions as a hub. Currently in my home, I am using the AT&T modem/router/wireless gateway, which was supplied by AT&T Uverse when I signed up for service. With just this one device, which also has a four port switch built-in, I am able to have a sizable network (for a home anyway). I have never really counted, but among the computers, tablets, cell phones, and gaming devices in my home, I am certain I have over 20 devices connected to my network.

Respond

RE: Main Post

Darrell Crowe 4/17/2013 1:09:42 PM

Chris,

Even though a hub is a repeater, do you not think that a low cost switch would suffice in a business network? A hub may be great for a small business,however with the capabilities of routers and switches these days, I think a hub is unnecessary, (just my opinion)

Darrell

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RE: Main Post


Christopher,You have a great post here. I have a question though. Where would you use a hub and a router? You forgot to answer that. Other then that, as I mentioned, you have a great post here.

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Good job, keep up the good work!

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RE: Main Post


Great post. A hub and a router would be good to use for a small network like your home network.

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RE: Main Post

Justina Tovar 4/19/2013 5:45:39 PM

A hub reminds me of a place that stores supplies for a business and distributes the supplies to the other stores that are the same. Or if the store needs supplies they can go to the hub store to get the supplies. It is the holding store for the supplies and does not sell to customers outright they send the supplies to the store the customer is located.

I think it is more understanding how the hub for computers work if I see it as a hub for a store.

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RE: Main Post

Michael Piskorski 4/21/2013 12:00:38 AM

Nice post, Chris. Thought you could have went into better detail on each of the devices. Keep up the good work.

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week 1 class discussion

David Scrafano 4/15/2013 7:28:38 PM


Hub- a hub creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain.Bridge- bridge break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain, they use hardware addresses to filter the network.Switch- a switch is a device that connects network segments and forwards only

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frames intended for that specific device or frames sent to all devices.Router- a router is a device that can forward packets across the computer networks.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them?Bridge and switches would be used in a business to communicate with other computers in the network, Router and a hub would be used at homefor internet connecctivity,


home for router and hubs for internet and switches and bridges are for business to help maintain a smooth running system

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RE: week 1 class discussion


David:

Great start! Explain why you would use this scenario that you have described in your post.

Professor Copeland

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Instructor,

I would use the Router and hub for my internet home service.

Iwould use Switches and Bridges for a business to help protect and maintain a smooth running OS system.

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Richard Fox 4/20/2013 1:27:24 PM

I haven't been around hubs, switches or anything like that in business. They only thing i have been around is Personal home computer routers. I'm looking forward to learning this semester about all the aspects I do not know now. Good Post

Respond

Main Post


Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router. The difference between a hub, switch, a bridge, and a router is that, a hub creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain. A bridge breaks up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain. Switch is a hardware device used to connect nodes on a network in a star network topology. A router is a hardware device that manages traffic between two or more networks and help find the best path for the traffic.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? When using a switch and a router in a network setup, switches allow the breakup of collision domain but create one large broadcast domain by default. Switches use hardware addresses to filter the network. Routers break up broadcast domain (and collision domains) and using logic addressing to filter the network.

Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them. I would use a router and a switch when I have multiple network connections and the traffic is stalling. To receive better signal and cancel out unneeded domain by creating others.

Lammle, Todd. (2011). CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (Exam 640-802). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing.

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RE: Main Post


Stephanie:

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Great post and citation! In your scenario, what type of business or network would have multiple network connections? Why would traffic stall?

Professor Copeland

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RE: Main Post


I would use a switch in a home office to receive better signal for my cell phone, to connect multiple networks. Traffic would stall if there is to much traffic on one path. Than I would install a router.

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RE: Main Post


Stephine,

I could not agree more. But won't a router or even a hub help the stalling situtation? just a thought

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RE: Main Post


David:

Explain why you are suggesting this scenario.

Professor Copeland

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RE: Main Post


Professor,

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For better signal strength, To keep my system from stalling, and to maintain smooth running domains.

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RE: Main Post

Michael Piskorski 4/21/2013 12:02:55 AM

Nice post Steph. It was a little difficult to follow but your answer where good. Perhaps use a bold to make the question stand out from the answer that you give this will make it easier to follow your post. Keep up the good work.

Respond

Class Discussion

Erin Palmisano 4/17/2013 6:42:28 AM


Hub- a hub creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain.Bridge- bridge break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain, they use hardware addresses to filter the network.Switch- a switch is a device that connects network segments and forwards only frames intended for that specific device or frames sent to all devices.Router- a router is a device that can forward packets across the computer networks.


Bridges and switches would be used in a business to communicate with other computers in the network. Routers and a hubs would be used at home for internet connecctivity.


Routers are used for home computers. Hubs are used for the

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internet and switches and bridges are used for businesses to help maintain a smooth running system.

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RE: Class Discussion


Erin:

Would you use a router only for home or can you use it in a business world as well? Research and find out.

Hubs are not used only for the Internet. Where would we see hubs today?

Professor Copeland

Respond


Adrian Jeffries 4/17/2013 7:23:26 PM

Professor Copeland

Hubs can be used in businesses that need to connect multiple devices, cash registers, receipt printers, and even standard printers. Basically any place that needs to have devices communicate with each other.

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Erin Palmisano 4/19/2013 11:55:33 AM

Hubs and routers are used in the business world as well.

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James Collins 4/19/2013 2:12:17 PM

Hi prof., I don't think you would find too many hubs being used anywhere except in a temporary fix of a failed switch on the network till the switch can be replaced. Also, hubs offers no security to a network. Hubs in a network will diminish the networks bandwidth because of the collision domain with all the ports of that hub.

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I can see that you are very well versed in this weeks topic. Great post and very informative.

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Erin,

Good points made, however you can implement a switch into a home network if necessary and there are commercial grade routers used by businesses. Just FYI

Darrell

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Janice Ellison 4/18/2013 11:26:00 AM

Hi Erin, you did a great job do you think that a hub is really usable. I not sure.

Respond

Class Discussion Week 1


Discuss the difference between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router.

Hub- a connectivity device that belongs to the Physical layer of the OSI model and retransmits incoming data signals to its multiple ports. Typically hubs contain one uplink port which is used to connect to a

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networks backbone. It is used to connect PC's and enables them to communicate with each other through the use of hardware or a MAC address.Bridge- a connectivity device that operates at the Data link layer of the OSI model and reads the header information to forward packets according totheir MAC address's. Bridges use a filtering database to determine which packets are to be forwarded and which to discard. Bridges containone input and one output port and separate network segments. It can be used to connect a hub and a router or to break up collision domains.Switch- a connectivity device that logically subdivides a network into smaller individual collision domains. A switch operates at the Data link layer ofthe OSI and can interpret MAC address information to determine wether to discard or forward packets it recieves. A switch can replace a hub.Router- a multi-port device that operates on the third layer of the OSI model and uses logical addressing information to direct data between networksor segments. It connects networks.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination of them?

Hub- used if you have more than one computer and need them to be able to communicate with each other.Bridge or Switch- use a bridge or switch when you have a ast number of computers and have them connected to a network to avoid congestion.Router- used to connect a computer to the network, usually home-based single computers.

Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one or a combination of them.

Bridges and switch are most commonly found with in the business area in order to handle the high amount of traffic

there. Some hubs are still used inside the business world but are mostly seen with-in the home along with the router used to connect to most cable/internet companies. A router works well with the use of only one computer ( usually at home) and alot of people are now implementing hubs to acommadate the use of several computers with in the home trying to connect to the same network. Simply put you would see the most use of hubs and routers in the home and the use of switches or bridges in the business world.

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RE: Class Discussion Week 1


Phillip,

You said a router works well with one computer? I have three on mine and the router is showing no signs of stalling and or droped connections

Respond


Cristina Nava 4/19/2013 12:53:45 PM

Phillip,

Have you check if the router is working propertly? Because I had this issue before and my internet provider never notified me that they had updated their routers. So the technition had to come to my house and fix the problem. Besically I got a new router from them.

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Phillip Harris 4/19/2013 7:17:12 PM

I was not saying that the router was only for one computer, I was saying that it is normally found in a home and usually single computer based, not that it could only run one.

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Richard Fox 4/20/2013 1:28:51 PM

I'm just wondering if you have been around business hubs and switches and was wondering if they are a lot different that home networking items?

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Deana Dunn 4/20/2013 9:29:57 PM

Hello Phillip,

Even though a router works well with only one computer you can connect more. I have three computers connected to the router that I use and I don't have any trouble with slow speeds or freezing up.

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Class Discussion


All three devices are basic components needed to build a network however there are distinct differences between them. A Hub will allow a connection between multiple devices but will only communicate between those device plugged into it. A switch is going to do the same thing as a hub but will in most cases have more available ports, allow full duplex communication and can be segmented. A Router allows full duplex communication, does not have as many available ports as a switch but does allows access to a LAN/WAN. Routers also break up a broadcast domain and as its name implies "routes" data along the appropriate path.

A router would be installed to allow outside access to the internet, whereas a switch is going to be used for an intranet. A hub would be used in a low cost small network environment, however a low end switch would be a better choice.

I created a network for a friend a few years back for her tutorial business. At the time it was built, I used hubs instead on switches for connecting all the equipment. After this weeks reading, I wish I had invested in the switches instead.

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Misread question and forgot to address the description and usage of a bridge. A bridge is used to reduce the amounts of collisions with a single broadcast domain. It

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is a "go-between" for the hubs and routers. It is not necessary if you are using switches throughout your network.

Darrell

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Class Discussion

Vincent Wiley 4/17/2013 3:06:14 PM

Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router. Switch creates collision domains but a single broadcast domain. It basically just multiple ports bridges with more intelligence. Router provides a separate broadcast domain for each interface.it also breaks up broadcast domains and use logical address to filter the network. A bridge will reduce collision within broadcast domain and increase the number of collision domains in your network.it also will create one large broadcast domain. A hub creates one collision and one domain.

o When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? You can connect hubs to the router to create one big collision domain for all hosts. Like I stated in the previous question, you can use the bridges reduce the collision within a broadcast domain and increase number of collision domains in your network.

Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them. You need to router so you will able to connect to the internet if you are home or at work. the hubs help you to connect more than one computer.

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Vincent,

Good job on the post, I would just add that you have to be careful with hubs due to the fact that they can interfere with the speed of your network by making your collision domains larger.

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Hi Adrian,

Thanks for information i would make sure i remember that because i didn't know that.

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Vincent:

Hubs are being phased out due to that they do not provide security or collisions. There are many types of hubs available today that are simple and provide connection from one device to another. We are seeing switches in our network rooms because they can be configured on each port. That is what we will do in the course.

Describe in your scenario a business setup using the devices, if any, that we are discussing.

Professor Copeland

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Hi Vincent, you had a good response but do you think that using a hub is a good idea.

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Jimmy Wren 4/18/2013 5:32:07 PM

Hi Vincent, nice post. Hubs seem kind strange to me because of the fact that they transmit packets through out all it's ports even when the packet is intended for the destination device. If I remember this right from my last class, hubs are used when you need a dedicated bandwidth on the network. It does seem a bit confusing though because I would imagine hubs could cause a lot of congestion on a network if they aren't implemented properly.

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Class Discussion


Hubs create one collision domain and one broadcast domain. You would use a hub to connect a home network or just a couple of PC's. While bridges break up collision domain but create one large broadcast domain. Switches are multiple-port bridges with more intelligence they create separate collision domains but a single broadcast domain. Routers break up broadcast domains and use logical addressing to filter the network. They also provide a separate broadcast domain for each interface.

Switches would be used to connect a large network that needs a lot of bandwidth for it's users.

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Deana Dunn 4/20/2013 9:35:02 PM

Hello Adrian,

I agree that switches are used in businesses to connect multiple computers. The company that I used to work for had over thirty computers. Not all were connected to the internet but they were connected to ethernet because of a certain software program that they used.

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class Alberto Rodriguez 4/18/2013 8:58:03 AM


A hub is a device that connect a small network that only has one collision domain. The way it is used to communicate is by repeating the signal one usersends. the signal is then sent to each user on the network in which it will ask is this yours, if not it is dropped. The problem this can cause isif there are too many signals sent at the same time the traffic can get bogged down or lag.

A bridge sits at the network boundary and filters data on the LAN, it helps on data control by separating the collision domain into two segments.

A switch is like a hub in the sense that it sends a signal to the switch but instead of repeating the signal to the other ports it uses the MAC address of the device.What this does is create a point to point connection with each devices and not with the entire network segment. which is why switches are usually Layer two of the OSI model.

A router is a device that uses packets and IP addressing to transfer data to other network segments. Meaning that a computer on network 192.168.2.1 cannot speak or communicate with a computer on the network 192.168.1.1 unless a router is used. Some call these devices gateways which is true in a sense that with out them they cannot communicate with other networks segments or

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other networks like the internet. because they use ip address and routing protocols router are in the Network Layer of the OSI model

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them.

I would use the router and switch setup on my network model. I do this because the router can be used as a gateway for my network. while the switches will be my roadway inside my network.and while bridges seem to be a good idea switches already does this and with so much processing power. Hubs is a good idea for a starting network it just does fulfill the needs in a larger network.

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RE: class


Alberto:

Great posting! You stated that hubs fulfill the need of a larger network. Explain why since hubs provide no security. Where and why would you use hubs in a large network.

Professor Copeland

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RE: class

Alberto Rodriguez 4/19/2013 9:43:41 AM

I did not realize that I forgot to add that it does not fulfill the needs of the larger network. That is what I meant to post thank you for pointing that out for me

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RE: class

Christopher Crawford 4/20/2013 10:33:58 AM

I have to agree with you on the last question. Hubs are definitely a thing of the past and unless you are very low on money they will probably not be used as often as switches.

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class decusion 1


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Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router. a hub is the simplest of the devices the data that it sends frcm one port is sent to all computers and the computer decide if the packet is for them., a bridge is one step higher in that it looks at the packet before sending it. If the on address is not on the other side of the bridge it is not sent, a switcher one step up on bridge when a package comes in it read the package and demand what computer o send it to.\, a router is like a switcher but it use ip address When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? outer would most likely be used at home , a switcher and a bridge will most likely be used in business. Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them.You would most likely use a router at home, a switcher and a router will mostly be used in business.

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RE: class decusion 1


Janice:

Explain your answer why you use a router at home vs a router and switch at home.

(Spell check and type in Main Post for the header).

Professor Copeland

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Main Post

Edward Newcombe 4/18/2013 5:13:05 PM

There are many differences between hubs, bridges, switches, and routers. I will discuss some of these differences, as well as discuss when a particular device may be used.With a hub, frames are passed along to every port on the hub, even if a particular frame is intended for one particular destination.Switches keep track of MAC addresses of each device connected to it. In doing this, a switch is able to keep track of each system on each particular port and is able to transmit data to the particular port for the intended system or device.A router routes packets to other networks until the packet reaches it's specified destination, and typically is connected to two or more networks, such as your home network and your ISP.A bridge is similar to a hub, however, it takes into consideration the destination of a packet. Also, a bridge only has two ports whereas hubs have many ports. (http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2006/router_switch_hub.asp)My own network setup is a good example of when someone would use a router in particular. I have cable internet which comes with only a modem out of box that has only one Ethernet port to connect a device to. By including my Linksys wireless router, I am able to connect up to 5 wired systems, and several wireless devices. This gives me the ability to have a network of systems rather than only one

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device. This is great when friends and family bring their wireless devices including laptops, phones, and many other devices that utilize internet.

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RE: Main Post

Jimmy Wren 4/18/2013 5:28:13 PM

Hi Edward, nice post. I like how routers use ARP tables to figure out the best path to take for that packet to reach it's destination. The seem like computers in themselves because of the functions they can provide. They can also correct packets that didn't transmit all their data (lost information).

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RE: Main Post


Edward:

Great post! I, too, use the setup for my home network that you have described. The only other device that I have added is access points. Does anyone know what an access point is and what it does?

Professor Copeland

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RE: Main Post


The access point is a device that would give out or transmit wireless signal to your network. The Wireless Access Point doesn't have the ability to give out an IP address to your PC or to wireless devices.

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RE: Main Post


Hi Prof., Access points functions as a central junction point for wireless stations just as hubs and switches in a wired network. They also have at least one antenna, but two antenna is for better reception. APs acts as a bridge to the wired network. And they can and usually do include functions like NAT and DHCP. APs are smarter than hubs. And APs

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maintains MAC address information found within the wireless frames.

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Hubs, Switches, Bridges, & Routers


1. Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router.

a. When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them?

A network hub is a networking component that connects network segments together through a local area network (LAN). “Network hubs uses Ethernet connections to link computers together, and is also known as an Ethernet hub” (Definition of network hub, n.d.). A hub is a multiple-port repeater that receives a digital signal and reamplifies that signal and then forwards it out all active ports without inspecting any data. All devices connected to the hub are in the same broadcast domain as well as in the same collision domain. “A hub will only allow only one device per network segment to communicate at a time” (Lammle, T., 2011, p 26 - 27). I would only use a hub as a temporary fix for a broken switch until I could replace that switch; switches are better suited on a network and provide advantages over the hub device; a hub can create collisions on the network which would interfere with the networks bandwidth.

A bridge is a Layer 2 device that reads each frame as it passes through the network and puts the source hardware address into a filter table and keeps track of which port the frame was received on, and this is used to help the machine to determine where specific sending device location. Layer 2 devices propagates layer 2 broadcast storms that will choke the performance of a network. I would use a bridge to connect switch network segments together onto the network backbone. A bridge will reduce collisions within the broadcast domains and increases the collision domains on the network which provides more bandwidth for the users.

A switch is also a layer 2 device which reads each frame as it passes through the network and puts the source hardware address into filter table and keeps track of which port the frame was received on. It then forwards the frame to network segment that the destination hardware address resides. Each switch is its own collision domain and every network segment that’s plugged in can simultaneously transmit. I would use a switch to create a network segment.

A router is a layer 3 device that breaks up broadcast domains by default and works at the network layer of the OSI model. They manage the device addressing, tracks the location of network devices, and they determine the best route that data is moved. “a router must maintain a routing table for individual routed protocol because each routed protocol keeps track of a network with a

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different addressing scheme” (Lammle, T., 2011, p 21). Routers also break up collision domains. A router uses the logical address in the header of the network layer to find the next hop router for forwarding the packet to. Routers uses a access list to control the security on the types of packets that are allowed to enter or exit an interface and can provide a layer 2 bridge function if needed. They can also provide connections between virtual LANs (VLANs) and provide quality of service (QoS) for specific types of network traffic. I would use the router to connect my intranet to the internet and to help secure my network from the internet.

2. Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them.

A hub I wouldn’t use except as a temporary fix for a switch that gone bad until a new switch can be acquired.

I would use switches and bridges to form my intranet within my home or business. I would use switches to create my network segments and bridges to connect the segments into one bigger network. And these used with a router to connect the network to the internet and to secure my network from the internet.

References

Definition of network hub. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/facts_4965459_definition-network-hub.html

Lammle, T. (2011). CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (7th ed.). Wiley Publishing, Inc.: Indianapolis, IN.

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RE: Hubs, Switches, Bridges, & Routers

Desmond Mallery 4/18/2013 6:17:29 PM

That was a very detailed description of each device. good post.

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RE: Hubs, Switches, Bridges, & Routers


James:

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Great posting! Your description of the different OSI layers/devices are great information. From this point on, name the OSI layers.

Like you, I would use a hub in a networking area as a temporary fix. Can anyone tell us why we have both chosen this method?

Professor Copeland

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Week 1 Jimmy Wren 4/18/2013 5:22:36 PM

There is definitely some differences between a hub, a switch, a bridge, and a router. On a hub, when a packet is sent from one computer a hub will forward that packet out of all it's ports, all devices have the same collision and broadcast domain. A bridges separates two network segments that have the same subnet. These are used to help network congestion in that it will examine the packets sent to it and decide if it should be forwarded or not. A switch is similar to a hub in that each segment is in the same broadcast domain. On the other hand each segment has it's own broadcast domain. This helps control network traffic in that packets could be forward to the appropriate place instead of it being forward to all addresses on the network. A router is the most intelligent of all these. It is used to connect to a WAN (like the internet) and could be used to connect separate subnets or networks with different IP addresses. Routers can provide packet filtering and and packet forwarding. They can also evaluate packets and correct (re-send) data that could be lost during transmission.

A hub would be used in a scenario where you would want to have a consistent dedicated band width on a network. A bunch of host (work stations) that have similar functions could be grouped together using a hub. A switch is used in a scenario where you wouldn't want every packet being sent to the same node. It would filter out packets that doesn't belong to it and helps keep congestion down on a network. A bridge is used to connect different network segments. This could be used when you have different OS on several devices and a switch is used in order for all the devices to communicate using TCP/IP protocols. Lastly, a scenario that would require a router is one where you want your network connected to the internet.

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RE: Week 1 (reference)

Jimmy Wren 4/18/2013 5:23:54 PM

Lammle, T. (2011). CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (7th ed.). Wiley Publishing, Inc.: Indianapolis, IN.

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RE: Week 1


I can see how the scenarios you would use each device for would provide the best results. good post.

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RE: Week 1


Desmond:

Per the class posting requirements, explain your answer.

Thank you,

Professor Copeland

Respond

class discussion week 1



All hubs create one collision domain and one broadcast domain while bridges break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain. Switches are just multiple-port bridges with more intelligence, and routers break up broadcast domains and use logical addressing to filter the network.


I would use switches and bridges in a business to allow multiple computers to connect to the same network easier while I would use hubs and routers for private networks.


I would use routers and hubs for home use where one or two computers are using them to connect to the internet while I would use switches or bridges in an office building to connect multiple computers to the same network in order for things to run more smoothly and assist with the flow of data.

Lammle, T. (2011). CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study

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Guide Sevent Edition. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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RE: class discussion week 1


Desmond:

Great job (good job on the citation). Explain to us why switches have more intelligence?

Professor Copeland

Respond



Switches have more intelligence because break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain by default.

Lammle, T. (2011). CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Seventh Edition. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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Erin Palmisano 4/19/2013 12:01:36 PM

Hey, Desmond...

Great post! I use a router to connect my home PC, my laptop, and my XBox.

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Class Discussion



Hubs- create one collision domain and one broadcast domain.

Bridges- break up collision domains but create one large broadcast. They use hardware addresses to filter the network.

Switches- are really just multiple-port bridges with more intelligence. They break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain by default. Switches use hard ware addresses to filter the network.

Routers- break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to filter the network.


I would probably use a bridge and switches to allow computer to connect and communicate on the same network for businesses while I would use a router and a hub for a home network to connect to the internet.


Using a router for a home network is what allows you to connect to the internet while a hub would be used to help connect more than one computer on that network. Using a bridge and switch would be best for big businesses.

Respond



Lammle, T. (2011). CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Sevent Edition. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Respond


Erin Palmisano 4/19/2013 12:04:43 PM

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Hi, Edmond...

You have good points here. I hook up my washer and dryer, and my XBox are all hooked up in some way to my router. My husband was an IT tech a few years ago and I had no idea that this could work. How about you?

Respond



At first I didn't it could work like that either, but I ended up finding out it was possible. Most of our devices are hooked up to our router.

Respond

Main Post

Michael Hall 4/18/2013 8:58:09 PM

Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router. First you have a bridge that connects two or more networks. Second you have a router this is used to do the same job but better. The hub allows you multiple ports and segments together. Next you have switches these also can add ports and the keep the flow of packets and keep down collisions. For the most part if you have a good router that all you will need at home. In the world of business you will need routers, switches. The routers will let you connect to the networks or the internet or intranets. The switches will keep the information flowing to the nodes. A managed switch will keep out intruders and make the segments and packets have less collisions.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? As stated the home you will need a good router maybe a switch. More and more device are using the internet. I had you put in a five port switch when I got my last television. At work we have router and a twenty one post managed switch. At one time for home you just would have used a hub. And if you have a business you would use bridges for connecting multiple networks.

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Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them. At home I use the router for my wireless connections and a switch for my PlayStation 3, WII, blue ray player and my television. At work we use an router with a managed switch. We are on a single network so we need no bridge or hub.

Respond

RE: Main Post


Michael:

Good start! Explain what a managed switch is on your business network.

Professor Copeland

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RE: Managed switch

Michael Hall 4/19/2013 6:37:46 PM

The Managed switch controls the amount of data and devices that con connect to the network. We limit who can get in and what data networks they can get into. Also you my have the access level to add or take devices off line. If we had a open switch anyone on the network could gain access.

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RE: Main Post

Courtney Shepherd 4/20/2013 6:47:57 PM

Hey Micheal,Yea your post was very good. I don't know maybe I went into detail too much, but yours is very good. I love this type of thing any ways. I am fascinated by computers, networking, routing the whole works. I just recently had this problem with networking that just almost drove me crazy for almost 3 months here. I had bought a security camera system back around Christmas and was trying to get it set up, and networked into my home network. But I also wanted to be able to view the cameras live from a remote location. And I fiddled and fiddled with that thing for the past 4 months trying to get it networked, but still couldn't view the cameras remotely. This of course required the use of a router, and getting the right ports opened and so on. People kept telling me to just give up on it, that it wasn't going to be able to be done, but I couldn't

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stop trying. I finally got it to connect the other day. So I guess I'm learning something here. You sound like you're a networking enthusiast too?

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week 1 Class Discussion

Courtney Shepherd 4/19/2013 9:08:18 AM

Discuss the differenes between a hub, abridge, a switch, and a router.

Hubs classify as layer 1 device in the OSI model. Hubs do not read any of the data that passes though them and not aware of their sources or destination. Hubs just basicaly just recive incoming packets. And they boardcast their packets to all computers that are connected to them. there is three types of hubs passive, active, and intelligent. Hubs are a good thing if you needed to send the same packet to all computer on that segment.

Bridge's operate at the data link layer in the OSI model. The bridge inspects each incoming traffic and then decide's where to send it to. The bridge is somewhat like a switch that also works at layer two. Bridge's inspects the incoming frame's and the destination MAC address's.

Switch is a small device that connect's mulitable computers together on a local area network. The switch works at layer two on the OSI model. Hubs can inspect the incoming data packet as the are received. They can detreming where to send the packets. Switches can also be connected together to be able to connect a lager network of computers.

Router are used to connect and share an internet connection. Routers work at layer three on the OSI model They allow the computer to share file's and printers. Router's have firewalls and is able to filter and inspect the incoming packets and route the information to the right computer.


You would use a hub if you just wanted the computer to only send the information to every computer. The bridge would be used in the same case but you would be able to send information to the computer that

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the information needed to be sent. The switch would be used to help with the collison point and is better then a hub. Routers would be use in home or busnessis networking to comuncat and share files and the internet connection.


The hub could be used if you just wanted to send files everyone. Like in the case your boss needed to send out a memo the hub would send the memo to all computers that was connected to the hub or hubs. The Bridge would do the same but would be able to inspect the information and send the file to a certin group of computers insted of every computer. The switch work to help with the traffic flow and keep the data collision down that way you don't have doped packets as much. Router's would be use if you have a network where you needed to share one internet connection. And sharing printer's and files where the other's can't share files or internet connections.

Respond

RE: week 1 Class Discussion

Michael Hall 4/19/2013 6:42:28 PM

I like your post. It has lots of information and great examples. I do think hub have a use but the router is a better choice. As for bridges I have not use them much. Still great information. Check out my post and let me know what you think.

Respond

RE: week 1 Class Discussion

Richard Fox 4/20/2013 8:47:11 AM

I as well have not used or been around any kind of networking stuff except for home network and im not good at those either so I'm learning .

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RE: week 1 Class

Courtney Shepherd 4/20/2013 6:51:54 PM

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Discussion

Richard hi, Hey don't worry about it too much, you'll eventually get the hang of it. And once it finally hits you, you'll be so happy. At first when we first started these classes, my head would feel like it was spinning with those numbers, and the different devices, how they connect, what they were used for and so on. But when I finally figured it out, and could make sense of all of it, it was really fairly easy. And like I was telling Michael in another post, it eventually helped me to get my camera system networked properly and I was the happiest person alive when I finally got it right.

Respond

Week 1 CD



In a hub, all data packets are sent from one port to all other ports. The recipients then decide if the information is intended for them. A bridge is a little more advanced than a hub because it views the information of the packet and decides if there is a destination for the packet instead of sending it the everyone.The switch is a step up from a bridge because it has multiple ports instead of one incoming and one outgoing. It functions the same as a bridge by viewing the packet to decide if there is a recipient for it before sending.A router is even above the switch and allows for IP addresses to be used. The packets are able to be sent to the correct IP address that are most used today.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a combination, of them.

A hub would be used for a very small network, maybe two or three workstations. A small office would have a hub.A bridge would be used to seperate a network that does not transfer data often but need a connection. Small offices that have a higher budget might go for a bridge instead of a hub.The switch should be used for medium to large networks because of the many workstations so that each of them can be connected through the many ports.The router can be used almost anywhere but is most commonly used at a users home.

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RE: Week 1 CD


Good post!

This is some good information about hubs, switches, bridges, router. Especially about the hubs and bridges.

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Main Point: Week 1



Hubs classify as layer 1 Physical in the OSI model. Hubs do not read any of the data that passes through. Hubs receive incoming packets; broadcast the information packets to the PC. The three types of hubs are; passive, active, and intelligent. Hubs are devices to send the same packet to PC on that segment.

A bridge operates at the data link layer 2 in the OSI model. A bridge inspects each incoming traffic frames and the destination MAC address. The bridge is somewhat like a switch that also works at layer 2.

A switch is a small device that connects multiple PCs to a local area network. A switch works at layer 2 Data link on the OSI model. They can determine where to send the packets. Switches are also used to connect a large area network.

A router is a device that is used to connect you to the Internet. A router works at layer 3 Network on the OSI model. They allow a PC to share files and printers. A router has firewalls and is able to filter and inspect the incoming packets and route the information to the right PC.

The difference is that hubs are Physical layer devices and repeat the digital signal to all segments except the one from which it was received. Switches segment the network using hardware addresses and break up collision domains. Routers break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to send packets through an internetwork.


I would use a combination of hub, switch and router devices. Each port will provide me with the same broadcast domain with lesser collisions. If the area network is large I would use a bridge, switch and router.


I would have to use a switch and a router because without a router you can’t have a network to access the Internet. Hubs like switches are used when there is a collision or slowing the access to the Internet.

Respond

citation Cristina Nava 4/19/2013 12:49:50 PM

Lammle, Todd. (2010). CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate (Exam 640-802). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing.

Respond

RE: Main Point: Week 1


This is great information. I particular like the fact that you included which layer each of these were on.

Respond

Class Discussion week 1

Richard Fox 4/19/2013 8:33:31 PM


Hub: A hub is the simplest of these devices. Any data packet coming from one port is sent to all other ports. It is then up to the receiving computer to decide if the packet is for it. Imagine packets going through a hub as messages going into a mailing list. The mail is sent out to everyone and it is up to the receiving party to decide if it is of interest.

Bridge: A bridge goes one step up on a hub in that it looks at the destination of the packet before sending. If the destination address is not on the other side of the bridge it will not transmit the data. A bridge only has one incoming and one outgoing port.

Switch: A switch steps up on a bridge in that it has multiple ports. When a packet comes through a switch it is read to determine which computer to send the data to. This leads to increased efficiency in that packets are not going to computers that do not require them. Now the email analogy has multiple people able to send email to multiple users. The switch can decide where to send the mail based on the address. Most large networks use switches rather than hubs to connect computers within the same subnet.

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Router: A router is similar in a switch in that it forwards packets based on address. But, instead of the MAC address that a switch uses, a router can use the IP address. This allows the network to go across different protocols.


In a business and home, you would use a switch for it can connect more than a couple of PCs at a time. In your home, you would use a hub to connect a couple PCs and for troubleshooting. Also in both a business and a home, you can use a router in which will connect networks together and route packets of data from on network to another.


Routers are used for home and Business computers. Hubs are used for the internet and switches and bridges are used for businesses to help maintain a smooth running system.

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RE: Class Discussion week 1


I have to say that I disagree with any any usage of hubs in any networks in this day and age. Business is all about how fast you can get things done, and if you are using a hub, you are going to see slow-down because every time there is a collision of data, each computer in that zone must resend the packets. Switches will compensate for this just as easily. In the home, most routers have a 4 port switch built in, but you can buy a switch at your local retailer for cheap. I myself have a switch for my 8 game consoles which connects to a router that is also connected to my 2 desktop PC via Cat5e cables and 34 laptops via wireless connection.

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RE: Class Discussion week 1

Robert Magee 4/20/2013 11:52:11 PM

Richard,

Don't take this the wrong way, we all do it in some form or another and I am certaintly not trying to give you a headache over it, lol. But if you're going to use material almost word for word that you found online at least give credit where credit is due.

http://www.nutt.net/2004/11/20/difference-in-hub-switch-bridge-router/

Anyway in a home or small business where you would only have a couple of desktops it would be easier to skip the hub altogether, just use a NIC in each machine and Daisy chain them together. Nowdays with laptops and Win XP or

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newer it is real easy to share the info from each machine wirelessly with out all the hassle. Good Job.

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Wk 1 disc


Discuss the differences between a hub, a bridge, a switch, and a router. A hub

increases the number of connections within a given collision zone. A bridge will separate

collision domains. Switches perform the same task as abridge, but with many more

available ports. Routers have the ability to separate and manage Broadcast domains.

When and why would you use each one, or a combination, of them? To be honest, I

see no point these days in a hub. With all the congestion that hubs add to you network, I

would just as soon use switches along with the router.

Describe and discuss scenarios where you would need to use each one, or a

combination, of them. In a home setting, You really only need a router. In a business

setting, if you are going to have a network of computers, especially if you are going to

have multiple networks then you would want to have a combination of switches and a

router.

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RE: Wk 1 disc


I see that I made my post befor reading the directional post at the beginning of the thread. This will not happen again. My apologies.

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Main Post

Markeith Seals 4/20/2013 1:54:39 PM


Hub sends every packet to every computer. Bridge looks at destination before sending packets. Switches send data to only the computer that requires the data. Routers forwards packets based on addresses.


You would use a hub on a small network where there is low amount of data going across. Bridge would be used for a network that doesn’t need to communicate often. Switches are used to connect computers within the same subnet. Routers are used in homes to share internet connection.


Respond

Class discussion week 1

Deana Dunn 4/20/2013 9:25:09 PM



Hubs are physical layer devices and repeat the digital signal to all segments except the one from

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which it is received.

Bridges break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain.

Switches segment the network using hardware addresses and break up collision domains.

Routers break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to send packets through an internetwork.


Switches and bridges are used in businesses so they can connect multiple computers and communicate with each other.

Hubs and routers would be used in a home for internet connections.

Reference: Lammle, Todd. (2011). CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (Exam 640-802). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing.

Respond

Main post:

Robert Magee 4/20/2013 9:42:55 PM


A hub connects a wide variety of Ethernet devices together to make an entire LAN and is one of the basic hardware devices in a wired network. A bridge is a type of switch that has a single connection port. A switch has the job of connecting smaller segments of a single network into a larger intranet. A router is what is used to connect two or more computing networks. It has the responsibility of controlling the inter network data traffic. It is a highly intelligent device with embedded software that is used to control the flow of data packets across diverse networks.


While the hub could be considered the basics for connecting all of your devices together within your network it has many drawbacks. A hub can’t identify the source or intended destination of the information

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it receives, so it sends the information to all of the computers connected to it, including the one that sent it. While a hub can send or receive information, it can’t do both at the same time. This makes hubs slower than switches. In my opinion it is better to scrap the hub and use a switch and use a router.


A computer network connected to the Internet is designed to be a self regulating network that can guarantee the transmission of data to right destinations and regulate overall data transfer. The network can be primarily divided into two types of devices which are terminals and control elements or connecting devices. Hubs are ok for smaller networks but insecure so I would use a switch instead. Bridges are similar to switches and both operate at the Data Link layer and both can filter data so that only the appropriate segment or host receives a transmission. Bridges are usually used for distance Switches have better filtering capabilities. Routers are sort of self explanatory, they are used to connect networks to each other.

References:

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/router-vs-switch-vs-hub-vs-bridge.html

http://www.nutt.net/2004/11/20/difference-in-hub-switch-bridge-router/

Lammle, Todd. (2010). CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Studey Guide (Exam 640-802). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing.

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