Stage 2 PsychologyPersonality Character Analysis (Lucifer Morningstar)

Personality ConceptionsPsychodynamic Theory:The Psychodynamic Theory, developed by theorist Sigmund Freud, contains three components, the conscious (thoughts humans are aware of), pre-conscious (thoughts humans can be made conscious of from a cue) and unconscious (inaccessible to a human’s consciousness).1

The first aspect of Freud’s Psychodynamic theory contains the ID, Ego and Superego component.2 The ID contains an individual’s unconscious desires, the Ego considers the reality of the situation using reasoning while considering the needs of the ID and Superego.3 The Superego however is the moral principle dictating what is ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ in a situation.4

The Psychosexual stages consist of five different stages Freud theorised as a predetermined and fixed sequence of psychosexual development known as the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages.5 The first stage is the ‘oral stage’ where the individual receives stimulation from oral activities where too much or too little can result in an oral fixation leading to compulsive activities with their mouth (drinking, smoking etc).6

The final element of the Psychodynamic Theory is defense mechanisms where the mind develops techniques to prevent the unconscious mind from becoming aware of unconscious thoughts.7 They are the Ego’s protective methods, consisting of denial, repression, displacement, projection, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, sublimation and intellectualization.8

Trait Theories:The trait theory consists of two theories, Hans Eysenck’s Personality Dimensions and the Big 5 Trait Theory recognised for their ability in describing personality types in order to identify and predict behaviour.9

The Big 5 Trait Theory is a selection of 5 traits known as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism each with its own set of identifiable characteristics.10 Scientists theorised that all humans fit primarily into one of these 5 categories, set at birth.11

1 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.2 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.3 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.4 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.5 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.6 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.7 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.8 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.9 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.10 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.11 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.

Personality Conceptions applied to Lucifer MorningstarLucifer frequently demonstrates behaviour relating to the Psychodynamic theory, as in season 2 episode 6 titled ‘Monster’, Lucifer demonstrates an oral fixation on alcohol.12 In this example, Lucifer attempts to become intoxicated to deal with guilt arising after killing his brother Uriel. Lucifer appears to be acting upon his ID’s selfish desires in 2x15, ‘Deceptive Little Parasite,’ when he expresses his plans to return to heaven with his mother and cut through the gates of heaven.13 It is his unconscious desire to acquire revenge on his parents for casting him into Hell, as upon arrival, he plans on “kicking mum into heaven and slamming the gates on her backside” allowing her and God to destroy each other so they can “both get what they deserve”.14 In this situation, Lucifer acts upon his irrational wishes, selfish needs and immoral urges. Lucifer also appears to be acting upon his ID’s desires when he murders Cain in 3x24 ‘A Devil of my Word’.15 Lucifer releases his fury on Cain for killing his friend, Charlotte Richards, by fighting him to the death, therefore allowing himself to access thoughts from his unconscious mind and act upon violent motives, immoral urges and selfish needs. Lucifer’s behaviour can also be described by the defense mechanisms component of Freud’s theory, as Lucifer demonstrates displacement by yelling at his imposter for stealing his identity in 1x03 ‘The Would-Be Prince of Darkness.16 In this scene, Lucifer is aggravated about being unable to locate the murderer of an innocent woman. Lucifer’s morals encompass punishing evil, therefore, Lucifer displaces his anger onto “luci-phony”, as his real target is unattainable to punish for their offense.

Lucifer can also be seen displaying behaviour explained by the ‘Big 5’ Trait theory, identifying significantly with the ‘Neuroticism’ superfactor. Lucifer commonly displays behaviours relating to impulsiveness, as in 1x03, Lucifer makes an impulsive decision throw a man through a window.17 Lucifer is furious at the lack of respect exhibited by the murderer for the innocent girl that was killed and acts upon his instinct to punish. 18 Lucifer also demonstrates that he can be vulnerable and self-conscious as illustrated in 3x21, ‘Anything Pierce Can Do I Can Do Better’.19 Lucifer is devastated at a missed opportunity to express his true feelings to Chloe and Linda helps him to realise his own desire which is for Chloe to choose him over Pierce, “I want her to choose me”.20 Lucifer can also be seen displaying traits from the ‘Agreeableness’ trait, particularly selflessness, as at the beginning of the series, Lucifer is self-absorbed and narcissistic, but throughout his time on Earth, Lucifer begins to consider other’s thoughts, feelings and emotions. This is recognised in 3x24, ‘A Devil of My Word’ when he surrenders himself to protect Chloe by asking her to stand aside so he is in clear line of shot, “for once I agree with this 12 Lucifer Daily 2016, Lucifer Episode 2x06; Chloe, Lucifer & Dan at crime scene, online video, 1 November, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/e8MHlZhhJKk>. (0:40-2:12)13 LuciferDaily 2017, Lucifer Episode 2x15; Dr Linda helps Lucifer 'feel'., online video, 9 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/lSZAr5HmScI>. (0:22-2:02)14 LuciferDaily 2017, Lucifer Episode 2x15; Dr Linda helps Lucifer 'feel'., online video, 9 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/lSZAr5HmScI>.15 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE ENDING - CHLOE SAW LUCIFER'S DEVIL FACE, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, < https://youtu.be/q3ySxUf2XhM>. (0:00- 3:04)16 Kepler 186f 2016, Lucifer 1x03 - Lucifer finds his imposter, online video, 9 February, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/eVvaVuqgkmc>. (0:00-2:55)17 TVstuff141 2018, Lucifer | Lucifer Throws A Murderer Through Window | "Did i squeeze too hard!?", online video, 20 January, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/s7tmGq9ZWRg>. (0:00-1:13)18 TVstuff141 2018, Lucifer | Lucifer Throws A Murderer Through Window | "Did i squeeze too hard!?", online video, 20 January, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/s7tmGq9ZWRg>.19 chloe sullivan 2018, Lucifer 3x21 Lucifer goes to tell Chloe how he really feels / Cain proposes to Chloe, online video, 22 April, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/HWQlTge2w8U>. (0:00-3:22)20 chloe sullivan 2018, Lucifer 3x21 Lucifer goes to tell Chloe how he really feels / Cain proposes to Chloe, online video, 22 April, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/HWQlTge2w8U>.

imbecile, step aside”.21 Afterward, Lucifer shields Chloe with his wings, risking his life to save her from the ammunition.22 Afterwards, Chloe asks what happened and Lucifer replies by saying she is “safe that’s all that matters,” proving his selflessness and devotion to her wellbeing.23

Strengths and weaknessesPsychodynamic Theory:A major strength is that the Psychodynamic theory is portrayed extensively in modern culture as it is still currently referred to in the contemporary society, suggesting a level of interest in the community. Freud’s theory was also the first theory to exist regarding the concept of personality, creating the foundation for future theorists and theories.24

Freud’s Psychodynamic theory also has weaknesses including the fact that the theory is largely untestable and therefore, impossible to prove, especially the Psychosexual stages and the ID, Ego and Superego.25 Another weakness is that the theory has a significantly narrow focus, suggesting human personalities and behaviours are dictated primarily on sex.26 Therefore, the theory is outdated by today’s understanding of personality as it has been disregarded by other theorists.

Trait Theories:The Trait theories have many strengths including that they can be used to make predictions based on behaviour.27 Therefore, according to a person’s personality, predictions are able to be made regarding how they are expected to act or behave. Another strength is that the theories can be used to successfully identify and justify a behaviour as the behaviours are linked to traits in an individual’s personality.28

Some major repercussions linked to the Trait theories is that they are too fixed, suggesting that an individual belongs to one superfactor of the Big 5 theory, or somewhere on the spectrum of the personality dimensions. 29 This has limitations as it does not essentially describe an individual’s personality or why personalities change, as it suggests that personalities are set at birth. The Trait theories are also subjective as they depend on the point of view of the individual, contributing to the interpretation of others’ personalities.30

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21 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE - LUCIFER SAVES CHLOE WITH HIS WINGS, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/WDskbBzuSho>. (0:00-1:00)

22 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE - LUCIFER SAVES CHLOE WITH HIS WINGS, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/WDskbBzuSho>. (1:34-2:22)23 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE - LUCIFER SAVES CHLOE WITH HIS WINGS, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/WDskbBzuSho>. (2:39-3:05)24 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.25 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.26 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.27 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.28 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.29 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.30 Spencer, P. and Hartstone, M. (2007). Jacaranda Stage 2 Psychology for South Australia. 1st ed. Milton: John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.

Appendix A:Character Summary- Lucifer MorningstarLucifer Morningstar is the protagonist of Lucifer and was formerly the ruler of hell until he became unhappy with his role and decided to retire to Los Angeles with his assistant demon, Mazikeen, “Hell’s most brutal torturer”.31 In LA he decided to rebel against God by reinventing himself and becoming the owner of a high-end nightclub called Lux.32 Whilst on Earth, Lucifer continues to pursue his former occupation of punishing humans as a result of meeting detective Chloe Decker from the LAPD on a case where his friend, Delilah was killed.33 Determined to punish the killer that killed Delilah, Lucifer began working for the LAPD. Lucifer was soon intrigued to discover that his ability to draw out the hidden desires of humans does not have an effect on Chloe.34 Chloe was also intrigued by Lucifer’s ability and before long, Lucifer was instated as a Civilian Consultant for the LAPD. It was also discovered that Lucifer is mortal in Chloe’s presence, whereas he is typically immortal in the presence of humans. 35 Lucifer’s character also develops during his time spent on Earth, as when he first arrived on Earth, Lucifer was insecure of his identity and irritated at the human judgment of being interpreted as evil as he believes he is not evil as he only punishes evil. In season 3 Lucifer’s identity is compromised as result of waking up in the desert with the ability to use his wings in place of his devil face.36 This is in effect, caused him to further repent his father. During his time on Earth, Lucifer also begins to think of others other than himself, such as Chloe, his love interest. Lucifer proves his love of Chloe in season 1 when he gets shot and begs his father to protect Chloe in his dying moments.37 Fortunately, Lucifer’s Pentecostal coin prevented him from staying in Hell for longer than a few minutes.38 On his return, Lucifer punches the shooter, saving Chloe and her daughter Trixie. In season 2, Lucifer also proves his love for Chloe by killing himself and returning to hell, in order to receive the ingredients for an antidote for a poison needed to

31 Destiny of the Endless 2017, Lucifer S1 EP1 "You have a Visitor" Clip, online video, 27 June, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/ORhzkAdSOGs>. 1x01- ‘Pilot’ (1:13-3:05)32oPix nurizal 2018, Lucifer stays on earth and cut His wings off - Lucifer S03E11, online video, 2 January, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/qdQss1YIBe0>. 3x11- ‘City of Angels?’ (0:00-3:33)33 Best of TV Series 2016, Lucifer and Detective Chloe s01e01, online video, 22 March, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/pdHyaviTx5A>. 1x01- ‘Pilot’ (0:00-2:12)34 catlord18 2016, Lucifer Pilot Episode Jedi Clip, online video, 12 February, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/AnAQvNPfRzo>. 1x01- ‘Pilot’ (0:00-1:31)35 Morningstar TV 2016, Lucifer | 1x11 - Chloe and Lucifer "You make me vulnerable", online video, 11 April, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/_eujUDNeTPk>. 1x11- ‘St. Lucifer’ (1:07-1:45)

36 LuciChloe 2017, Lucifer 2x18 - Ending Lucifer with Wings and wakes in the desert- He was about to tell chloe his secret but someone hit him., online video, 29 May, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/8lXt8EkKthI>. 2x18- ‘The Good, the Bad and the Crispy’ (0:00-1:56)37 Kepler 186F 2016, Lucifer 1x13 - Malcolm shot and kills Lucifer, online video, 25 April, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/3LVVo2g-0iI>. 1x13- ‘Take me Back to Hell’ (0:00-4:00)

38 Kepler 186F 2016, Lucifer 1x13 - Chloe kills Malcolm, online video, 25 April, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/_qlQY2XseWg>. 1x13- ‘Take me Back to Hell’ (0:00-1:40)

save Chloe’s life.39 In season 3, Lucifer risks his life once more to protect Chloe by using his wings to fly her to safety 40 and returning to kill Pierce/Cain, risking his life in the process.41 It is also evident that Lucifer learns to care for others throughout the series for individuals including Maze (his assistant), Linda Martin (his therapist), Father Frank (friend) and mother (goddess of creation). Lucifer avoids proving to Chloe that he is the devil as he cares about her deeply and fears that she will run away if he shows his true form to her.42 Ultimately, his true form is unintentionally revealed in the season 3 finale, ending as the cliffhanger.

Appendix B:Gallery

39 LuciChloe 2017, Lucifer 2x13 Lucifer Dies and Goes to Hell Season 2 Episode 13, online video, 30 January, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/pLl6dgYUX4A>. 2x13- ‘A Good Day to Die’ (0:00-1:41)40 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE - LUCIFER SAVES CHLOE WITH HIS WINGS, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/WDskbBzuSho>. 3x24- ‘A Devil of My Word’ (1:33-2:40)41 oPix nurizal 2018, LUCIFER SEASON FINALE ENDING - CHLOE SAW LUCIFER'S DEVIL FACE, online video, 14 May, accessed 21 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/q3ySxUf2XhM>. 3x24- ‘A Devil of My Word’ (0:00-1:10), (1:47-3:05)

42 Celeb Interview 2018, Lucifer 3x23 Lucifer Tells Chloe The Truth About Him || Lucifer Kisses Chloe, online video, 6 May, accessed 24 July 2018, <https://youtu.be/7d7nBrscxz8>. 3x23 Quintessential Deckerstar (0:00-2:23)

Lucifer’s ‘devil face’

Lucifer and Chloe Decker

Lucifer Morningstar Lucifer’s wings

Lucifer protecting Chloe with his wings

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