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RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Lungs- Alveoli
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs
InhalationExhalation is the reverse
ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON………
• Tidal VolumeThe amount of air moved into or out of the
lungs in a single breathNormal is 500 ml
• Minute VolumeThe amount of air moved in or out of the lungs
in one minute minus dead spacemV= RR x vT – dead space (150) ml
• Normal Minute Volume
12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead space=5850mL/minute
Rate Rhythm Quality Depth12-20 regular breath adequate
sounds
Skin is warm/pink/dry
INADEQUATE BREATHING• Respiratory Distress• Respiratory Failure
Inadequate Breathing Defined• Breathing that is not sufficient to support life
Signs of Inadequate Breathing
• Respiratory Distress
• Respiratory Failure
• Respiratory Arrest
Patient AssessmentRate Rhythm Quality12-20 Regular Depth (minute volume)
NoneToo FastToo Slow
• Oxygen TherapyNasal CanulaeNon-Rebreather
Oxygen Therapy (administration)Examples requiring O2 administration:• Respiratory or cardiac arrest• Heart attack • Stroke• Shock• Blood loss• Lung disease• Broken bones• Head injuries
• HypoxiaDeprivation of adequate supply of
oxygen• Hypercarbia
Excessive amount of Carbon Dioxide in the blood
Breathing DifficultiesSigns and Symptoms• Shortness of breath• Tightness in the chest• Restlessness • Increased pulse rate• Decreased pulse rate (especially in infants and
children)• Changes in breathing rate/rhythm
• Pale, cyanotic or flushed skin• Noisy breathing• Inability to speak in full sentences• Use of accessory muscles• Retractions• AMS• Coughing• Flared nostrils; pursed lips• Positioning• Barrel chest• Tripod Position
Tripod Position•Permits unhampered movement of respiratory muscles
Respiratory Conditions• COPD
EmphysemaChronic BronchitisBlack Lung
• CHFHypoxic Drive
NEVER WITHHOLD OXYGEN
Pulmonary Edema• Abnormal collection of fluid in the alveoli• Left-sided heart failure• orthopnia
Asthma• Seen in young and old alike• Episodic disease• May be triggered by an allergic reaction
When an attack occurs• Small bronchioles become narrow• Overproduction of thick mucus• Small passages practically shut down• Flow restricted in one direction
Expiratory wheezesAir is trapped in the lungs