Module 5 Guided Notes5.01-The Respiratory System

Page 2-Focus Question: What are the general functions of the respiratory system? How do the organs of the respiratory system contribute to the respiration process?

Cellular respiration-

The video in this lesson traces the path of oxygen through the organs of the respiratory system. Use the respiratory system worksheet below for the video.

Respiratory System Worksheet:

Use the video slide show to fill in the concept map below.

Word Bank: Alveolar sacs, Bronchi, Capillaries, Trachea

Page 3-Focus Question: What mechanisms control breathing?

Inspiration-

Expiration-

Use the ventilation worksheet below and to take important video notes on the mechanisms that control breathing.

Ventilation worksheet

1. What controls the movement of the rib and diaphragm muscles?

Use the video to complete the questions inside these graphic organizers.

Page 4-Focus Question: How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in blood?

Use this hemoglobin worksheet and fill it in as you view the video on oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and transport in the blood.

Hemoglobin worksheet

Page 5-Focus Question: What mechanisms control ventilation?

The muscles of the ribs and diaphragm will contract and relax in response to signals from the ______________ system or hormones from the __________ system. These muscle movements affect your ability to breathe, as well as your ventilation rate.

For example, the hormone epinephrine increases your rate of ventilation and dilates the bronchi and alveoli, which opens the air passages of the lungs.

large surface

area

absence of _______

space for hemoglobin in red blood

cells

High oxygen in lungsoxygen losely binds to

hemoglobin in a red blood cell

What happens next?___________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin

What happens next?__________________

______________________________________

Red blood cells move from heart to lungs to release

carbon dioxide

Page 5-Focus Question: What factors can disrupt normal ventilation?

List factors:

Use this respiratory system factors worksheet to take important notes as you view the video on the effects of smoking and the control mechanisms of the respiratory system.

Nicotine

How does it affect the respiratory system?________________________________________________

Carbon Monoxide

________________________________________________

Tar___________________________________________________

Breathing

Conscious Control We can make

ourselves breath faster or slower

Unconcious Control What part of the

brain controls breathing?

_____________

ASSESSMENT

Complete all tasks and readings that are outlined in the lesson.

Complete the 05.01 Respiratory System Quiz

5.01 Honors-The tissues of the Respiratory System

Page 2- Focus Questions: What is the structure and function of the tissues lining the respiratory organs?

Use the Lung Tissues worksheet below and fill it in as you learn how the lung tissues facilitate gas exchange in the video.

Lung Tissue Worksheet

1. The tissues of the alveoli are described as __________, thin walled structures that increase the surface area for gas exchange.

2. Why do alveoli exist in a mesh of capillaries?

Use the video to fill in the blanks and complete the questions inside the graphic organizers.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the _________ to the

___________

Oxygen diffuses from the ________ to the

__________

Water

What is the function of water on the inner surfaces?________________________________________________________________________

Surfactant

What is the function of surfactant on the inner surfaces?____________________________________________________________________________

Page 3- Focus Question: What are the microscopic structures within the lungs?

There will be diagrams of the same structures on the module exam. Pay careful attention to the structures bolded in the paragraph and find them in the picture.

This is an electron micrograph that shows a capillary running through the alveolar space in an adult human lung. The capillary contains red blood cells interlaced with connective tissue fibres. Notice the thin-air-blood barrier labeled in the image. This is the location where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the lungs and the blood. There is a water and surfactant layer overlying the air-blood barrier but it does not show in this picture.

Watch the animation on the lesson page to view the structures bolded.

This animation shows the cilia on the cells of the respiratory tract. Cilia are short eyelash-like filament and they are responsible for catching particles and pathogens and moving them out of the respiratory tract before they reach the alveolar sacs. If any particles or pathogens make it

into the alveoli, they get stuck in the mucous membranes of the alveoli cells. Immune system cells called macrophages engulf the particles and remove them from the lung tissues.

Assessment

Watch the video on page 4 and complete the assignment according to the directions and rubric.

Submit your work as 05.01 Honors—The Tissues of the Respiratory System.

5.02- The Digestive System

Page 2-Focus Question: How does each organ of the digestive system aid in digestion?

Alimentary canal-

Gastrointestinal tract-

Accessory organs-

Use the digestion worksheet and fill it in as you view the video on digestion through the alimentary canal.

Digestion Worksheet

Use the video and word bank to answer the questions and fill in the chart below.

Word Bank: chyme, enzymes, muscle contraction, peristalsis, pyloric, saliva, villi, water

What is mechanical digestion?

What is chemical digestion?

What specific job does saliva accomplish for the digestion system?

Why is it better to have villi in the small intestine instead of smooth tissues?

Page 3-Focus Question: What mechanisms control digestion?

1. List all nervous system regulators and how they work:

Acetylcholine-

Step 7: AnusMost of the water is removed from chyme Solid waste leaves the body

Step Six: Large IntestinesUndigested ________ moves into large intestine Removes _________ and absorbs water soluable

vitamins

Step Five: Villi within the small intestineWhat do lacteals absorb?___________________ What do capillaries absorb?__________________

Step Four: Small Intestines Chyme enters small intestine through

the _________________Lined with _______ consist of

capillaries and lactealsBile, and pancreatic and intestinal juices all

contain ___________ which aid in digestion

Step Three: StomachMechanical digestion using _______________ chemical digestion using hydrocholic acid, pepsin,

and mucous secreted by glands

Step Two: Esophagusmoves past pharnyx into esophagus muscular contractions called ____________

moves food down esophagus to cardiac sphincter

Step One: MouthMechanical digestion using teeth and tongue Chemical digestion using _____________

Adrenaline-

2. List all endocrine system regulators and how they work:

Unlike other systems, the digestive system releases its own _____________. These hormones regulate cell growth within the gastrointestinal tract and signal the release of bile, enzymes, and digestive juices. They are produced by ______________ of the stomach and small intestine

Gastrin-

Secretin-

Cholecystokinin-

Page 4-Focus Question: How do the accessory organs direct digestion?

The accessory organs are thus named because food does _________ pass through them during digestion. They produce additional ____________ required for the breakdown of food. These secretions enter the mouth, stomach, or intestines through specialized _________ ducts.

Use the lesson Chart to fill in the chart below.

Accessory Organ Function in Digestion

Salivary Glands

Stomach (Gastric) Glands

Liver

Gallbladder

Pancreas

Appendix

Assessment

Complete all tasks required by the directions. Please review the student example and rubric.

Submit your work as 05.02 The Digestive System.

5.02 Honors- The Tissues of the Digestive System

Page 2- Focus Question: What tissues make up the walls of the gastrointestinal tract?

Serosa-

Muscle Layer-

Submucosa-

Mucosa-

Page 3-Focus Question: What are the special structures of the mucous membrane?

The mucous membrane (mucosa) of the stomach and small intestines contain _________ that secrete gastric or intestinal juices for digestion. Once digested, nutrients move into the cells of the body using the blood capillaries and __________ within the villi of the small intestine. The _________ of the small intestine provide a ________ surface area for nutrient absorption.

View this video on page 3 to learn how the inner structures of the villi work to absorb nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract.

Page 4- Focus Question: What is the basic tissue structure of digestive accessory organs?

Use the slide show:

Structures of the pancreas-

Structures of the Salivary Glands-

Microscopic structure of the liver-

Structures of the gallbladder-

Assessment

Select the Pancreas worksheet and follow the instructions.

Submit the follow-up questions as 05.02 Honors—The Tissues of the Digestive System.

5.03- Molecules of Life

Page 2- Focus Question: What are the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

The four major macromolecules are:

Of these macromolecules, _______________, ______________, and ___________ are considered nutrients, which are substances that provide nourishment for the body.

Use the nutrient worksheet below and fill it in as you view the video on key nutrients.

Nutrient Worksheet

Word bank: amino acids, beans, breads, body repair, body construction, carbon, carbohydrates, cell growth, chicken, energy supply, energy storage, fatty meats, fiber, fighting infection, fish, hydrogen, milk, oils, oxygen, provides energy, unsaturated, sweets

1. How many amino acid options are available for protein production?

2. How many amino acids can the body make on its own?

3. Why do we also need to consume vitamins and minerals?

Carbohydrates

W hat are they

used for?

_____?

types

Sugar

______?

Starch

exam ples

Fruits, vegetables _________

Lipids

W hat are they

used for?

______?

types

saturated

______?

exam plesbutter, fried

foods _________?

Page 3-Focus Question: What is the basic structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Use the Structure Worksheet below and fill it in as you view the video on the structure and functions of nutrients.

Structure Worksheet

Word Bank: disaccharide, fats, glucose, hexagon, phospholipids, polysaccharide, steroids

What are the four major macromolecules?

What three elements are found in all four of the major macromolecules?

When the three main elements form a monosaccharide, it can make a six-carbon molecule called _______________________.

Monosaccharides form into a ______________ shape.

When you put two monosaccharides together it forms a __________________, like lactose.

When you put three or more monosaccharides together it forms _______________, like glycogen.

There are three types of lipids:_________________ , _______________ , and ________________ .

Proteins

W hat are they

used for?

______?

M ade from ?

_____?exam ples

eggs, m eats _________?

Describe the function of each type of lipid.

Lipids are hydrophobic. This means….

Fatty acids are made from chains of carbon and hydrogen. How does the structure of phospholipids and steroids differ from fatty acids?

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, what two elements are also found in proteins and nucleic acids?

What is the function of proteins?

Draw the general structure of a protein.

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. Draw the general structure of a nucleotide.

What are the functions of DNA and RNA?

Review the Biological Molecule on page 4!

Assessment

Follow the directions on page 5. Be sure to view the rubric and student example.

Submit your work as 05.03 Molecules of Life.

5.04- Enzymes

Page 2-Focus Question: What are enzymes?

Enzymes-

Catalyze-

Substrate-

Activation energy-

Use the enzyme worksheet and fill in the chart as you view the video on enzymes in living organisms.

Enzyme worksheet

Fill in the blank circles with enzyme examples from the lesson.

Page 3-Focus Question: How do enzymes catalyze reactions?

View this video to learn about the induced fit model and the catalytic cycle. Use this enzyme actions worksheet to assist you with your note-taking during the video.

Enzyme Actions Worksheet

Fill in the blanks in the sentences

Word bank: catalyze, reduces, substrates, without,

1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions _________________ being used up or chemically altered.

2. Enzymes can _____________ the same reactions over and over again.

Enzymes

Intracellular

Metabolic Enzymes

Extracellular

Digestive Enzymes

3. When enzymes combine with __________________, it ___________ the activation energy required for molecules to react to form products.

Insert the two main results of enzyme/substrate bonding in the chart below.

Page 4-Focus Question: What factors affect enzyme activity?

Increasing the amount of enzyme available for a reaction makes the reaction go __________, but changing the enzyme concentration is not the only way to affect the reaction rate.

Co-factors-

Inhibitors-

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration also affect enzyme activity. Use the enzyme factors worksheet and fill it in as you learn how these factors affect the rate of reaction.

Enzyme Factors Worksheet

Answer the following questions from the video.

1. How does the catalase discs at freezing, boiling, and room temperature react when placed in the beaker of substrate?

Catalytic Cycle

______ ________

Active enzyme site bonds to substrate

2. What effect do extreme temperatures have on enzymes?

3. How does the catalase disc react when placed in a substrate of different pH levels?

4. What effect does pH have on enzymes?

5. What effect does substrate concentration have on enzymes?

6. What happens when the substrate concentration reaches Vmax?

ASSESSMENT

Complete the 05.04 Enzymes Quiz