1
Wednesday, January 22, 2020 Winner Advocate, page 9 NOTICE OF DEADLINE FOR FILING NOMINATING PETI- TIONS FOR THE PRIMARY ELECTION AND FOR FILING INDEPENDENT CAN- DIDATE PETITIONS The deadline for filing nominating peti- tions for the primary election is March 31, 2020 at 5:00 p.m. central time. If a petition is mailed by registered mail by March 31, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. central time, it is considered filed. The deadline for filing nominating peti- tions to run as an independent candidate in the general election is April 28, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. central time. If a petition is mailed by regis- tered mail by April 28, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. cen- tral time, it is considered filed. For the offices of County Commissioner District 2, County Commissioner District 4, County State’s At- torney, County Coroner, County Treasurer/Fi- nance Office, nominating petitions must be filed in the office of the Tripp County Auditor, and nominating petitions for the offices of U.S. Senator, U.S. Representative, Public Utilities Commissioner, State Senator District 21 and State Representative District 21 must be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State, State Capitol Building, Pierre, SD 57501. The deadline for filing nominating peti- tions to run as an independent candidate for president in the general election is August 4, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. central time. If a petition is mailed by registered mail by August 4, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. central time, it is considered filed. Nominating petitions for the offices of County Commissioner District 2, County Commissioner District 4, County State’s At- torney, County Coroner, County Treasurer/ Fi- nance Office, Statement to be filed by persons wishing to fill the position of Precinct Com- mitteeman and Committeewoman for the Democratic and Republican must be filed in the office of the Tripp county auditor during regular business hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. central time. Nominating petitions for the offices of U.S. Senator, U.S. Representative, State Senator District 21 and State Represen- tative District 21 must be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State, State Capitol Building, Pierre, SD 57501, between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. central time. /s/ Barbara DeSersa, Tripp County Auditor Published January 22 & 29, 2020 at a total approximate cost of $41.76 (4-5) NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING FOR SPECIAL EVENT ON-SALE LIQUOR LICENSE NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City Council of the City of Winner, South Dakota, in the City Council Chambers at 325 Monroe St. of said City of Winner will meet in regular session to consider the special event application for RETAIL ON-SALE LIQUOR LICENSE at the following location, which has been presented to the governing body and filed with the City Finance Officer. Said hearing to be held at 6:35PM on the 3rd Day of February 2020. From: BPO Elks Lodge 410 S. Main Win- ner, South Dakota To: St Mary’s Hall 305 W. 3rd St. Winner, Tripp County, South Dakota Special event to be for the days of Saturday the 4th and Sunday the 5th of April 2020. Pur- pose is for a wedding. NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN that any person, persons or their representative may ap- pear and give testimony on this matter. Dated this 21st Day of January Chandra Weidner Finance Officer Publish: January 22nd, 2020 For any public notice that is published one time: Published once at the approximate cost of $13.32 (4) NOTICE OF FORFEITURE OF CAPITAL CREDITS GOLDEN WEST TELECOMMUNICA- TIONS Dated this January 17, 2020 By: /s/ Jeff Nielsen, President ATTEST: By: /s/ Kenneth Tonsager, Jr. You are hereby notified that you have failed to claim capital credits to which you are entitled to receive for the year 2013. You are further notified that, pursuant to SDCL 47-16-54, said capital credits will be forfeited to the Cooperative unless claimed by you, with proper evidence of owner- ship, within six months of the first publication of this notice, or not later than July 31, 2020. Tobin Law Offices. For more information, call 1-855-888- 7777. Published once at the approximated cost of $9.36 (4) Colton Hall/Winner Advocate Photo Makayla Shippy drives in for a lay-up against Jones County on Tuesday, Jan. 14. Also pictured is Baylie Hoffine (15), Clarissa Ringing Shield, and Saydee Heath. A bipartisan win By Sen. John Thune The Republican-led Senate, the Democrat-led House of Representa- tives, and the president all agree: the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) will modern- ize the longstanding trade relation- ship with South Dakota’s top trading partners and help take us further into the 21st century. I’m relieved that after more than a year of unnecessary delay by House Democrats, the Senate recently voted 89 to 10 to send this bipartisan deal to the president. From my position as a senior member of the Finance Committee, I personally advocated for USMCA for more than a year now, and I will never stop advocating for South Dakota’s hardworking farmers and ranchers, who, I hope, can breathe a little easier knowing it will soon be signed into law. Mexico has already approved the deal, and Canada is standing ready. USMCA will soon bring greater cer- tainty to the entire U.S. economy, particularly the agriculture economy, which has faced numerous chal- lenges over the last few years. The benefits of USMCA are clear. It’s expected to create hundreds of thousands of new jobs, raise wages, contribute tens of millions of dollars to the economy, boost U.S. dairy ex- ports by more than $277 million, and expand market access for U.S. poul- try, egg, and wheat producers. It’s also expected to strengthen every- thing from manufacturing to digital services to the automotive industry. It’s not a perfect agreement, but for South Dakota, USMCA is a big win. USMCA isn’t the only trade win for South Dakota farmers and ranch- ers. The “phase one” trade deal with China is now in effect, and I was honored to be at the White House for the signing ceremony. While the United States needs to ensure China actually holds up its end of the deal, the phase one provisions will signif- icantly increase demand for Ameri- can agriculture products – soybeans in particular. Reopening this market for South Dakota’s farmers is an im- portant and timely win. Neither one of these trade deals will be a cure-all that wipes away farm country’s pain and suffering, even though that’s what farmers and ranchers deserve after years of sig- nificant unease. They will take mean- ingful steps, though, to help turn the tide and make tomorrow a little brighter than today. There’s no doubt that USMCA is a win for South Dakota agriculture, and Congress and the administration should continue to pursue pro- growth, pro-agriculture policies. I re- main committed to ensuring the agriculture community gets the sup- port it needs to continue its mission of feeding the world, one row of South Dakota soybeans or corn at a time. Noem recognizes tribal groups Governor Kristi Noem this week attended the State-Tribal Relations Awards Ceremony where she pre- sented certificates of commendation to two tribal groups who have done "extraordinary work" to combat the flow of drugs in their communities. Certificates of commendation were awarded to the Rosebud Sioux Tribe Tokala Inajinyo Youth Group for their presentation at the Tribal Meth Summit on the impact meth has had on their community; and to the Sisseton-Wahpeton United Veterans Association for their advocacy and foot and mobile patrols that have re- sulted in reduced meth use on the reservation. "I'm so grateful that these groups are taking action to protect their com- munities," said Governor Kristi Noem. "Taking action isn't always easy, but it is necessary. I'm very proud of the work they're doing." "These commendable actions dis- play our peoples' bravery, loyalty, duty, and service," said David Flute, Secretary of the Department of Tribal Relations. "They should be very proud of what they've accomplished, and I hope their work inspires other groups to step up in their communi- ties." "I am thankful that Governor Noem and Secretary Flute honored the efforts of these groups to combat methamphetamine use in our home- lands," said State Senator Troy Hein- ert, Senate Minority Leader. "They are on the frontlines against this epi- demic and need our support and recognition." Following the awards ceremony, tribal members presented Noem with a ribbon skirt and pin to recognize her work on the issue of missing and murdered indigenous women. "Receiving this beautifully intri- cate skirt is a tremendous honor," said Noem. "I will continue working with all of you and other tribal lead- ers to highlight the issues facing your communities and creating policy to protect the most vulnerable among us." Dan Bechtold/Winner Advocate Photo Joren Bruun, center, jumps in the air to take a shot in the game with Valentine. A serious cold weather risk When temperatures drop below 30 degrees (Fahrenheit), farmers, ranch- ers and anyone working outside are at risk to incur frostbite, trench foot and/or chilblains. This is especially true when cold is combined with wind. Cold weather conditions are the most common cause of frostbite, al- though direct contact with ice, frozen metal or very cold liquids can also lead to frostbite. Trench foot is a type of tissue damage brought on by prolonged ex- posure to cold and wet conditions. It leads to swelling, pain and sensory disturbances in the feet. Chilblains are the painful inflam- mation of small blood vessels in the skin that occur in response to re- peated exposure to cold but not freez- ing air. Also referred to as pernio, chilblains can cause itching, red patches, swelling and blistering on hands and feet. Aaron Yoder, Environmental, As- sociate Professor for Agricultural and Occupational Health at the Univer- sity of Nebraska Medical Center, says farmers and ranchers can avoid these serious cold weather illnesses by recognizing their symptoms and understanding how to respond if ei- ther frostbite, trench foot or chilblains occur. “Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose and ears are the areas where frostbite typ- ically occurs,” Yoder says. “Once skin has been frostbitten, it may look white or grayish yellow. It may feel cold, hard, and maybe waxy to the touch.” Persons with frostbitten skin will experience numbness of the area, aching, tingling and stinging. Appro- priate first aid response includes find- ing a warm room or shelter (i.e. a vehicle) as soon as possible. If your feet or toes are frostbitten, avoid walking, which can lead to further tissue damage. “Soak the affected area(s) in warm but not hot water,” Yoder says. “Avoid rubbing the affected area be- cause that could cause tissue damage. Use a soft cloth the wrap the affected area, but don’t use a heating pad, fire- place or radiator for warming the frostbitten area. If there’s a chance the area could be refrozen, don’t warm it.” Minor frostbite can be treated at home. Serious frostbite may involve rewarming, medications, wound care, surgery and other various therapies. If frostbite is severe enough to warrant a physician’s care, provide the doctor with the following infor- mation to assist in developing a treat- ment plan: 1. List all signs and symptoms you’re experiencing. 2. Document the length of time you have experienced the symptoms. 3. List key medical information, including all other medical condi- tions, prescribed medications, OTC medications and supplements. 4. Document the date of your last tetanus shot. Frostbite increases the risk of tetanus. If it’s been more than 10 years since your last tetanus vac- cination, your doctor may recom- mend a tetanus vaccination. 5. List all the questions you have for your doctor about what to expect, such as: a. Are tests need to confirm a di- agnosis of frostbite? b. What are my treatment options; what are the pros and cons of each option? c. What results can I expect? d. What skin care routines do you recommend during my healing process? e. What kind of follow-up should I expect? f. What changes should I look for in my skin? In addition to rewarming, a physi- cian may use oral pain medicine to ease the pain of rewarming a frost- bitten area. Once the skin thaws, the doctor may loosely wrap the area with sterile sheets, towels or dress- ings to protect the skin while it heals. The affected area may need to be el- evated to reduce swelling. To properly heal, a frostbitten are must be free of damaged, dead or in- fected tissue. It’s possible that dam- aged tissue cannot be removed for one to three months. Whirlpool (hydrotherapy) or physical therapy may be included in frostbite treatment. Hydrotherapy aids healing by keeping skin clean and by naturally removing dead tis- sue. If the skin or blisters appear in- fected, infection fighting drugs may be prescribed. In the most serious frostbite cases, within the first 24 hours, clot-busting drugs may be used to help restore blood flow to the area. Severe frost- bite treatment may also require sur- gery or amputation to remove dead or decaying tissue. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also be used, although the value of this treatment for frost- bite is still be studied. Following frostbite, both pre- scribed and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs should be used to help combat pain. Some people may find it helpful to apply aloe vera gel or lotion sev- eral times per day to the affected area. All exposure to cold and wind should be avoided. No rings should be worn on frostbitten fingers and no other kinds of tight items should be worn. In the case of frostbitten feet, don’t walk on them, don’t apply di- rect heat or rub the area. If blisters develop, don’t break them as they act as a bandage. They will break on their own. In trench foot, which is typically less severe than frostbite, victims may experience reddening of the skin, numbness, leg cramps and swelling. They may also have tin- gling pain, blisters or ulcers, bleed- ing under the skin and gangrene. To treat trench foot, remove shoes or boots and wet socks. Dry the feet. Avoid walking to reduce the risk of damage to foot tissue. Areas most susceptible to chilblains are the toes, fingers, ears, and nose. When chilblains occur, symptoms include redness, blister- ing, itching, inflammation and (in se- vere cases) ulceration. To treat chilblains, avoid scratch- ing the affected area. Slowly warm the skin and use corticosteroid creams to relieve itching and swelling. If blisters and ulcers are present, they should be kept clean and covered. The most effective treatment for these cold-related illnesses is preven- tion, beginning with appropriate dress. “When you’re working outdoors, wear a minimum of three layers of clothing,” Yoder says. “An outer layer to break the wind, a middle layer to retain insulation and an inner layer that allows for ventilation. Have a change of clothes available in case your garments become wet.” Since 40% of body heat can be lost through the head, protecting the head and face in cold weather condi- tions is critical. Feet should be pro- tected from cold and dampness by wearing layered socks inside com- fortable, insulated footwear. Insu- lated gloves protect hands and dexterity, which is affected by tem- peratures below 59 degrees (Fahren- heit). On-site sources of heat, such as radiant heaters and air jets, can help provide protective warmth. Anyone experiencing prolonged exposure to wind chill temperatures below 20 de- grees (Fahrenheit) should have ac- cess to a heater shelter or vehicle. Reducing drafty or windy areas within buildings will help shield work areas. When temperatures drop below 30 degrees (Fahrenheit), ther- mal insulating material on equipment handles will help protect your hands from excessive cold. Avoid sitting or kneeling on cold, unprotected sur- faces. “Anyone suffering with ongoing medical conditions may need to take special precautions when working in the cold,” Yoder says. “Check with your physician to determine if any of your prescription medications might affect you when you work in cold conditions.” Since alcohol and drugs can in- crease heat loss and impair judgment, never use these substances when working in a cold environment. Know the signs and symptoms of cold-induced conditions and know the appropriate first-aid response to them. “Anytime you experience heavy shivering, severe fatigue, drowsiness, or signs of cold-induced illness, seek warm shelter immediately,” Yoder says. “Avoid tasks that cause you to sweat, as that will quickly rob your body of heat.” Warm, caffeine and alcohol-free beverages can be used to help main- tain energy and body heat. Staying in good physical condition also helps prevent cold-related illness. “Farm and ranch managers need to take precautions to keep workers safe during cold and/or wet weather, too,” Yoder says. “Allow them to complete their work at a comfortable pace, taking extra breaks if necessary. Always have workers doing jobs in teams during cold weather to help keep an eye on one another.” When possible, farm managers should schedule outdoor work during the warmest part of the day, or move a job to an enclose area. Workers should be discouraged from sitting or standing in prolonged periods during cold weather. “If your employees aren’t accus- tomed to cold weather conditions, allow them to acclimate themselves to it before they begin a task,” Yoder adds. Deadlines for the Winner Advocate are Friday at 5 p.m.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020 Winner Advocate, page 9 A ......2020/01/21  · (15), Clarissa Ringing Shield, and Saydee Heath. A bipartisan win By Sen. John Thune The Republican-led

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Page 1: Wednesday, January 22, 2020 Winner Advocate, page 9 A ......2020/01/21  · (15), Clarissa Ringing Shield, and Saydee Heath. A bipartisan win By Sen. John Thune The Republican-led

Wednesday, January 22, 2020 Winner Advocate, page 9

NOTICE OFDEADLINE

FOR FILING NOMINATING PETI-TIONS FOR THE PRIMARY ELECTIONAND FOR FILING INDEPENDENT CAN-DIDATE PETITIONS

The deadline for filing nominating peti-tions for the primary election is March 31,2020 at 5:00 p.m. central time. If a petition ismailed by registered mail by March 31, 2020,at 5:00 p.m. central time, it is considered filed.

The deadline for filing nominating peti-tions to run as an independent candidate in thegeneral election is April 28, 2020, at 5:00 p.m.central time. If a petition is mailed by regis-tered mail by April 28, 2020, at 5:00 p.m. cen-tral time, it is considered filed. For the officesof County Commissioner District 2, CountyCommissioner District 4, County State’s At-torney, County Coroner, County Treasurer/Fi-nance Office, nominating petitions must befiled in the office of the Tripp County Auditor,and nominating petitions for the offices of U.S.Senator, U.S. Representative, Public UtilitiesCommissioner, State Senator District 21 andState Representative District 21 must be filedin the Office of the Secretary of State, StateCapitol Building, Pierre, SD 57501.

The deadline for filing nominating peti-tions to run as an independent candidate forpresident in the general election is August 4,2020, at 5:00 p.m. central time. If a petition ismailed by registered mail by August 4, 2020,at 5:00 p.m. central time, it is considered filed.

Nominating petitions for the offices ofCounty Commissioner District 2, CountyCommissioner District 4, County State’s At-torney, County Coroner, County Treasurer/ Fi-nance Office, Statement to be filed by personswishing to fill the position of Precinct Com-mitteeman and Committeewoman for the

Democratic and Republican must be filed inthe office of the Tripp county auditor duringregular business hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00p.m. central time. Nominating petitions for theoffices of U.S. Senator, U.S. Representative,State Senator District 21 and State Represen-tative District 21 must be filed in the Office ofthe Secretary of State, State Capitol Building,Pierre, SD 57501, between the hours of 8:00a.m. and 5:00 p.m. central time.

/s/ Barbara DeSersa, Tripp County AuditorPublished January 22 & 29, 2020 at atotal approximate cost of $41.76

(4-5)

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

FOR SPECIAL EVENT ON-SALELIQUOR LICENSE

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that theCity Council of the City of Winner, SouthDakota, in the City Council Chambers at 325Monroe St. of said City of Winner will meet inregular session to consider the special eventapplication for RETAIL ON-SALE LIQUORLICENSE at the following location, which hasbeen presented to the governing body and filedwith the City Finance Officer. Said hearing tobe held at 6:35PM on the 3rd Day of February2020.

From: BPO Elks Lodge 410 S. Main Win-ner, South Dakota

To: St Mary’s Hall 305 W. 3rd St. Winner,Tripp County, South Dakota

Special event to be for the days of Saturday

the 4th and Sunday the 5th of April 2020. Pur-pose is for a wedding.

NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN that anyperson, persons or their representative may ap-pear and give testimony on this matter.

Dated this 21st Day of January Chandra WeidnerFinance OfficerPublish: January 22nd, 2020 For any public notice that is published one

time:Published once at the approximate cost of

$13.32 (4)

NOTICE OF FORFEITURE OF CAPITAL CREDITS

GOLDEN WEST TELECOMMUNICA-TIONS

Dated this January 17, 2020By: /s/ Jeff Nielsen, PresidentATTEST: By:/s/ Kenneth Tonsager, Jr. You are hereby notified that you have

failed to claim capital credits to which you areentitled to receive for the year 2013. You

are further notified that, pursuant toSDCL 47-16-54, said capital credits will

be forfeited to the Cooperative unless claimedby you, with proper evidence of owner-

ship, within six months of the first publicationof this notice, or not later than July 31,

2020. Tobin Law Offices. For more information, call 1-855-888-

7777.Published once at the approximated cost of

$9.36 (4)

Colton Hall/Winner Advocate PhotoMakayla Shippy drives in for a lay-up against Jones County on Tuesday, Jan. 14. Also pictured is Baylie Hoffine(15), Clarissa Ringing Shield, and Saydee Heath.

A bipartisan winBy Sen. John Thune

The Republican-led Senate, theDemocrat-led House of Representa-tives, and the president all agree: theUnited States-Mexico-CanadaAgreement (USMCA) will modern-ize the longstanding trade relation-ship with South Dakota’s top tradingpartners and help take us further intothe 21st century. I’m relieved that after more than a

year of unnecessary delay by HouseDemocrats, the Senate recently voted89 to 10 to send this bipartisan dealto the president. From my position asa senior member of the FinanceCommittee, I personally advocatedfor USMCA for more than a yearnow, and I will never stop advocatingfor South Dakota’s hardworkingfarmers and ranchers, who, I hope,can breathe a little easier knowing itwill soon be signed into law. Mexico has already approved the

deal, and Canada is standing ready.USMCA will soon bring greater cer-

tainty to the entire U.S. economy,particularly the agriculture economy,which has faced numerous chal-lenges over the last few years. The benefits of USMCA are clear.

It’s expected to create hundreds ofthousands of new jobs, raise wages,contribute tens of millions of dollarsto the economy, boost U.S. dairy ex-ports by more than $277 million, andexpand market access for U.S. poul-try, egg, and wheat producers. It’salso expected to strengthen every-thing from manufacturing to digitalservices to the automotive industry.It’s not a perfect agreement, but forSouth Dakota, USMCA is a big win.USMCA isn’t the only trade win

for South Dakota farmers and ranch-ers. The “phase one” trade deal withChina is now in effect, and I washonored to be at the White House forthe signing ceremony. While theUnited States needs to ensure Chinaactually holds up its end of the deal,the phase one provisions will signif-

icantly increase demand for Ameri-can agriculture products – soybeansin particular. Reopening this marketfor South Dakota’s farmers is an im-portant and timely win.Neither one of these trade deals

will be a cure-all that wipes awayfarm country’s pain and suffering,even though that’s what farmers andranchers deserve after years of sig-nificant unease. They will take mean-ingful steps, though, to help turn thetide and make tomorrow a littlebrighter than today.There’s no doubt that USMCA is a

win for South Dakota agriculture,and Congress and the administrationshould continue to pursue pro-growth, pro-agriculture policies. I re-main committed to ensuring theagriculture community gets the sup-port it needs to continue its missionof feeding the world, one row ofSouth Dakota soybeans or corn at atime.

Noem recognizes tribal groupsGovernor Kristi Noem this week

attended the State-Tribal RelationsAwards Ceremony where she pre-sented certificates of commendationto two tribal groups who have done"extraordinary work" to combat theflow of drugs in their communities.Certificates of commendation

were awarded to the Rosebud SiouxTribe Tokala Inajinyo Youth Groupfor their presentation at the TribalMeth Summit on the impact meth hashad on their community; and to theSisseton-Wahpeton United VeteransAssociation for their advocacy andfoot and mobile patrols that have re-sulted in reduced meth use on thereservation."I'm so grateful that these groups

are taking action to protect their com-munities," said Governor KristiNoem. "Taking action isn't alwayseasy, but it is necessary. I'm veryproud of the work they're doing.""These commendable actions dis-

play our peoples' bravery, loyalty,duty, and service," said David Flute,Secretary of the Department of TribalRelations. "They should be veryproud of what they've accomplished,and I hope their work inspires othergroups to step up in their communi-ties.""I am thankful that Governor

Noem and Secretary Flute honoredthe efforts of these groups to combatmethamphetamine use in our home-lands," said State Senator Troy Hein-

ert, Senate Minority Leader. "Theyare on the frontlines against this epi-demic and need our support andrecognition."Following the awards ceremony,

tribal members presented Noem witha ribbon skirt and pin to recognizeher work on the issue of missing andmurdered indigenous women."Receiving this beautifully intri-

cate skirt is a tremendous honor,"said Noem. "I will continue workingwith all of you and other tribal lead-ers to highlight the issues facing yourcommunities and creating policy toprotect the most vulnerable amongus."

Dan Bechtold/Winner Advocate PhotoJoren Bruun, center, jumps in the air to take a shot in the game with Valentine.

A serious cold weather riskWhen temperatures drop below 30

degrees (Fahrenheit), farmers, ranch-ers and anyone working outside areat risk to incur frostbite, trench footand/or chilblains. This is especiallytrue when cold is combined withwind.Cold weather conditions are the

most common cause of frostbite, al-though direct contact with ice, frozenmetal or very cold liquids can alsolead to frostbite.Trench foot is a type of tissue

damage brought on by prolonged ex-posure to cold and wet conditions. Itleads to swelling, pain and sensorydisturbances in the feet.Chilblains are the painful inflam-

mation of small blood vessels in theskin that occur in response to re-peated exposure to cold but not freez-ing air. Also referred to as pernio,chilblains can cause itching, redpatches, swelling and blistering onhands and feet.Aaron Yoder, Environmental, As-

sociate Professor for Agricultural andOccupational Health at the Univer-sity of Nebraska Medical Center,says farmers and ranchers can avoidthese serious cold weather illnessesby recognizing their symptoms andunderstanding how to respond if ei-ther frostbite, trench foot orchilblains occur.“Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose and

ears are the areas where frostbite typ-ically occurs,” Yoder says. “Onceskin has been frostbitten, it may lookwhite or grayish yellow. It may feelcold, hard, and maybe waxy to thetouch.”Persons with frostbitten skin will

experience numbness of the area,aching, tingling and stinging. Appro-priate first aid response includes find-ing a warm room or shelter (i.e. avehicle) as soon as possible. If yourfeet or toes are frostbitten, avoidwalking, which can lead to furthertissue damage.“Soak the affected area(s) in warm

but not hot water,” Yoder says.“Avoid rubbing the affected area be-cause that could cause tissue damage.Use a soft cloth the wrap the affectedarea, but don’t use a heating pad, fire-place or radiator for warming thefrostbitten area. If there’s a chancethe area could be refrozen, don’twarm it.”Minor frostbite can be treated at

home. Serious frostbite may involverewarming, medications, wound care,surgery and other various therapies.If frostbite is severe enough to

warrant a physician’s care, providethe doctor with the following infor-mation to assist in developing a treat-ment plan:1. List all signs and symptoms

you’re experiencing.2. Document the length of time

you have experienced the symptoms.3. List key medical information,

including all other medical condi-tions, prescribed medications, OTCmedications and supplements.4. Document the date of your last

tetanus shot. Frostbite increases therisk of tetanus. If it’s been more than10 years since your last tetanus vac-cination, your doctor may recom-mend a tetanus vaccination.5. List all the questions you have

for your doctor about what to expect,such as:

a. Are tests need to confirm a di-agnosis of frostbite?b. What are my treatment options;

what are the pros and cons of eachoption?c. What results can I expect?d. What skin care routines do you

recommend during my healingprocess?e. What kind of follow-up should

I expect?f. What changes should I look for

in my skin?In addition to rewarming, a physi-

cian may use oral pain medicine toease the pain of rewarming a frost-bitten area. Once the skin thaws, thedoctor may loosely wrap the areawith sterile sheets, towels or dress-ings to protect the skin while it heals.The affected area may need to be el-evated to reduce swelling.To properly heal, a frostbitten are

must be free of damaged, dead or in-fected tissue. It’s possible that dam-aged tissue cannot be removed forone to three months.Whirlpool (hydrotherapy) or

physical therapy may be included infrostbite treatment. Hydrotherapyaids healing by keeping skin cleanand by naturally removing dead tis-sue. If the skin or blisters appear in-fected, infection fighting drugs maybe prescribed. In the most serious frostbite cases,

within the first 24 hours, clot-bustingdrugs may be used to help restoreblood flow to the area. Severe frost-bite treatment may also require sur-gery or amputation to remove dead ordecaying tissue. Hyperbaric oxygentherapy may also be used, althoughthe value of this treatment for frost-bite is still be studied.Following frostbite, both pre-

scribed and over-the-counter (OTC)drugs should be used to help combatpain. Some people may find it helpfulto apply aloe vera gel or lotion sev-eral times per day to the affectedarea. All exposure to cold and windshould be avoided. No rings shouldbe worn on frostbitten fingers and noother kinds of tight items should beworn. In the case of frostbitten feet,don’t walk on them, don’t apply di-rect heat or rub the area. If blistersdevelop, don’t break them as they actas a bandage. They will break ontheir own.In trench foot, which is typically

less severe than frostbite, victimsmay experience reddening of theskin, numbness, leg cramps andswelling. They may also have tin-gling pain, blisters or ulcers, bleed-ing under the skin and gangrene.To treat trench foot, remove shoes

or boots and wet socks. Dry the feet.Avoid walking to reduce the risk ofdamage to foot tissue.Areas most susceptible to

chilblains are the toes, fingers, ears,and nose. When chilblains occur,symptoms include redness, blister-ing, itching, inflammation and (in se-vere cases) ulceration.To treat chilblains, avoid scratch-

ing the affected area. Slowly warmthe skin and use corticosteroidcreams to relieve itching andswelling. If blisters and ulcers arepresent, they should be kept cleanand covered.The most effective treatment for

these cold-related illnesses is preven-

tion, beginning with appropriatedress.“When you’re working outdoors,

wear a minimum of three layers ofclothing,” Yoder says. “An outerlayer to break the wind, a middlelayer to retain insulation and an innerlayer that allows for ventilation.Have a change of clothes available incase your garments become wet.”Since 40% of body heat can be

lost through the head, protecting thehead and face in cold weather condi-tions is critical. Feet should be pro-tected from cold and dampness bywearing layered socks inside com-fortable, insulated footwear. Insu-lated gloves protect hands anddexterity, which is affected by tem-peratures below 59 degrees (Fahren-heit).On-site sources of heat, such as

radiant heaters and air jets, can helpprovide protective warmth. Anyoneexperiencing prolonged exposure towind chill temperatures below 20 de-grees (Fahrenheit) should have ac-cess to a heater shelter or vehicle.Reducing drafty or windy areas

within buildings will help shieldwork areas. When temperatures dropbelow 30 degrees (Fahrenheit), ther-mal insulating material on equipmenthandles will help protect your handsfrom excessive cold. Avoid sitting orkneeling on cold, unprotected sur-faces.“Anyone suffering with ongoing

medical conditions may need to takespecial precautions when working inthe cold,” Yoder says. “Check withyour physician to determine if any ofyour prescription medications mightaffect you when you work in coldconditions.”Since alcohol and drugs can in-

crease heat loss and impair judgment,never use these substances whenworking in a cold environment.Know the signs and symptoms ofcold-induced conditions and knowthe appropriate first-aid response tothem.“Anytime you experience heavy

shivering, severe fatigue, drowsiness,or signs of cold-induced illness, seekwarm shelter immediately,” Yodersays. “Avoid tasks that cause you tosweat, as that will quickly rob yourbody of heat.”Warm, caffeine and alcohol-free

beverages can be used to help main-tain energy and body heat. Staying ingood physical condition also helpsprevent cold-related illness.“Farm and ranch managers need

to take precautions to keep workerssafe during cold and/or wet weather,too,” Yoder says. “Allow them tocomplete their work at a comfortablepace, taking extra breaks if necessary.Always have workers doing jobs inteams during cold weather to helpkeep an eye on one another.”When possible, farm managers

should schedule outdoor work duringthe warmest part of the day, or movea job to an enclose area. Workersshould be discouraged from sitting orstanding in prolonged periods duringcold weather.“If your employees aren’t accus-

tomed to cold weather conditions,allow them to acclimate themselvesto it before they begin a task,” Yoderadds.

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