· Web viewWhat does it mean to dissociate? Why are eating disorders so difficult to treat and recover from? How do personality disorders affect people? What does it mean to be mentally

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY MIND MAPS *AP

Course Topic: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Topics Weight on AP Exam: 7%-9%, 5%-7%

Textbook Reading:● Unit XII | Abnormal Behavior, Unit XIII | Treatment of Abnormal

Behavior● Module 65, Module 66, Module 67, Module 68, Module 69,

Module 70, Module 71, Module 72, Module 73● Complete List of Terms, Page 716, 762-763

Lesson: Student Directed

Mind Maps Outline● Reading Guides for Modules (Student Directed)● Learning Targets Check (Study Guide)

Name:

Period:

Dates to Know

Terms Quiz anytime

Unit Exam _

Students show understanding of new material from the textbook reading and process or apply the new

information

Essential Questions❏ How do we definepsychological disorders?❏ How are psychologicaldisorders different from“normal” behavior?❏ What are psychologicaldisorders?❏ What are the implications ofthe label “psychologicaldisorder”?❏ Why are psychologicaldisorders more prevalent insome countries or culturesthan in others?❏ How does generalizedanxiety disorder affectpeople?❏ How does panic disorderaffect people?❏ How do phobias affectpeople?❏ How doesobsessive-compulsivedisorder affect people?

❏ How does posttraumaticstress disorder affect people?❏ What are the routes of anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD in people?❏ How does major depressivedisorder affect people?❏ How does bipolar disorder affect people?❏ What are the roots of mood disorders in people?❏ How can you tell if someonehas schizophrenia?❏ When and how does schizophrenia develop?❏ What are the roots of schizophrenia in people?❏ How do psychological issues manifest themselves in ourgeneral physical well-being?❏ What does it mean to dissociate?❏ Why are eating disorders sodifficult to treat and recover from?❏ How do personality disorders affect people?

❏ What does it mean to be mentally well?❏ Can mental illnesses betreated by exploring ourunconscious?❏ How important are listeningand support to effectivetherapy?❏ How can we unlearnmaladaptive behaviors?❏ How can changing ourthoughts change ourmaladaptive behavior?❏ How important are familymembers and other people toeffective therapy?❏ How do we know a therapy iseffective?❏ How do we prevent mentalillness?❏ Are drug therapies effective?❏ How does altering the brain’selectrochemistry affectmental health?❏ How important to our mentalhealth are different parts ofthe brain?❏ How important is it to changeour lifestyles to promotemental health?

Brain Break - AP Psychology | 1


Key Terms & Concepts to Remember psychological disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), medical model, DSM-5, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post-traumatic growth, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, mania, bipolar disorder, rumination, schizophrenia, psychosis, delusions, hallucination, somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder, illness anxiety disorder, dissociative disorders, dissociative identity disorder (DID), anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder

psychotherapy, biomedical therapy, eclectic approach, psychoanalysis, resistance, interpretation, transference, psychodynamic therapy, insight therapies, client-centered therapy, active listening, unconditional positive regard, behavior therapy, counterconditioning, exposure therapies, systematic desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, aversive conditioning, token economy, cognitive therapy, rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, family therapy, regression toward the mean, meta-analysis, evidence-based practice, therapeutic alliance, resilience, psychopharmacology, antipsychotic drugs, antianxiety drugs, antidepressant drugs, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), psychosurgery, lobotomy

Key Contributors to RememberSigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, Mary Cover Jones, Joseph Wolpe, B. F. Skinner, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck

Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 65 Introduction to Psychological DisordersAnswer the following questions

1. Who was Philippe Pinel (1745–1826)? What was his contribution to mental health history?

2. Explain the medical model approach to psychological disorders.

3. Copy figure Figure 65.1 The biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders from page 668.

4. What are a few of the current changes in the DSM-5?



5. Why do some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels?

6. 65-4 pg. 671 Read the “Thinking Critically About” on ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior? Then paraphrase “the bottom line.”

7. Based on the reading of 65-6, would you consider poverty a risk-factor for mental illness? Why or why not?

Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 66 Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress DisorderAnswer the following questions

8. List in bullet form three important pieces of information and or examples of General Anxiety Disorder.

9. List in bullet form three important pieces of information and or examples of Panic Disorder.

10. Read the Phobias section then explore the Internet to see how many different types of phobias you can find. Estimate a number below. What is the most obscure phobia? What is the most common phobia? .



11. Read the section on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and the table that follows it. What surprised you the most? Name (in bullet form) two things you learned.

12. List in bullet form five important pieces of information and or examples of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

13. How do two specific learning processes- stimulus generalization and reinforcement- contribute to the disorders in this section.

14. Give five examples of how biology influences the disorders in this section. (pick things that interest you)

Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 67 Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Suicide, and Self-InjuryAnswer the following questions

15. The emotional extremes of mood disorders come in what two principal forms?

16. What is the difference between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?



17. Who seems the most prone to bipolar disorder? Who seems the least prone?

18. Researcher Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985, 1998, 2003) summarized the facts about mood disorders that any theory of depression must explain. For each of the bullets below, summarize the facts offered in the reading.

a. Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression.

b. Depression is widespread.

c. Women’s risk of major depression is nearly double men’s.

d. Most major depressive episodes self - terminate

e. Stressful events related to work, marriage, and close relationships often precede depression.

f. With each new generation, depression is striking earlier (now often in the late teens) and affecting more

people, with the highest rates in developed countries among young adults.



19. Copy below Figure 67.2 The heritability of various psychological disorders from page 691.

20. List ten facts in bullet form from the Close Up on Suicide and Self-Injury page 694.

21. What role does brain structure play in depression and bipolar disorder?

22. What role do neurotransmitters play in depression and bipolar disorder?

23. How do self-defeating beliefs and a negative explanatory style feed depression’s vicious cycle?

24. Copy both the Figure 67.5 on page 694 The vicious cycle of depressed thinking and its caption below.



Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 68 SchizophreniaAnswer the following questions

25. Describe each of the following symptoms of schizophrenia. Give one example for each.

a. Disturbed Perceptions and Beliefs

b. Disorganized Speech

c. Diminished and Inappropriate Emotions

26. What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations?

27. What is the difference between positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

28. What is the difference between chronic and acute onset of schizophrenia?

29. What have researchers discovered about dopamine production and schizophrenia?

30. “The bottom line of various studies is that schizophrenia involves not one isolated brain abnormality but problems with several brain regions and their interconnections (Andreasen, 1997, 2001)” page 702

a. List below using bullet points a few of the brain abnormalities mentioned in the text before this quote.



31. “These converging lines of evidence suggest that fetal-virus infections play a contributing role in the development of schizophrenia.” page 702

a. List three studies below from the text that you find most compelling as evidence for the quote above.

32. Is there evidence that schizophrenia is genetic? What evidence does the text put forth?

33. List the early warning signs of schizophrenia.

Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 69 Other DisordersAnswer the following questions

34. How does culture play a role in somatic symptom disorder?

35. What is a fugue state?

36. What is the difference between dissociation and psychosis? Use the key definitions from both this section and the last to explain the difference.

37. What did dissociative identity disorder (DID) used to be called? What example does the text give of someone with DID?

38. “So the debate continues. On one side are those who believe multiple personalities are the desperate efforts of



the traumatized to detach from a horrific existence. On the other are the skeptics who think DID is a condition contrived by fantasy - prone, emotionally vulnerable people, and constructed out of the therapist - patient interaction.” page 710

a. give an example study of each view of DID from the reading using pages 708-710

39. List three contributing factors (there are more) to an eating disorder.

40. Discuss the study (Stice et al., 2001) on eating disorders and teens. How was the study organized and what were the findings?

41. List the three clusters of personality disorders.

42. What are some characteristics of antisocial personality disorder? What is a famous case cited in your text?

43. List three of the studies supporting the influence of biology on antisocial personality disorder.

________________________End Unit 12 Exam Materials____________________

Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 70 Introduction to Therapy, and Psychodynamic and Humanistic TherapiesAnswer the following questions

44. What is the basic premise behind Freud's psychoanalytic practice of psychology?



45. How is free association used by psychoanalysts?

46. Why do relatively few U.S. therapists now offer traditional psychoanalysis?

47. Based on your reading, describe a typical psychodynamic therapy session.

48. What does humanistic therapy emphasize?

49. List the ways humanistic therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy.

50. Describe client - centered therapy.

51. What did Rogers believe was the therapist’s most important contribution?

52. If you want to listen more actively in your own relationships, what are the three Rogerian hints that may help?

Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 71 Behavior, Cognitive, and Group TherapiesAnswer the following questions

53. What makes behavior therapy different from humanistic and psychotherapy?



54. Give an example from the text of counterconditioning?

55. There are two specific counterconditioning techniques— exposure therapy and aversive conditioning-explain and give an example from the text for both.

56. What are the criticisms of operant conditioning as a method of therapy?.

57. Copy Figure 71.2 (pg 733) A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders and the description below.

58. Copy Table 71.1 Selected Cognitive Therapy Techniques (pg 735)

Aim of Technique Technique Therapists’ DirectivesReveal beliefs

Test beliefs

Change beliefs

59. List the benefits of each



a. group therapy

b. family therapy

c. self-help groups

Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 72 Evaluating Psychotherapies and Prevention StrategiesAnswer the following questions

60. Discus four or more reasons that a client’s perspective is not the most effective measure for the success of therapy.

61. Clients’ and therapists’ perceptions of therapy’s effectiveness are vulnerable to inflation from what two phenomena?

62. Copy Figure 72.1 Treatment versus no treatment and the information with it.

63. Copy Figure 72.2 Evidence-based clinical decision making and the information with it .



64. What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and how effective is it?

65. What is light exposure therapy and how effective is it?

66. What three benefits does research suggest that all therapies offer?

67. How do culture, gender, and values influence the therapist-client relationship?

68. What should a person look for when selecting a therapist?

69. What is the rationale for preventive mental health programs?

Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 73 The Biomedical TherapiesAnswer the following questions

70. Explain the drug therapies below. Include what they treat, common names, how they work and their side effects.

a. Antipsychotic drugs



b. Antianxiety drugs

c. Antidepressant drugs

d. Mood stabilizing drugs

71. How do double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug’s effectiveness?

72. Sketch Figure 73.1 Biology of Antidepressants (page 754)

73. How are each of the following used in treating specific disorders?

a. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

b. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

c. Psychosurgery

Mental Health Hotline Numbers

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Juvenile Court Services Abuse and Neglect Hotline



800-273-TALK (8255)Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a weekhttp://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org

National Youth Crisis HotlinePhone: 800-448-4663National Institute of Mental Health Information Center866-615-64648 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST, Monday to Fridayhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml

Phone: 702-399-0081

Self-Injury HotlinePhone: 800-DON’T CUT (800-366-8288)

Gay and Lesbian National Hotline For all AgesPhone: 888-THE-GLN (843-4564)

Topic of Lesson: Defining Abnormal Psychology

Lesson #: 12-1

Date:

When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!

Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it!

Psychology Student Syndrome

Abnormal Psychology

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Abnormal Behavior in the DSM-5



Behavioral Model

Cognitive Model

Medical/Biological Models

Psychodynamic Models

Biopsychosocial Models

Stigma



Diagnostic Labels

Topic of Lesson: Anxiety Disorders

Lesson #: 12-2

Date:



Anxiety

Anxiety Disorders



Anxiety Disorder Treatment

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Panic Attacks

Panic Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Specific Phobia Disorder

Agoraphobia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Hoarding Disorder



Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Traumatic Event

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Anxiety Disorder Etiology (Cause)



Anxiety Disorder Treatment

Topic of Lesson: Mood Disorders

Lesson #: 12-3

Date:



Mood Disorders

Bipolar Disorder I

Manic Episode Depressive Episode



Bipolar Disorder II

Cyclothymia

Bipolar Disorder Etiology (Cause)

Bipolar Disorder Treatment

Major Depressive Disorder

Depression Etiology (Cause)



Depression Treatment

Topic of Lesson: Personality Disorders

Lesson #: 12-4

Date:



Personality Disorders

Cluster A Personality Disorders “Odd or Eccentric”

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder



Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster B Personality Disorders “Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic”

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

Borderline Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder



Cluster C Personality Disorders “Anxious or Fearful”

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder*

Personality Disorders Treatment



Topic of Lesson: Neurodevelopmental/Cognitive Disorders

Lesson #: 12-5

Date:



Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Intellectual Disabilities

Intellectual Disabilities Etiology (Cause)

Intellectual Disabilities Treatment

Specific Learning Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder Etiology (Cause)



Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Etiology (Cause)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment

Neurocognitive Disorders

Alzheimer’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease

Topic of Lesson: Dissociative Disorders Date:



Lesson #: 12-6When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both

engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the

information and analyze it!

Dissociation

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

DID Etiology (Cause)

DID Treatment

Sybil

Dissociative Amnesia



Dissociative Fugue

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Topic of Lesson: Schizophrenia

Lesson #: 12-7

Date:



Psychosis



Schizophrenia

Positive Symptoms

Schizophrenia Delusions

Delusions of reference

Delusions of grandeur

Delusions of persecution



Schizophrenia Hallucinations

Disorganized Speech/Thinking

Motor Disturbances

Negative Symptoms

Flat Affect

Behavioral Disturbances

Cognitive Symptoms

Schizophrenia Etiology (Cause)

Genetics



Environmental Factors

Diathesis-Stress Model

Dopamine Hypothesis

Brain Areas Associated

Schizophrenia Treatment

Topic of Lesson: Evolution of Psychological Treatment

Lesson #: 12-8

Date:



Hippocrates



Trephining (Ancient Times)

Exorcism

Witchcraft

Asylums

Philippe Pinel

Dorothea Dix

United States Asylum Conditions

Deinstitutionalization



Deinstitutionalization Consequences

Topic of Lesson: Insight Therapies

Lesson #: 12-9

Date:



Psychotherapy

Eclectic Approach

Insight Therapies

Psychoanalytic Therapy



Free Association

Resistance

Dream Analysis

Transference

Psychodynamic Therapy

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

Humanistic Therapy

Person-Centered (Rogerian-Therapy)

Unconditional Positive Regard

Empathy



Genuineness

Active Listening

Gestalt Therapy

Topic of Lesson: Action Therapies

Lesson #: 12-10

Date:



Action Therapies

Behavior Therapy

Exposure Therapy

Systematic Desensitization

Relaxation training



Social Skills Training

Virtual Reality Graded Exposure

Flooding

Aversion Therapy

Behavior Modification

Token Economy

Modeling

Role Playing

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Over-generalization



Minimization & Magnification

Selective abstraction

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Beck’s Cognitive Triad

Assessing Psychotherapy

Models of Therapy

Group Therapy

Self-Help Groups



Family Therapy

Couples/Marriage Counseling

Topic of Lesson: Types of Biomedical Therapy

Lesson #: 12-11

Date:



Biomedical Therapy

Psychopharmacology

Psychotropic Medications

Confidentiality & The Law

Psychopharmacologic Revolution

Antianxiety Drugs

Used For: PTSD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCD



Brand Names:

PTSD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCD

Effect: Depresses central nervous system; reduces apprehension and nervousness

Side Effect: Sleepiness, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, slurred speech

Antipsychotic Drugs

Used For: Depression (Long-term treatment of anxiety disorders), PTSD, OCD

Brand Names:

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro, Wellbutrin

Effect: Improves mood by reducing absorption of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine

Side Effect: Depending on class of antidepressant: nausea, weight gain, dry mouth, reduced sex drive, blurred vision, suicidal ideation

Mood-Stabilizing Drugs

Used For: Bipolar Disorders

Brand Names:

Lithium, Lamotrigine

Effect: Reduces manic episodes and depressive episodes

Side Effect: Drive mouth, heart arrhythmia, swelling, nausea, loss of appetite

Stimulants

Used For: ADD/ADHD

Brand Names:

Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine

Effect: Improves focus and attention by preventing absorption of dopamine and norepinephrine

Side Effect: Decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, headache, stomach ache

Antipsychotic Drugs



Used For: Schizophrenia, Extreme cases of bipolar

Brand Names:

Haldol, Prolixin, Thorazine

Effect: Reduces positive psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations through inhibiting the neurotransmitter dopamine

Side Effect: Tardive dyskinesia (movement disorder), Parkinson-like tremors

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Psychosurgery

Deep Brain Stimulation

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Assessing the Biomedical Approach:



Mental Health Hotline Numbers

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline800-273-TALK (8255)Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a weekhttp://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org

National Youth Crisis HotlinePhone: 800-448-4663National Institute of Mental Health Information Center866-615-64648 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST, Monday to Fridayhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml

Juvenile Court Services Abuse and Neglect HotlinePhone: 702-399-0081

Self-Injury HotlinePhone: 800-DON’T CUT (800-366-8288)

Gay and Lesbian National Hotline For all AgesPhone: 888-THE-GLN (843-4564)


Documents

· Web viewWhat does it mean to dissociate? Why are eating disorders so difficult to treat and recover from? How do personality disorders affect people? What does it mean to be mentally