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The Greek Leak Repair Kit:

A Guide to Keep Your Greek Airtight This Summer

Grace Bible Institute

Summer, 2015

Stephen Samec

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS2

INTRODUCTION3

Week #1: The Basics of Nouns and Pronouncing Greek Words (BBG 3-5)4

Week #2: The Cases (BBG 6-7) 5

Week #3: Prepositions and Adjectives (BBG 8-9) 6

Week #4: The 3rd Declension and Personal Pronouns (BBG 10-11) 7

Week #5: and the Demonstrative Pronouns (BBG 12-13) 8

Week #6: Relative Pronouns (BBG 14)9

Week #7: Introduction to Verbs (BBG 15)10

Week #8: Present Indicative (BBG 16, 18) 11

Week #9: Contract Verbs (BBG 17) 12

Week #10: Future Active/Middle Indicative (BBG 19) 13

Appendix A: Carver's Keys to the Third Declension 14

Appendix B: The Declension Charts 15

Appendix C: The Pane 16

Appendix D: Recommended Resources 17

ABBREVIATIONS

BBGBasics of Biblical Greek, William D. Mounce.

BDAG A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker.

LXXThe Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament (ca. third-second centuries BC)

MBGMorphology of Biblical Greek, William D. Mounce.

NIDNTT The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Colin Brown

NTNew Testament

TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, G. Friedrich and G. Kittel

TNT These Necessary Things, Robert W. Carver

INTRODUCTION

I recently experienced what motorists dread most. As I hit the pavement in my truck, I heard a "tink, tink, tink, tink, tink, tink, tink" noise. It turns out that a roofing nail decided to make friends with my rear, driver-side tire. I arrived at home to check out the damage. It appeared as though the tread prevented it from puncturing all the way through the tire. But it was time to reconcile my optimism with reality. So I pulled it out. Much to my delight, I heard no leak. On the next day, much to my chagrin, it turns out that there was a slow leak. This one was tricky because it was undetectable by ear. Without fail, the tire's condition would land me at the gas station's air compressor every other week.

Language leaks. Linguistic patches and plugs are only temporary. If you're reading this, that means you probably just finished your first academic year of Koin Greek study. Approximately 3 months separate you from reimplementation of formal study. Much of what you have labored so diligently to obtain will disappear this summer if you don't have some type of routine that keeps Greek on your radar, especially this early in the race. The primary purpose of this guide is to aid you in establishing such a routine. This guide aims to keep your Greek "airtight." It has a secondary goal of introducing you to some of the important tools for using Greek more effectively for exegesis and lesson/sermon preparation.

You will find a very simple layout here. It is a 10-week guide that reviews BBG chapters 3-19. Each week has 4 sections. (1) Reading/Review: this section simply has you reading 1-6 pages of TNT, reviewing respective vocabulary in BBG, and answering a simple grammar question. (2) Parsing: here you will parse about 3 words found in the translation section. (3) Translation: this section has you translating 1-2 sentences from the NT or LXX. (4) Grammatical/Exegetical Implications: I recommend that you provide written answers in this section, but what's most important is that you think through these questions. They will help you learn to use the recommended resources and cause you to think about the text beyond your provisional parsing and translation work. I also recommend that you record the amount of time you spend with Greek each week. This will help you see how much time is actually required for you to keep your Greek fresh. I predict that this guide will take no more than 30 minutes per week. In this respect, I suggest that you supplement it in other areas (bringing your Greek Testament to church, reading through 1 John, using another summer Greek resource,[footnoteRef:1] etc.). [1: E.g., Richard J. Goodrich and David Diewert, A Summer Greek Reader: A Workbook for Maintaining Your Biblical Greek (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001). I have not personally used this one. It's 112 pages. I have intentionally left The Greek Leak Repair Kit very brief18 pages total. ]

This guide will not earn you any credits. It is strictly voluntary. You really can use it however you see fit. But I do have some suggestions for you. (1) Work in groups, or at least find one other person with whom you can meet each week. (2) Complete each week in one sitting. If that doesn't work for you, (3) pick 4 days out of the week and do 1 section each day. (4) Please feel free to submit your work to me. I would be happy to offer suggestions. I would also be happy to work with you (or y'all) in person. (5) Purchase a decent lexicon (see Appendix D). There are several unfamiliar words which I intentionally did not footnote, so that you will start making judicious use of lexicons. Enjoy!

Week #1: The Basics of Nouns and Pronouncing Greek Words (BBG 3-5)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT pages 4-8.

1.2. Review vocab in BBG pages 16-17.

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

, [footnoteRef:2] [2: to be ]

(Gen 2.18 LXX).

4. Grammatical/Exegetical Implications

4.1. What part of speech is here? How is it functioning in this context?

4.2. There are two clauses in this verse. How is the first clause functioning? What about the second?

Time spent on Greek this week: ______________

Week #2: The Cases (BBG 6-7)

1. Reading/Review


1.2. Review vocab in BBG pages 39 and 50-51.

1.3. Try to write out the 2-1-2 declension chart from memory. Use the space provided for you in Appendix B.

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

[footnoteRef:3] (Mk 2.10). [3: to forgive ]


4.1. How might the - shift rule help you discern how is functioning grammatically?

4.2. Is used with reference to Jesus anywhere else in the four Gospels? Use a Greek concordance to find the answer.


Week #3: Prepositions and Adjectives (BBG 8-9)

1. Reading/Review


1.2. Review vocab in BBG pages 61-62 and 70-71.

1.3. What are the three uses of the adjective?

_______________, __________________, ________________

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

[footnoteRef:4] [footnoteRef:5] [footnoteRef:6] (Mk 1.9). [4: it came about. This word occurs like this frequently in narrative contexts that it's simpler to just memorize as a vocab word. (It's 3S Aor Act Ind from .) ] [5: he/she/it went ] [6: he/she/it was baptized ]


4.1. Mark uses the preposition with the verb (see also Mt 3.13-17). Could you make a case for baptism by immersion without appealing to the prepositions?[footnoteRef:7] [7: Cf. Murray J. Harris, Prepositions and Theology in the Greek New Testament: An Essential Resource for Exegesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012), 84, 230. This work was previously published in NIDNTT 3:1171ff. ]

4.2. Matthew and Luke also contain the account of Jesus' baptism. If you were to preach a sermon on this account, where would you preach it from? Matthew, Mark, or Luke?


Week #4: The 3rd Declension and Personal Pronouns (BBG 10-11)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT pages 18-22


1.3. Look at Appendix A for a reminder of the importance of the genitive singular in 3rd declension words.

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

[footnoteRef:8] [footnoteRef:9] , [8: which is ] [9: who are ]

(II Cor 1.1-2).


4.1. Where is the main verb in these verses?

4.2. Is being used as an adjective or adverb here (cf. BBG pg. 165)?

4.3. Look back at the text and circle all of the personal pronouns.


Week #5: and the Demonstrative Pronouns (BBG 12-13)

1. Reading/Review



1.3. Are there any differences between the 2-1-2 noun chart, chart, and or

chart?

2. Parsing

Inflected

Pers/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

, , , [footnoteRef:10] [footnoteRef:11] [] [10: he/she/it will remind ] [11: I said ]

(Jn 14.26).


4.1. What does modify?

4.2. What is the subject of the verb ?


Week #6: Relative Pronouns (BBG 14)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT page 28.


1.3. How does the relative pronoun chart compare with the 2-1-2 noun chart?

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

, [footnoteRef:12] .[footnoteRef:13] , , [footnoteRef:14] (I Jn 2.7-8). [12: Imperfect of , had/were having. The personal ending will give you the rest. ] [13: y o u heard ] [14: he/she/it departs ]


4.1. What use of the adjective does and employ?

4.2. Look back at these verses and circle any relative pronouns.

4.3. Now underline all of the relative clauses.

4.4. If you were to preach this passage, what would the main point of your sermon be?


Week #7: Introduction to Verbs (BBG 15)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT page 29.

1.2. Work backwards and indicate how the inflected form ended up the way it is.

Stem

Connecting Vowel

Personal Ending

Inflected Form

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

[footnoteRef:15] , [footnoteRef:16] ; [footnoteRef:17] [footnoteRef:18] (Num 14.11-12 LXX). [15: From , I anger; I urge. ] [16: I did ] [17: I will beat ] [18: I will slay ]


4.1. is used to introduce a question in this passage. How might you translate it to reflect that particular function?

4.2. For , do you remember the different degrees of adjectives?

4.3. is a significant word in New Testament theology. Check out a thorough study on this word and its cognates in TDNT VI:174-228.


Week #8: Present Indicative (BBG 16, 18)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT pages 30-31 and 34-35.

1.2. Review vocab in BBG pages 137 and 154-155.

1.3. Try to fill out the Primary Active and Passive quadrants on "The Pane" from memory (see Appendix C).

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

[] , [footnoteRef:19] (Mk 3.20). [19: to eat ]


4.1. Do you see any flexibility in how you might translate some of these present tense forms? How would you categorize such usage(s)?

4.2. Students often memorize as "bread." Does it have any other lexical possibilities?


Week #9: Contract Verbs (BBG 17)

1. Reading/Review

1.1. Read TNT pages

1.2. Review vocab in BBG pages

1.3. Contract verbs have stems that end in:

_______, _______, ________.

2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

[footnoteRef:20] , , , , [footnoteRef:21] , [footnoteRef:22] , , [footnoteRef:23] (Isaiah 48.12-13 LXX). [20: Hear! ] [21: he/she/it founded or laid the foundation] [22: he/she/it established] [23: they will stand]

3. Translation


4.1. Why does the text use and ? Is there any semantic distinction between the two?

4.2. The phrase is idiomatic; "forever" is the idea.


Week #10: Future Active/Middle Indicative (BBG 19)

1. Reading/Review



2. Parsing

Inflected

Person/Case

Number

Tense/Gender

Voice

Mood

Lexical

Translation

3. Translation

(Lk 1.14).


4.1. What do you make of the morphology of ? What person and number is it? What is its location on The Pane? Do you see anything besides the personal ending and the stem? What's the lexical form? Check it out in Gingrich's Shorter Lexicon or BDAG.[footnoteRef:24] [24: Cf. MBG 302 for more discussion. ]

4.2. Who is the speaker in this verse? To whom is he/she speaking?

4.3. For , there are a lot of words in the lexicon that begin with -. How do you know you've selected the right lexical form?


Appendix A: "Carver's Keys to the Third Declension"

1. Learn the basic endings for masc. and fem. 3rd declension nouns as two words:

/ / / ///

2. The neuter endings will be the same as the above except for adjustments in accordance with noun rules 2 and 3.

3. The nominative singular form (i.e., lexical form) will indicate what the dative plural form will look like (which will end in an and may have a moveable ).

4. Review the Square of Stops + chart.

The most important step to take for mastering the 3rd declension, however, is memorizing the genitive singular with your vocabulary. Why? Removing the case ending of the genitive singular will reveal the stem of the word! Once you know the stem of the word, you can predict how it will decline in the other cases in both the singular and plural.

Illustration: This is how your 3rd declension vocab cards should look.

Front of card

,

,

Back of card

foot

Appendix B: The Declension Charts

2 1 2 3 3

Masc.

Fem.

Fem.

Neut.

Ns

Gs

Ds

As

Np

Gp

Dp

Ap

Masc/Fem

Neut

Appendix C: The Pane

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

Sing.

Plur.

Sing.

Plur.

Active

1

2

3

Passive

1

2

3

Appendix D: Recommended Resources ( = available in church library)

Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature (BDAG), 3rd ed. Edited Frederick William Danker. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000.

This one is definitely worth purchasing. Used copies are available on amazon.com. New copies are in stock on cbd.com. Make sure you are ordering the 3rd edition.

2nd edition.

Brown, Colin ed. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979.

Burer, Michael H. and Jeffrey E. Miller, A New Reader's Lexicon of the Greek New Testament (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2008).

Campbell, Constantine R. Basics of Verbal Aspect in Biblical Greek. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008.

. Keep Your Greek: Strategies for Busy People. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010.

Friedrich, G. and G. Kittel, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. 10 vols. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967.

Gingrich, F. Wilbur and Frederick W. Danker. Shorter Lexicon of the Greek New Testament, 2nd ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983).

Moulton, W. F. and A. S. Geden. A Concordance to the Greek Testament (T&T Clark Publishers, 1978).

Mounce, William D. Biblical Greek: A Compact Guide. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011.

. Free audio lectures online at Biblical Training (https://www.biblicaltraining.org/biblical-greek/william-mounce),

. The Morphology of Biblical Greek: A Companion to Basics of Biblical Greek and The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

Vance, Laurence M. Greek Verbs in the New Testament and Their Principle Parts (Pensacola: Vance Publications, 2006).

Wigram, George V. The Englishman's Greek Concordance of the New Testament (Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 1996).

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storage.cloversites.comstorage.cloversites.com/gracebiblechurchoftampa/docum… · Web viewRead TNT. pages 9-11. 1.2. ... This word occurs like this frequently in narrative contexts