Weed Control For Caneberries or

Why I fail at weed control, and what to do about it! Science, OSU Doug Doohan

Doohan.1@osu.edu The Ohio State University

330 202 3593

Impacts on Brambles • Reported as one of the most important factors

limiting yield. But WHAT does science tell us? • Primocane density was still higher after 3-growing

seasons when weeds were well controlled in the first. (Trinka & Pritts 1992)

• Yield reduced by 18 – 40% by inadequate weed control in planting year. (Harkins et al. 2014)

• Hidden effects on disease & insect incidence.

Characteristics of Weeds

• Diversity & density can be astounding • Adaptations enable species to survive • Adapted to co-exist with the crop • Modify behavior to cope with weed control • Germination, emergence and reproduction

is environmentally timed. • Impact on crops almost always

underestimated

3 things that make or break weed control

• site preparation

• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate

• Preventing re-infestation

Site preparation starts 2 years before planting-

• Fallow (sod):

• Tillage to break dormancy in rhizomes/ rootstocks

• Glyphosate (+ Stinger) on regrowth; repeat as needed

• Fall-seeded Cover • Roundup Ready Crops: up to 3

applications/ year 60-75 days apart

• Seeding of permanent inter-row covers

stage of growth - CT: early bloom or rosette stage in fall - QG: 4 to 5 leaf stage to heading - BW: early bloom

1 to 2 qt/A, in 8-12 GPA - fall best - till 4-7 days later

Credit: igrow.org

Inter-row Cover Crops • Tall/ hard fescue (can take

more than 1 year to fully establish) – Late summer/ early fall – 50 - 75 lb/A/ 25 – 50 lb/A – Include a trace of perennial

ryegrass – 50 lb N/ A at seeding/ spring

• Bed Formation/ Irrigation • In-row

– Perennial rye

Weed Control 2,4-D Gallery Roundup Gallery + Surflan

Weed Control Strategies

Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem

Bark

Cultivation

Fabric

Straw Weedy Ctrl

Hand Weed Ctrl

Common chickweed Mouse-ear chickweed Purslane Prostrate Spurge

White clover Common violet Knotweed

www2.sluh.org informedfarmers.com wildflowers.jdcc.edu www.fmcturfwire.com

tangsphoto.photoshelter.com http://www.worldcrops.org/crops/Verdolaga.cfm oregonstate.edu http://www.garden-allotment.com/2012_05_01_archive.html

Yellow Woodsorrel Broadleaf Plantain Buckhorn Plantain Curly Dock Dandelion

Annual sow thistle Canada thistle Milky thistle Perennial sow thistle Common thistle

Transplanting Year Weeds Timing Trade

Name Rate PHI Notes

Spring/Fall Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 2-3 DAT Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -

Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 14 DAT Surflan 2-4 qt/A -

Postemergence Grasses & broadleaf Anytime Gramoxone 2-3 pt/A - Grasses 2 to 8" tall Poast 2 pt/A 45 days Grasses 2 to 8" tall Select Max 9-16 oz 7 days

Fall Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100 lb/A 1 month

Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Roundup 1-3 qt/A 14 days

Established Planting (use all of the above) Weeds Timing Trade

Name Rate PHI

Preemergence

Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100-150 lb/A 1 month

Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Karmex 3 lb/A -

Grasses & broadleaf Late fall/Early spring Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -

Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Solicam 2.5-5 lb/A 60 days

Grasses & broadleaf Early spring Surflan 2-4 qt/A -

Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Princep 2.5-5 lb/A Fruit not Present

Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Sinbar 1-2 lb/A 70 days

Postemergence

Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Glyphosate 1-3 qt/A 14 days

Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Paraquat 2-3 pt/A -

Grasses Grasses 2 to 8" tall Sethoxydim 2 pt/A 1 year

Ward & Majek, 2007

Ward & Majek, 2007

Herbicides - choice & timing

• Poast – 1-2.5 pt/A

• 7 day PHI

Select Max

Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem

Weed-free zone 18-24” each side of row.

Credit: rayshorticulture.blogspot.com

Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate

Implications • Activation of herbicides • Leaching/ loss

of control

Ward & Majek, 2007

New herbicides

Weeds Timing of Treatment Trade Name Rate PHI

Broadleaf weeds Pre-bloom Callisto 6 fl oz/A -

Broadleafs and grasses 2nd Year Pre & early Post Matrix 4 oz/A 21 days

Broadleafs and nutsedges

2nd Year Pre & early Post Sandea 1/2-1 oz/A 14 days

Broadleafs, grass and sedge weeds

3rd Year Post (up to 3” Tall)

Zeus Prime XC 15.2 oz/A 3 days

Weed Communities Change with Time

Seasonal Emergence of Common Weed Species

CC DN

NS FT

CR PC

RD

0

40

80

120

3/18 4/18

5/18 6/18

7/18 8/18

9/18

Num

ber

of se

edlin

gs/m

2

Date

CC DN NS FT CR PC RD

Breth & Tee 2013

Overtime expect perennials to predominate • Reinfestation • Re-establishment Cleanup Plan Required

Cleanup Plan Required • Maintain alley

ways • 2,4-D

• Spot Sprays • Matrix • Sandea • Zeus Prime XC

Credit: ntf.no-tillfarmer.com

Weed Terrorists

Dispersal & prevention of weeds

1 weed or 1 million weed seeds?

Brambles Pre Plant Sod Kill

(year before) Glyphosate & 2,4-D

At Planting

Princep (1/2 rate)/ Surflan / Devrinol/

Callisto

Early Fall Princep (1/2 rate)

Late Fall Casoron ?/ Solicam

Spring Harvest Yr Matrix/ Sinbar/Callisto/ Karmex

Summer Sandea (14 d PHI) Sinbar/ Princep

Fall Sinbar/ Prinep/Karmex/ Sandia

Late Fall Casoron/ Solicam

Spring 2nd Harvest Zeus Prime XC

3 things that make or break weed control

• site preparation

• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate

• Preventing re-infestation

Weed Control in Small Fruit Crops

Funding & Support • American Berry Coop • Nourse Farms • OSUE • ODA • IR-4 Program • DuPont, FMC, Bayer,

Syngenta, BASF • Maurer Farms,

Moreland Fruit Farm