Study Material of 1/7/2020
For Class Nursery to XII
Class Nursery
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Practice book Pg 23
· Do in the book
Math
· Practice book pg 49
(Only write the numbers from 1 to 30 and write the missing
numbers to be written)
· Do in the book
Art/Craft
· Pg 9
· Do in the book
Conversation
· Reading Book – Pg 26 (6 – 9)
· Learn
Class KG I
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Fill in the blanks
· Worksheet
Math
· Between Numbers
· Worksheet
Hindi
· गिनती
· Worksheet
Bengali
· সংখ্যা লেখঃ ১৬–২০
· Write in the copy
Drawing
· Learn how to draw a cat
· Do in the drawing copy (Check WhatsApp for the steps)
Class KG II
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· A/An – Worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Math
· Number Names – Worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Bengali
· এসো লিখিঃ Pg ১৫
· Write in the book
Hindi
· Answer Sheet – मात्राओ वाले शब्द
· Check WhatsApp for the Answer sheet
Drawing
· Learn how to draw a ‘cat’
· Do in the drawing copy (Check WhatsApp for the steps)
Class I
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English 1
Unit 1
Done
Learn
English 2
Unit 1
Done
Learn
EVS
Chapter 9
done
Page 143
B. tick the things
ANSWERS
1.(b) 2.(a) 3.(b)
Maths
Chapter 6
Done
Do page 217 full in book
Conversation
Ch 1 About me and my body.
In this this lesson we will learn how to say things about your
ownself.
Children if anyone asks you about your self what are main things
that you should say first-
Your full name
Eg. My name is Tania Roy.
Your age-
Eg. I am six years old.
Name of the school you study in-
Eg. I study in Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy School.
Which class-
Eg. I study in class 1
Your hobbies
Eg. I like to sing and dance
Practice saying these sentences at home.
Class II
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Eng literature
Ch 2 Friendship
Refer to pg 16 and 17
Continuation]
Now the deer thought of an idea to save the tortoise. It lied
down on the ground pretending or acting to be dead. The hunter saw
the deer and became very happy and left the tortoise on the ground
and walked towards the deer to catch it. As it was approaching
towards the deer , the mouse slowly went to the tortoise and cut
the net. The tortoise was free now and it slowly went to the river
water, the crow flew off and the deer after seing the tortoise was
free got up quickly and ran away. The hunter was left empty
handed.
*** Read pg 16 and 17
Eng language
Ch13 Adverbs
Refer to pg 62
Do in the book.
THIS WAS YOUR HOMEWORK,IM SENDING THE ANSWERS PLEASE CHECK WITH
YOUR ANSWERS AND PRACTICE.
EX A] Underline the verbs and circle the adverbs in these
sentences.
[ Continuation]
Answers
7. verb- answered adverb- wisely
8. verb –welcomed adverb- warmly
9. verb- ran
adverb – quickly
10. verb - sang
adverb – beautifully
11. verb – tied
Adverb – loosely
12 . verb- looked
Adverb - lovingly
EVS
Ch 8 Safety first
Refer to pg 141
Do in the book and learn
Ex a ] Fill in the words with the given words.
Answers
1. Zebra
2. Moving
3. Careful
4. Road
Conversation
Ch 1 From top to toe
Refer to pg 2
You have to match the things on the right column with the
bodyparts on the left column.
Say these sentences and then match them in the book.
1. Jeena wears the socks on her feet.
2. Jeena wears the belt on her waist.
3. Jeena wears the band on her head.
Jeena takes the bag on her shoulder.
*** Do in the book.
Bengali
বিষয়–রচনা
দুর্গাপূজা
দুর্গাপূজা
শরৎকালের দুর্গাপূজা হয়। পাঁচ দিন ধরে এই উৎসব চলে। দুর্গাপূজা
উপলক্ষে আমরা সকলেই উৎসবের আনন্দে মেতে উঠি। শিশুরা নতুন জামা কাপড়
পড়ে মনের আনন্দে ঘুরে বেড়ায়। প্রতিটি পূজা মণ্ডপের সামনে থাকে
মানুষের ভিড়।মণ্ডপগুলিওহয়সুসজ্জিত ও আকর্ষণীয় । পূজার দিন গুলিতে
বড়রাও অভাব-অভিযোগের কথা ভুলে আনন্দে মেতে ওঠে । বিজয়া দশমীর দিন
একে অপরকে প্রীতি ও শুভেচ্ছা জানানোহয়এবং ছোটরা বড়দের প্রণাম
জানায়।
Hindi
सर्वनाम
सही शब्दछाँटकर खाली स्थान भरिए।(in copy)
1.तुम____ काम करो।(अपना/ तुम्हारा)
2._____क्या पढ़ रहा है?(वे/ वह)
3. मैं____स्कूल जा रहा हूँ।(अपने/ मेरे)4.मोहन को____किताब दे
दो।(उसकी/ उनकी)5.कल____ अपने मामा जी के घर जाऊँगा।(हम/ मैं)
Mathematics
CHAPTER 6 SHAPES
LEARN THE TABLE OF REVIEW.
Computer
PLAYING WITH MS PAINT
Q1) WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MS PAINT?
ANS) MS PAINT IS A PROGRAM THAT LETS US MAKE DRAWINGS USING THE
MOUSE.
Q2) WRITE THE STEPS TO OPEN PAINT.
ANS) THE STEPS ARE:
1. CLICK ON THE START BUTTON
2. CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMS
3. CLICK ON ACCESSORIES
4. CLICK ON THE PAINT.
Q3) WHAT IS THE USE OF PAINT BUTTON?
ANS) PAINT BUTTON IS USED TO SAVE, OPEN AND PRINT THE
DRAWING/FILE.
Q4) NAME THE TOOLS AVAILABLE IN PAINT.
ANS) THE TOOLS AVAILABLE IN PAINT ARE
1. PENCIL
2. FILL WITH COLOUR
3. TEXT
4. ERASER
5. COLOUR PICKER
6. MAGNIFIER
Q5) WHAT IS THE USE OF FILL WITH COLOUR TOOL?
ANS) THE FILL WITH COLOUR TOOL IS USED TO FILL COLOURS IN THE
DRAWING.
Class III
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
HINDI
सर्वनाम
सही शब्द छाँटकर खाली स्थान भरिए।(in copy)
1.तुम____ काम करो। (अपना/ तुम्हारा )
2._____क्या पढ़ रहा है? (वे/ वह)
3. मैं____स्कूल जा रहा हूँ। (अपने/ मेरे) 4.मोहन को____किताब दे
दो। (उसकी/ उनकी) 5.कल____ अपने मामा जी के घर जाऊँगा। (हम/ मैं)
Eng language 1/7/20
Ch 19 Adverbs
We can add ly to adjectives to form adverbs.
**what is an adjectives?
Adjectives are words that describes a noun.
For eg
Ram is a brave boy.
*the word Ram is a noun and the word brave is an adjective as it
is describing the boy.
**To make adverb we simply add ly
For eg brave- bravely
**If the word end with a” y ”
Then we add ily to form adverb.
For eg lazy - lazily
Refer to pg 68
Do in the book.
Ex A} Add ly to these adjectives to form adverbs.
Adjectives
Adverbs
1.quiet
2. quick
3.hungry
4. lazy
5.pleasant
quietly
quickly
hungrily
lazily
pleasantly
Homework
do ex A [ 6 to 10] in the book.
বই – বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়
বিষয় – রচনা
পাতা – ১৩৫
রচনা – মাদার টেরেজা
মাদার টেরেসা
যে সকল বিদেশি নারী বিদেশ থেকে ভারতে এসে বসবাস করার পর বিশ্বে
খ্যাতি অর্জন করেন মাদার টেরেসা তাদের মধ্যে অন্যতম । ভারতে এসে তিনি
হয়ে উঠলেন মাদার - সকলের মা।
১৯১০ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ২৭ শে আগস্ট তিনি যুগোস্লাভিয়ার স্কোপজে শহরে
জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ভারতে আসার আগে তিনি অ্যাগনেশ নামে পরিচিত । মাত্র ১২
বছর বয়সেই ধর্মযাজক সংগঠনে যোগদান করেন । মাত্র ১৮ বছর বয়সে তিনি
কলকাতায় আসেন। কলকাতায় শিক্ষিকা হিসেবে কাজ করার ফাঁকে ফাঁকে তিনি
তার বিদ্যালয় এর আশেপাশে দুঃখী মানুষের সেবায় কাজে লেগে যান। তিনি
মিশনারিজ অফ চ্যারিটি নামে এক সেবামূলক প্রতিষ্ঠান গড়ে তোলেন তার
সেবার কথা সমগ্র বিশ্বে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে তিনি মাদার মানামে সকলের কাছে
শ্রদ্ধা অর্জন করেন তার পরিধানে শোভা পেত ভারতীয় পোশাক নীল আর সাদা
শাড়ি। ১৯৭৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে খ্রিস্টাব্দে শান্তির জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার
লাভ করেন । ১৯৯৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ৫ই সেপ্টেম্বর এই মহান সেবিকা মাদার
টেরেসা পরলোক গমন করেন।
Social studies
Indian literature
Mahabharata:
Mahabharata was narrated by the sage, Ved Vyasa and Lord Ganesha
wrote it down. It is the longest epic consisting of over 100,000
slokas and about 1.8 million words total. It is four times long
than Ramayana. Mahabharata narrates the Kurukshetra war between the
Pandavas and the Kauravas. They were the sons of two brothers, King
Pandu and King Dhritrashtra. Pandu had five sons whereas
Dhritrashtra had hundred sons. The war between the brothers was one
of the bloodiest wars ever fought in history. Lord Krishna became
the charioteer of Arjuna. The teachings given by Lord Krishna to
Arjuna during the war, were compiled in the Bhagavad Gita.
Solved exercise:
Put a tick ✓ on a correct option:
1.Panchatantra is translated into how many languages?
Ans: ( c) 57
2.Jataka tales has about
Ans: (c ) 550 tales.
3.Ramayana was composed by
Ans: (c ) Valmiki
4. Mahabharata was written down by
Ans: (b ) Lord Ganesha.
Science
Ch – Food we get from Plants
Herbs – Herbs are very small plants. They have soft green stems.
Most herbs live for a few months. Rice, spinach, mint are examples
of herbs.
Climbers – Some plants have weak stems. They cannot grow
straight on their own. They need support to grow straight. They
need support of other plants, sticks or wire nets. They are known
as climber plants. Bean, money plants are examples of climbers.
Question & answers
What are trees? Write the names of any two trees.
Ans. Most big and tall plants have thick, hard and woody stems.
They are known as trees. Eg. banyan tree, mango tree.
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 8
Money
Addition of money
1. Addition without regrouping [Add paise to paise and rupees to
rupees.]
2. Addition with regrouping [Add paise to paise and regroup into
rupees, then add rupees.]
Exercise – 46
Add:
2. Rs. P
4 5 3 9
+ 2 4 2 1
7. Rs. P
1 1
1 7 8 1
2 0 8 5
+ 3 0 3 0
8. Rs. P
1 1 1
6 0 9 0
8 0 9
+ 2 8 5
6 9 6 0
6 8 9 6
7 1 8 4
Write in columns and add: 10. Rs.27.70, Rs.0.05 and Rs.18.96
· Solution: Rs.
11 1
27.70
0.05
+ 18.96
46.71 The sum = Rs.46.71
14. Sheena bought eggs for Rs.9.25, biscuits for Rs.15.50 and
milk for Rs.10.50. How much money did she spend?
Rs.
11 1
= 9.25
= 15.50
= +10.50
= 35.25
· Solution:
Cost of eggs
Cost of biscuits
Cost of milk
Total cost
Sheena spent Rs.35.25.
15. Shruti had Rs.70.70 in her savings bag. She saved Rs.10.20
and Rs.15.35 in next two weeks. How much money does she have now in
her savings bag?
Rs.
1
= 70.70
= 10.20
= + 15.35
= 96.25
· Solution:
Shruti had in her savings bag
She saved in first week
She saved in second week
Total savings
Now she has Rs.96.25 in her savings bag.
Home work(Exercise-46)
5. Rs. P
4 2 7 3
+ 4 1 0 3
6. Rs. P
3 6 0 9
+ 4 9 8 5
12. Mayur got Rs.5.85 from his father and Rs.23.30 from his
mother. How much money did he get in all?
Class IV
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English language
Verbs: the – ingform.
Explanation already done in the last lesson.
Solved exercise:
Say which of the – ingforms of verbs in the sentences given
below have been used as adjectives and which to form continuous
tenses: (page 33)
9.were cycling – past continuous
10. setting – adjectives
11. were attending – past continuous
Ailing – adjective.
12. chattering – adjective.
Was approaching – past continuous.
13. were watching – past continuous.
14. were trying – past continuous.
15. are walking – present continuous.
16. will be running – future continuous.
17. melting –adjective.
18. is reading – present continuous.
19. will be singing – future continuous
Dancing –adjective.
20. thrilling – adjective.
Social studies
Map reading
Scale of a map:
The scale is a distance reductionin a map to show the relative
size. For example, one centimeter on a map may represent hundred
kilometers.
Key or legend of a map:
A legend or a key of a map explains what the colour, sign and
symbol represent. It is usually indicated in a box at the corner of
the map. The legend helps usto study the map easily.
Solved exercises:
Put a tick ✓ on the correct option:
1.How many Cardinal directions are there?
Ans: (c ) 4.
2.These maps are based on a particular theme
Ans:. (a) thematic maps
3.Light blue colouron a map indicates
Ans: (b) shallow.
4.Man made structures are shown on a map in
Ans: ( b) black colour.
Hindi 2ndlang
काला हिरन
क) हिरणों पर कौन सी मुसीबत आई थी?
ख)काले हिरण को जाल में फंसा देखकर बाकी हीरोनों ने क्या किया?
ग)राजकुमार ने काले हिरण को छोड़ने का आदेश क्यों दिया ?
घ)राजा बनने के बाद राजकुमार ने क्या किया ?
उत्तर–
1) शिकारियों ने हमला कर दिया था।
2) सारे हिरण घेरा बनाकर काले हिरण के पास आकर खड़े हो गए।
3) जहां काला हिरण फसा था वहां पर जानवरों के संगठन का एक अद्भुत
दृश्य उपस्थित हो गया हिरनी की करुणा भरी मुख प्रार्थना ने राजकुमार
का ह्रदय पिघला दिया था इसलिए राजकुमार ने काले हिरण को छोड़ने का
आदेश दे दिया।
4) राजा बनते ही उसने जंगली जानवरों के शिकार पर रोक लगा दी इस
प्रकार जंगल के सभी जानवर निर्भय होकर सुख से रहने लगे।
2.सही वाक्य के सामने सत्य तथा गलत वाक्य के सामने असत्य
लिखिए।
क) शाम का समय हिरणों के पानी पीने का सुरक्षित समय था।(असत्य)
ख) काला हिरन दूसरे हिरणों से तेज दौड़ सकता था( सत्य)
ग)काले हिरण की चमकीली आंखों से सब जानवर प्यार करते थे(सत्य)
घ)झील को देखकर शिकारियों की जान में जान आ गई।( सत्य)
ड)राजकुमार सफेद हिरण को देखकर आश्चर्य में पड़ गया(असत्य)
च)काले हिरण को जाल में फंसा देखकर सभी हिरण भाग गए।(असत्य)
3.लिंग परिवर्तन कीजिए।
बुद्धिमान- बुद्धि मती भाग्यवान भाग्यवती शक्तिमान-शक्तिशाली
धनवान-धनवती गुणवान- गुणवती
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়
বিষয়–রচনা
পাতা– ১৬৮
রচনা–বর্ষাকাল
বর্ষাকাল
গ্রীষ্ম বর্ষা শরৎ হেমন্ত শীত ও বসন্ত এই ছটি ঋতু নিয়ে আমাদের
ঋতুচক্র। আষাঢ় শ্রাবণ এইদুই মাস বর্ষাকাল।গ্রীষ্মকালেখাল বিল নদী
পুকুর গাছপালা যখন শুকিয়ে যায় এমন সময় বর্ষা এসে তাদের মন প্রাণ
জুড়ায় ,তৃষ্ণা মেটায় ,তারা স্বস্তির নিঃশ্বাস ফেলে ।বর্ষাকালে
অবিরাম ধারায় বৃষ্টি পড়ে, চারিদিক সতেজ সবুজ হয়ে ওঠে। বৃষ্টির
রিমঝিম শব্দ বিদ্যুতেরঝিলিক মেঘের গুরুগুরু গর্জনেবর্ষা প্রকৃতি
আমাদের মন মাতিয়ে তোলে । বর্ষাকালে কৃষকরা কাঁধেলাঙ্গলনিয়ে মাঠে
বেরিয়ে পড়ে । বাঙালির প্রধান শস্য ধানএই সময় তার চাষ হয়। এইসময়
নানা রকম ফুলও চোখে পড়ে।এই সময় বেল , জুঁই , টগর ,কদম
,কেতকীবিভিন্নফুলফোটে।তবে অতিবৃষ্টি বন্যা ডেকে আনে, বন্যায় প্রচুর
ফসল নষ্ট হয়, বিভিন্ন রোগ দেখা দেয়। বর্ষাকালের সৌন্দর্যের জন্য কত
কবি এইবর্ষাকালকে নিয়ে কত গান , কবিতা রচনা করেছেন তার অন্ত নেই।
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 9
Common Fraction
To find a fraction equivalent to a given fraction:
Note: When we multiply or divide the numerator and denominator
of a fraction by the same (non-zero) number, we get an equivalent
fraction.
Exercise – 39
1. Write the next three fractions equivalent to each of the
following:
(c) (d)
· Solution:
(c) = = ; = = ; = =
(d) = = ; = = ; = =
2. Write a fractions equivalent to each of the following:
(b); (c)
· Solution:
(b) = = ; (c) = =
3. Fill in the blanks:
(a) = (b) = (c) =
· Solution:
(a) = = ; (b) = = ; (c) = =
4. Fill in the blanks:
(a) = ; (b) = ; (c) =
· Solution:
(a) = = ; (b) = = ; (c) = =
Home Work/Exercise – 39
1. Write the next three fractions equivalent to each of the
following: (b)
2. Write a fractions equivalent to each of the following:
(a)
Class V
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলাসাহিত্যপরিচয়
পাঠ–১৫
গল্প–মাস্টারদা
লেখক–অশোককুমারমুখোপাধ্যায়
অনুশীলনীরপ্রশ্নোত্তর
৩। শূন্যস্থানপূরণকরো:-
ক) চট্টগ্রাম ইংরেজ শাসন থেকে মুক্ত এমন ঘোষণা করেছে এই ছেলের
দল।
খ)ভারতবর্ষশাসন করতে এসে ইংরেজরা বোধহয় এমন মার এর আগে
কমইখেয়েছে।
গ)প্রতিবাদ করতে গেলেই এদেশের মানুষের কপালে জুটেছে অত্যাচার।
ঘ)রামকৃষ্ণবিবেকানন্দই ছিলেন মাস্টার আদর্শ পুরুষ।
ঙ)জালালাবাদ পাহাড়ে লড়াই এর আগেও রবীন্দ্রনাথের গান কবিতা
শুনেছেন তিনি।
৪। বিপরীতশব্দ :-
স্বাধীন × পরাধীন/ যুদ্ধ × শান্তি/অন্যায় × ন্যায়/
বন্ধু × শত্রু/ সম্মান × অসম্মান/ ভক্তি ×অভক্তি।
৫। সমার্থকশব্দ :-
আগুন = বহ্নি/
যোগ্য = উপযুক্ত/
নগর = শহর/ অবাক = হতভম্ব/ মন = মনন/ ঐশ্বর্য = সম্পদ।
Social studies
Indian Government
Elections:
India is a democratic country.
The citizens of India elect the government through the procedure
of elections. Political parties are different groups of people who
have common beliefs. There are many political parties in India.
Some political parties are found throughout the country and are
called national parties. Indian National Congress and Bharatiya
Janata Party are examples of national parties. On the other hand
some political parties exist only in a region and are called
regional parties.
Elections in India:
In India, elections are held every 5 years. The country is
divided into smaller units called constituencies. all the citizens
who are 18 years of age or above can cast their vote for the
representatives of their choices. There are several candidates who
fight the election in a constituency. They belong to different
political parties. When elected the candidate becomes the MP (for
union government election) or the MLA (for state government
elections). The political party that wins more than half of the
seats in the legislature forms the government. The other parties
form the opposition. They keep a check on the working of the
government and citizens, whether or not functioning properly.
1.What do you mean by Political parties?
Ans: Political parties are different groups of people who have
common beliefs.
2.Name two national parties of India.
Ans: Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party.
3.What do you mean by regional parties?
Ans: Some political parties exist only in a region and are
called regional parties.
4.Define the term Constituencies.
Ans: The country is divided into smaller units called
constituencies.
English literature
Sour grapes
A fox was trotting on one day and he saw lovely grapes just
above his head. The grapes where rich, ripe and purple- red. He was
impatient to grab the fruit but it was too high. He gave it up by
letting out a deep sigh.
He then said to himself that he has wasted his time upon such a
common fruit and he is sure that those grapes were sour.
The poet then concludes the poem by saying that we often say
this in our real life. When we fail to do or achieve something in
our lives, we often say like the fox that “we 're sure the grapes
are sour”.
Write the synonyms of:
7. Pow'r- power.
8. Reynard- the proper name for a fox (in French fables)
9. Thro'- through
10. ‘Tis- it is
11. Seeking- attempt to find.
12. Wealth- money
COMPUTER
ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART
Q2) WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?
ANS) AN ALGORITHM IS A SEQUENCE OF STEPS CARRIED OUT TO SOLVE A
GIVEN PROBLEM. ALGORITHMS ARE WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE.
Q3) WHAT IS A FLOWCHART?
ANS)A FLOWCHART IS A GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF AN ALGORITHM..FLOW
CHARTS SHOW THE SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION IN A PROGRAM. VARIOUS
SYMBOLS ARE USED TO CREATE A FLOWCHART.
Q4) NAME SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.
ANS)COBOL,C++,JAVA AND HTML ARE SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.
Q5) WHAT ARE THE POINTS NEEDED TO BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE DRAWING
A FLOWCHART?
ANS) THE POINTS ARE:
5. THERE CAN BE ONLY WON'T START AND STOP IN A FLOWCHART.
7. THE DIRECTION OF FLOW LINES MUST BE FROM TOP TO BUTTON OR
LEFT TO RIGHT.
1. ARROWS MUST ALWAYS BE MARKED WITH ARROW HEADS.
1. USE PROPER SYMBOL AT EACH STEP LIKE INPUT/OUTPUT, DECISION OR
PROCESSING.
Hindi 2ndlang
पक्षी रक्षक
· प्रत्येक मनुष्य को जीवन में अपना लक्ष्य निर्धारित करना चाहिए
कि उसे जीवन में क्या बनना है और क्या करना है।
· मनुष्य को जिस काम को करने में ज्यादा अच्छा लगे कर्म क्षेत्र
में वही काम करना चाहिए बिना मन के किया गया काम उन्नति दायक नहीं
होता है।
यह कहानी हैसीरियल एक बच्चे कीजो न्यूजीलैंड में रहता था।उसे पढ़ाई
लिखाई में कोई दिलचस्पी नहीं थी वह स्कूल नहीं जाना चाहता था वह हमेशा
पेड़ों पर चढ़ना और पक्षियों की घोषणा में झांकना ही उसे अच्छा लगता
था।तभी भारत से आए हुए डॉ राव भी मुस्कुराते हुए बोले कि बचपन में
उन्हें भी पढ़ाई लिखाई में ज्यादा दिलचस्पी नहीं थी। डॉ राव उसे अपने
कमरे में ले जाते हुए अपने लिखी कुछ पक्षियों के विषय में पुस्तक
दिखाई शिरीन जब वह पुस्तक देखा उसमेंक ई दुर्लभ पक्षियों के चित्र थे
। जिसे देखकरसिरिलआश्चर्यचकित दुआ और कहा ऐसे पक्षियों को उसने देखा
है। तभी डॉक्टर ने कहा काला रोबिन नाम पक्षी बहुत ही दुर्लभ है यह
तुमने कहा देखा तभी सिरिल ने कहा कि उसने व लूट के पेड़ के ऊपर ऐसे
पक्षी को देखा है डॉ राव विश्वास नहीं कर पा रहे थे इसलिए वह दूरबीन
लेकर पेड़ के नीचे उसके साथ गए और उन्होंने काफी इंतजार के बाद काले
रॉबिन को देखा शिवा सुबह-सुबह भी काले रॉबिन को देखने गए और कहांकि यह
प्रजाति विलुप्त हो चुकी है तुम अगर इनके अंडे को दूसरे चिड़ियों के
घोसले में रख दो तोराबिन फिर से अंडे देंगे और इनकी प्रजातियां
धीरे-धीरे बढ़ती रहेगी।सिरिल ने ऐसा ही किया। डॉ राव ने उसे सलाह दी
चिड़ियों को देखनाजारी रखें इस तरह धीरे-धीरेसिरिलमे बदलाव आआया और वह
अब पढाई के साथ साथ पक्षियों के बारे मे भी जानकारी लेता रहा
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 6
Common Fractions
Multiplication of a whole number by a fractional number:
Note: To multiply a whole number by a fractional number, we
convert the whole number into a fractional number and then multiply
it by the given fractional number using the method of
multiplication of a fractional number by a fractional number.
Continued product:
Note: To multiply more than two fractional numbers together, we
multiply their numerators to ge the numerator and multiply their
denominators to get the denominator of the required product.
[We should not forget to convert mixed number into improper
fractions before multiplying.]
Exercise – 32
Find the value of:
7. of 155; 8. of 36
· Solution:
7. of 155 = = = 93
8. of 36 = = =
Multiply:
13. 52 14. 50 15. 40 2
16. 130 3
· Solution:
13. 52 = = = 16
14. 50 = = = 20
15. 40 2 = = = = 83
16. 130 3 = = = = 487
Exercise – 33
Simplify:
6. 2
· Solution:
6. 2 = =
= = = 19
8.
· Solution:
8. =
= = =
= = = 6
9.
· Solution:
9. =
= = =
= =
11.
· Solution:
11. =
= = = = =
=
12.
· Solution: 12.
= - = - = = =
Home Work
Ex- 32: 11. 60
Ex – 33: 7.
Class VI
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
BIOLOGY
Ch-4
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
NUTRIENTS
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to
survive, grow, and reproduce.
Types of nutrients
The six essential nutrients are vitamins, minerals,
protein, fats, water, and carbohydrates.
NUTRITION
It is the process by which a living organism assimilates food
and uses it for growth and for replacement of tissues.
Steps involved in the process of Nutrition
Five steps in the process of Nutrition in
Animals
These are: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and
Egestion.
1. INGESTION:- The process of taking in food into the body is
called Ingestion.
2. DIGESTION- It involves the break down of nutrients such as
proteins into amino acids, carbohydrates into starch and fats into
fatty acids and glycerol .
3. ABSORPTION- It involves the absorption of nutrients from the
food by blood.
4. ASSIMILATION- It involves the process of transporting
nutrients and water to all parts of the body by blood.
5. EGESTION- It involves the disposal of waste food out from the
body.
***** Learn the Steps involved in the process of Nutrition
English literature
In the bazaars of Hyderabad- Sarojini Naidu
Through the poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad Sarojini wanted to
convey the message that India is rich in tradition and
they don’t need the foreign products. So, she goes on to give a
picture of a bazaar where traditional Indian products are
ruling.
The poem is in the form of questions and answers. The
poet asks the questions and the merchants answer them. Through
this technique she make the picture of the bazaar visible to
us.
Write the synonyms of:
1. Merchant- a person supplying goods to a particular trade.
2. Displayed- shown
3. Daggers- a short knife with pointed and edged blade used as a
weapon.
4. Goldsmiths- A person who makes gold articles
5. Anklet-an ornament worn around an ankle.
6. Azure- bright blue in colour like a cloudless sky.
MATH
Number
H.C.F. and L.C.M.
Study Item : Some solved sums from exercise 8(A)
1)Write all the factors of:
(i) 15
Ans : Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15.
(ii) 55
Ans : Factors of 55 are 1, 5, 11 and 55.
(iii) 48
Ans : Factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16.24 and 48.
(iv) 36
Ans : Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ans 36.
(v) 84
Ans : Factors of 84 are 1, 2,3,4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42 and
84.
2) Write all prime numbers :
(i) Less than 25
Ans : All prime numbers less than 25 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
19 and 23.
(ii) Between 15 and 35
Ans : All prime numbers between 15 and 35 are 17, 19, 23, 29 and
31.
(iii) Between 8 and 76
Ans : All prime numbers between 8 and 76 are 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,
29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71 and 73.
3) Write the prime numbers from :
(i) 5 to 45
Ans : All prime numbers from 5 to 45 are 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
23 29,31, 37, 41 and 43.
4) Write the prime factors of :
(i) 16
Ans : All the factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.
Therefore, prime factor of 16 = 2
(ii) 27
Ans : All the factors of 27 are 1, 3, 9 and 27.
Therefore, prime factor of 27 = 3
(iii) 35
Ans : All the factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7 and 35.
Therefore, prime factors of 35 = 5 and 7
(iv) 49
Ans : All the factors of 49 are 1, 7 and 49.
Therefore, prime factor of 49 = 7
5) If Pn means prime factors of n , find :
(i) P6
Ans : F6 = 1,2,3 and 6
Therefore, P.F6 = 2 and 3
(ii) P24
Ans : F24 = 1, 2, 3,4,6,8,12 and 24
Therefore, P.F24 = 2 and 3
(iii) P50
Ans : F50 = 1, 2,5, 10,25 and 50
Therefore, P.F50 = 2 and 5
(iv) P42
Ans : F42 = 1, 2,3, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 42
Therefore, P.F42 = 2, 3 and 7.
BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)
পশুপাখিরভাষা
সুবিনয়রায়চৌধুরী
রিউবেন ক্যাস্টং নামে একজন সাহেব পশুপাখিদের ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণা
করেছেন। তিনি পশুপাখির মনের ভাষা বুঝতে পারেন। তাদের ভাষা বুঝতে পারেন
বলে তিনি বন জঙ্গলে অনেক বার বিপদ আর মৃত্যুর মুখোমুখি হয়েও প্রানে
বেঁচে ফিরে ছেন। এক কথায় বলা যায় ক্যাস্টং সাহেবের পশুদের ভাষার জ্ঞান
আছে। তিনি জংলি হাতির সামনে অনেক বার পরেছেন, বাঘের গরম নিঃশ্বাস
অনুভব করেছেন।
সাহেব বলছেন; যদি আমারা পশুপাখির ভাষায় ওদের সাথে কথা বলি তাহলে
আমরা ওদের বন্ধু হতে পারি, ওদের আদব কায়দা অনুসারে ওদের কাছে গেলে কোন
ভয়ের কারণ থাকবে না।
ক্যাস্টং সাহেব প্রায় চল্লিশ বছর পশুপাখিদের সঙ্গে কাটিয়েছেন। তাঁর
অভিজ্ঞতায় পোষা জন্তুরা জঙ্গলের জন্তুদের তুলনায় বেশি চেঁচামেচি করে।
জঙ্গলের জন্তুদের সর্বদা জঙ্গলে প্রাণ বাঁচিয়ে চলতে হয় তাই তারা নীরব
হয়। সাহেব পশুপাখির আওয়াজ অবিকল নকল করে অনেক বার প্রানে বেঁচেছেন।
পশুদের মধ্যে শিম্পাঞ্জি, ওরাং ওটাং, বনমানুষ এদের বিশেষ কিছু ভাষা
নেই। ক্যাস্টং সাহেব আরও বলেন হাতি, সিংহ, বাঘ, শ্বেত ভাল্লুকের এদের
গায়ে হাত দেবার আগে বিশেষ কতগুলি দিক লক্ষ্য রাখতে হবে, আমাদের আওয়াজে
ওরা সারা দিচ্ছে কিনা। তার পর খুব সাবধানে অত্যন্ত ধীরে ধীরে মেজাজ
বুঝে এগিয়ে গায়ে হাত দিতে হবে। যেমন বাঘের চেয়ে চিতা সহজে তাড়াতাড়ি
পোষ মানে আর ভাব পাতায় কারণ চিতাকে দেখলে অনেটা বিড়াল- বিড়াল মনে হয়।
নিরামিষাশী জন্তুরা লোভী তারা খাবারের লোভে ভাব পাতায়। কিন্তু আমিষাশী
জন্তুরা লোভী নয় এরা খাবারের জন্য কারো সাথে ভাব পাতায় না, খাবারের
সময় এরা কারো সঙ্গে ভাব করেনা। শিম্পাঞ্জি, ওরাংওটাং, বনমানুষ এরা তো
মানুষেরই জাতভাই এদের ভাষা তেমন নেই তবে এরা ভালোবাসা, সহানু ভূতি
বোঝে, ভাব পাতায় মানুষেরই মতো। গরিলাও অনেকটা এরকম কিন্তু একটু চালাক
কম।
শব্দার্থ
ভাষা- মনের ভাব প্রকাশ করার মাধ্যম।
জীব- যাদের প্রাণ আছে
পরস্পর- একে অপর
গাম্ভীর্য- গম্ভীর
আকর্ষণ- আকৃষ্ট করা
ভাবপাতানো- বন্ধুত্ব করা
জ্ঞান- কোন বিষয়ে অধিকজানা
সাক্ষাৎ- দেখা
নিরাপদ- বিপদ মুক্ত
আদবকায়দা- ব্যবহারের রীতিনীতি
মাহুত- হাতি চালায় যিনি
অবিকল- হুবুহুবু
ইশারা- ইঙ্গিত
চেঁচামেচি- চিৎকার
গবেষণা- পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা
নিরামিষাশী- যে/যারা নিরামিষ খাদ্য খায়
আমিষাশী- যে/যারা আমিষ খাদ্য খায়
সহানুভূতি- সমবেদনা
চালাক- বুদ্ধিমান
HINDI
मंत्र
6. बूढ़े व्यक्ति ने डॉक्टर साहब के आगे पगड़ी उतार कर क्यों
रखदी?
7. सांप के काटने पर कैलाश के साथ क्या हुआ ?
8. मृणालिनी कैलाश से किस काम को करने के लिए जिद करने लगी? कैलाश
ने पहले-पहले मना क्यों कर दिया था?
9.साफ द्वारा काटे जाने पर डॉक्टर चड्ढा क्या करना चाहते थे? पर
कैलाश उनकी बात क्यों नहीं मान रहा था?
10.डॉ चड्डा का घर उजड गया यह सुनते ही भगत तेज – तेज कदमों से
क्यों चलने लगा? डॉ तथा भगत के चरित्र में क्या अंतर था ?
उत्तर
6. बूढ़े व्यक्ति ने डॉक्टर साहब के आगे पगड़ी उतार कर अपने बच्चे
के इलाज के लिए राख दी।
7.वह अचेत हो गया और उसका शरीर भी नीला पढ़ गया।
8.मृणालिनी कैलाश से साफ दिखाने के लिए जिद कर रही थी और कैलाश ने
डाल ने का कोशिश कर रहा था क्यों कि रात का समय था|
Subject-French (3rd Language)
Class VII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Hindi 2ndlang
एक था राम
7.राम ने पश्चाताप कैसे किया ?
8.रवि शंकर जी एक समझदार एवं दयालु अध्यापक थे इस कथन को सिद्ध करो
।
9.अध्यापक ने राम से किस बात के लिए संकोच ना करने के लिए कहा था
?
10.राम ने अपना विवेक कब खो दिया ?
11.“आपकी हिम्मत कैसे हुई मुझे नकल में पकड़ने की”
क) यह किसने कहा? किस को कहा?
ख)राम ने गुरु का अपमान क्यों किया ?
ग)“उल्टा चोर कोतवाल को डांटे” मुहावरे का अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य प्रयोग
करो ।
उत्तर
7.अध्यापक से माफी मांगने का निश्चय करके और खराब दोस्तों की संगति
छोड़कर।
8.उन्होंने राम की नकल वाली पर्ची अवश्य ली किंतु राम को निष्कासित
होने से बचा लिया। यदि वे चाहते तो फोरम भरवा लेते और उसका 1 साल
बर्बाद हो जाता।
9.अध्यापक ने राम को गणित के सवाल पूछने में ना संकोच करने के लिए
कहा।
10.अपने गुरु का अपमान करते समय राम ने अपना विवेक खो दिया।
11.क)यह कथन राम ने अपने अध्यापक को कहा।
ख)राम को संगति के प्रभाव में आकर अपने गुरु का अपमान कर बैठा
परंतु गुरु अपना बड़प्पन दिखाते हुए कुछ नहीं बोले।
ग)अपनी गलती ना मानकर दूसरों को दोष देना।
वाक्य-रामनकल भी कर रहा था और पकड़े जाने पर अपने गुरु को कहा आपकी
हिम्मत कैसे हुई मुझे नकल करते हुए पकड़ने की।
বাংলা
**বই–বাংলা ভাষা অন্বেষা
পাঠ–৪
বিষয়–কারক–বিভক্তি - অনুসর্গ
প্রশ্ন :-
৪। বিভক্তি কাকে বলে যেসব বর্ণ বা বর্ণ শব্দ বা ধাতুর সঙ্গে যুক্ত
হয়ে শব্দ বা ধাতুকে পথে পরিণত করে এবং কারক সম্বন্ধ নির্ণয়ে সাহায্য
করে তাদের বিভক্তি বলে।
যেমন :- রামের আজ ছুটি।
( রাম + এর ) রাম শব্দের সাথে এরবর্ণগুচ্ছযুক্ত হয়ে বাক্য গঠন
হয়েছে। এখানে ‘এর’ হলো বিভক্তি।
৫। শূন্য বিভক্তি কি?
উঃবিভক্তিহীন ভাবে কোন শব্দেই পদে পরিণত হতে পারে না , তাই যেখানে
আপাতদৃষ্টিতে মনে হয় বিভক্তি নেই; সেখানে শূন্য বিভক্তি আছে ধরা
হয়।
যেমন :- রাম ভাত খায়।
এখানে আপাতদৃষ্টিতে মনে হচ্ছে কোন বিভক্তি নেই তাই ধরা হয় ‘রাম’ -
এর সাথে শূন্য বিভক্তি যুক্ত হয়েছে।
৬। অনুসর্গ কাকে বলে?
উঃবিভক্তিছাড়া কয়েকটিঅব্যয়পদ নামপদের পরে আলাদাভাবে বসে সেই পদের
কারক নির্ণযে সাহায্য করে এবং বাক্যকে অর্থবহ করে তোলে , সেই অব্যয়
পদ গুলিকে অনুসর্গ বলে। যেমন :- রামের চেয়েশ্যাম বড়।
এখানে ‘চেয়ে’অব্যয়পদটিহলোঅনুসর্গ।
History and civics
The Delhi Sultanate
Case study:
The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 – 1414 AD)
GhiyasuddinTughlaq (1320 – 1325 AD)
Ghazi Malik took the title of GhiyasuddinTughlaq Shah and
ascended the throne in 1320 AD. He was a kind ruler and a patron of
learning. He died in 1325 AD when a pavilion built for a public
reception in his honour, collapsed.
Muhammad-bin Tughlaq (1325- 1351 AD)
Ghiyasuddin was succeeded by his son Muhammad-bin Tughlaq. He is
known for his various projects-
Taxation in Doab
Transfer of capital
Introduction of Token Currency
Plans of conquests
The result of his failure was that although he had inherited a
vast kingdom, but at the time of his death (1351 AD), it was
considerably reduced in size. He was succeeded by his cousin Firoz
Shah Tughlaq (1351 -1388 AD)
Ten years after Firoz Shah's death (1388 AD), Timur who had
risen to power in Central Asia, invaded Delhi. Tughlaq Dynasty came
to an end in 1413 AD.
Comparative study between the Khiljis and Tughlaqs
1.The Khiljis ruled for the shortest period whereas the Tughlaqs
ruled for the longest period.
2.The Khiljis expanded their kingdom but the Tughlaqs had Delhi
and some adjoining areas.
3.The Khiljis had stable administration whereas the Tughlaqs
couldn’t maintain peace and prosperity.
4.The Khilji sultan Alauddin was an example of success whereas
Muhammad Tughlaq represented failure.
5.The rule of the Khiljis was the period of the ascendence of
the Sultanate whereas the rule of Tughlaqs was marked by
disintegration.
6.The buildings of the Khilji period are full of Muslim
architectural ideas. But the buildings of the Tughlaq period lack
that grace and beauty.
1. Who put an end to the Khilji Dynasty?
Ans: GhiyasuddinTughlaq.
2. What were the various projects did Muhammad-bin Tughlaq
introduced?
Ans: Taxation in Doab, transfer of capital, introduction of
Token Currency and plans of conquests.
3. Write at least three differences between the Khiljis and
Tughlaqs.
Ans: 1. The Khiljis ruled for the shortest period whereas the
Tughlaqs ruled for the longest period.
2. The Khiljis had a stable administration but the Tughlaqs were
not able to maintain peace and prosperity.
3. The Khilji sultan Alauddin was an example of success whereas
Muhammad Tughlaq represented failure.
Biology
Chapter - 3 : Photosynthesis and respiration in plants
All living organism
( plants and animals ) need food for energy and growth . Green
plants ( autotrophs ) prepare food for all living organisms.
Today we will discuss about stomata and its working.
Q4. What do you mean by stomata ? Draw the structure of open
stomata . Write about working of stomata.
· The undersurface of leaves have numerous minute pores called
stomata.
THE STRUCTURE OF STOMATA:
WORKING OF STOMATA:
· I) The main function of stomata is to let carbon-di-oxide
enter the leaf for the process of photosynthesis .
· Ii) During day time, stomata are open to allow carbon-di-oxide
to enter the leaf .
· Iii) During day time, the guard cells absorb water from the
adjacent epidermal cells.
· Iv) This causes the guard cells to swell and bulge outwards ,
resulting in the opening of stomata.
· V) During the night time , the guard cells not lose water
through transpiration .So, loose their turgidity and become flaccid
,resulting in the closing of stomata.
GEOGRAPHY
ATMOSPHERE
THE OZONE LAYER AND ITSIMPORTANCE:
· Ozone (O3) is a heat trapping gas.
· Ozone (O3) located in the stratosphere.
· Ozone (O3) absorbs ultraviolet rays (UV ray)
Causes of Depletion of Ozone Layer:
Certain human activities release chlorofluorocarbons and other
harmfulchemicals that destroy the beneficial ozone layer.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)contain chlorine that strikes
the ozone and splits it apart. Thus, they are a major cause behind
the thinning of the ozone layer.
Chlorofluorocarbon is far less abundant than carbon dioxide but
they are 10000times more powerful as a greenhouse gas.
Impact of Depletion of Ozone Layer:
1. The ozone hole lets in increased amounts of harmful UV rays
and infrared rays that can causes skin cancer.
2. These rays adversely affect plants.
3. They can destroy aquatic life by penetrate in water.
Efforts toPrevent of Ozone Layer Depletion:
1. Several countries met in the city of Montrealin Canada on
16th September 1987 to agree to the Montreal Protocol. The chief
objective was to reach a global agreement to reduce the production
of the Ozone Depleting Substances.
2. All over the world, 16thSeptember is celebrated as the World
Ozone Day.
3. We should purchase products that are labeled ozone friendly'
or CFC-free.
(Chapter Completed)
Q1. What is Ozone? Where it is found?
A1. Ozone (O3) is a heat trapping gas. It is located in the
stratosphere of atmosphere.
Q2. What is main cause of ozone depletion?
A2. Certain human activities release chlorofluorocarbons and
other harmfulchemicals that destroy the beneficial ozone layer.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)contain chlorine that strikes
the ozone and splits it apart. Thus, they are a major cause behind
the thinning of the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbon is far less
abundant than carbon dioxide but they are 10000times more powerful
as a greenhouse gas.
Q3. Which date celebrates as World Ozone Day?
A3. All over the world, 16thSeptember is celebrated as the World
Ozone Day.
Math
Number System
Decimal Fraction
What is decimal places ?
Ans : The number of figures that follow the decimal point is
called the number of decimal places.
Example: 59.83 have 2 decimal places.
46.153 have 3 decimal places.
There are two types of decimal places – (i) Like decimal places;
(ii) Unlike decimal places.
What is like decimal places?
Ans : Decimals having the same number of decimal places are
called like decimals.
Example :3.9 , 8.7 and 13.6
What is unlike decimal places?
Ans : Decimals having unequal number of decimal places are
called unlike decimals.
Example : 4.82 has 2 decimal places and 54.327 has 3 decimal
places
So, 4.82 and 54.327 are unlike fraction.
Some solved sums from exercise – 4(A)
1) Convert the following into fractions in their lowest
terms:
(i) 3.75
Ans : 3.75 = 375/100 = 15/4 (both the numbers divide by 25 )
(v) 2.405
Ans : 2.405 = 2405/1000 = 481/200
2)Convert into decimal fractions :
(ii) 79/100
Ans : 79/100 = 0.79
(v) ¾
Ans : 3/4 = (3×25)/(4×25) = 75/100 = 0.75
3)Write the number of decimal places in :
(i) 0.4762
Ans : 0.4762 , it has 4 decimal places.
(vi) 0.000879
Ans : 0.000879 , it has 6 decimal places.
4) Write the foiiowing decimals as word statesments :
(i) 0.4 = zero-point-four.
0.9 = zero-point-nine.
0.1 = zero-point- one.
(iv) 0.005 = zero-point-zero-zero-five.
0.207 = zero-point-two-zero-seven.
111.519 = one hundred eleven- point-five-one-nine.
5)Convert the given fractions into like fractions :
(i) 0.5 , 3.62 , 43.981 and 232.0037
Ans : The like fractions of above decimal fractions.
Therefore, like fraction :
0.5 = 0.5000
3.62 = 3.6200
43.981 = 43.9810
232.0037 = 232.0037
English Literature
The North Ship
Answer the following questions:-
1) What does the fearful trip symbolize?Ans:- The poem opens by
celebrating that “our fearful trip is done.” The “fearful trip” is
the mission through which the captain has led his people. It is a
symbol for the Civil war itself, which divided the country and left
more than 600,000 dead.
2) What does the ship symbolize?Ans:- Water represents the Holy
Spirit and Everlasting Life. Ships symbolize trade, commerce and
wealth. The ark of Noah, represents God’s faithful floating to
safety through the great flood. The ship is a symbol of the church,
with the cross as its mast.
3) What is the theme of the poem the North ship?Ans:- Larkin’s
poem, “The North Ship’, concerns the sailing of three ships. Each
of the ships “goes sailing by” past the speaker of the poem. The
poem depicts these ships as each undertaking qualitatively
different journeys, experiencing success, hardship and suffering
depending on the direction taken.
4) What is the difference between a ship and a vessel?Ans:- a
ship is a large ocean going vessel. A ship is a sailing vessel that
uses wind power or stream power or other man made energy sources,
rigged in such a manner that will allow it to sail and be
controlled. A ship is a floating vessel that transports cargo in
order to earn revenue.
G.K
Chapter-1
Inside the Human Body.
Read and name the organs:-
1) Liver (h)
2) Bladder ( c)
3) Spinal Cord (d)
4) Brain (f)
5) Pancreas (a)
6) Heart (e)
7) Kidneys (g)
8) Ear ( b)
Fill in the blank space:-
1) Blood takes less than 90 seconds on an average to circulate
through all the body’s 100,000 km of blood vessels.
2) Insulin is made in the pancreas of oxen.
Class VIII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
CHEMISTRY
Chapter –Physical and Chemical Changes
Every day, we see different types of changes around us,
like day turning into night, the season changing from winter to
summer, melting of ice to water, cooking of food,
etc. Changes take place all around us all the
time.
· Types of changes
1. Slow changes and fast changes
Some changes are fast and immediately
observable, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding, and
landslides. Other changes are slower and occur over a
longer period of time, such as weathering and erosion.
2. Natural and Man made changes
Changes which are done due to nature such as
changes of day – night , earthquakes of a place etc
are natural changes where as changes caused due
to human activities such as pollution is man made changes.
3. Periodic and Non periodic changes
Periodic changes are changes that
occur periodically at regular intervals
and non-periodic changes are changes that do
not occur periodically at regular intervals.
4. Reversible and Irreversible changes
A reversible change is a change that can be undone or
reversed.If you can get back the substances you started the
reaction with, that's a reversible reaction.
A change is called irreversible if it cannot be changed back
again.In an irreversible change, new materials are always formed.
Sometimes these new materials are useful to us.
5. Physical and Chemical changes
Physical changes only change the appearance of a
substance, not its chemical composition. Chemical
changes cause a substance to change into an entirely
substance with a new chemical formula. Chemical
changes are also known as chemical reactions.
GEOGRAPHY
MIGRATION
IMPACT OF MIGRATION ONSOCIOECONOMIC STRUCTUREOF THE SOCIETY:
Human migration takes place to maintain balance between the
physical/natural resources and human populations living in an area.
Throughout history, there has been movement of human population
across the world, which has contributed towards sustainable
management and utilization of resources.
However, the impact of migration can be both beneficial and
non-beneficial depending upon the respective perspectives of the
country from where the migration takes place and the host
country.
1. Migration leads to the growth of new cities and satellite
towns, which we call the urban sprawl. For example, Navi Mumbai,
Gurugram and Noida in India.
2. Migration may sometimes lead to overpopulation in reverie
deltas and coastal plains as these areas provide greater
opportunities in terms of livelihood.3. Problems related to
overcrowding are also caused due to migration. As a result
unhygienic living conditions may develop.
4. Migration nay result in geopolitical problems when refugees
me to a country in large numbers.
5. Some countries such as Canada, Australia and Venezuela
develop their resources with the help of emigrant population.
6. Migration also leads to exchange of culture. The presence of
Dutch, Portuguese, French and British colonies in India have
contributed to Indian cultural history European and Asian
populations that provide a unique character to the culture.
7. International migrants have the potential of transferring
their skills to the destination country, as a result of which brain
drain' takes place in their home country. We shall read more about
'brain drain' subsequently.
Q1. Write any one positive and negative impact of migration on
our society.
A1. Positive impact: Migration leads to the growth of new cities
and satellite towns, which we call the urban sprawl. For example,
Navi Mumbai, Gurugram and Noida in India.
Negative impact: Problems related to overcrowding are also
caused due to migration. As a result unhygienic living conditions
may develop.
Q2. What do you mean by emigrant population? Write its
effect.
A2. A person who leaves their own country in order to settle
permanently in another.
Some countries such as Canada, Australia and Venezuela develop
their resources with the help of emigrant population.
COMPUTER
ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHART
Q1) WHAT IS A FLOWCHART? WHAT ARE THE RULES OF A FLOWCHART?
ANS)A FLOWCHART IS A GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF AN ALGORITHM..FLOW
CHARTS SHOW THE SEQUENCE OF INFORMATION IN A PROGRAM. VARIOUS
SYMBOLS ARE USED TO CREATE A FLOWCHART.
THE RULES OF A FLOWCHART ARE:
1. THERE CAN BE ONLY WON'T START AND STOP IN A FLOWCHART.
2. THE DIRECTION OF FLOW LINES MUST BE FROM TOP TO BUTTON OR
LEFT TO RIGHT.
3. ARROWS MUST ALWAYS BE MARKED WITH ARROW HEADS.
4. USE PROPER SYMBOL AT EACH STEP LIKE INPUT/OUTPUT, DECISION OR
PROCESSING.
Q2) WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM? WHAT ARE ITS CHARACTERISTICS?
ANS)AN ALGORITHM IS A SEQUENCE OF STEPS CARRIED OUT TO SOLVE A
GIVEN PROBLEM. ALGORITHMS ARE WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ALGORITHM ARE:
· ALGORITHM MUST BE EFFICIENT AND WRITTEN WITH CLEAR AND LIMITED
NUMBER OF STEPS.
· IT SHOULD ACCEPT A SET OF INPUTS AND PRODUCE AND OUTPUT.
· AN ALGORITHM MUST WRITTEN USING SIMPLE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND
INDEPENDENT FROM A COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
· IT SHOULD DEVELOP A EASY PLATFORM FOR WRITING PROGRAMS.
Q3) DEFINE THE FOLLOWING AND DRAW THEIR SYMBOLS:
ANS)
English
Literature
The west wind-
John Mansfield.
In the poem 'The West Wind' by John Masefield, the poet starts
by describing, with very poetic imagery of birds, how the west wind
is different from other winds 'it's a warm wind, full of birds'
cries.' There is a touch of melancholy, perhaps home-sickness as he
describes how it brings tears too, and memories from an old land.
He goes on to describe the restful, pastoral beauty of the land
where even the dead can lie in the green. He then brings in voices,
perhaps of family and friends, calling him home as he is missing
April's beauty. The voices then tempt him some more with idyllic
images from home (white blossom, young green corn, running rabbits,
warm sun.) The voices seem to presume that the poet's heart is
sorrowful, bruised and sore. The end of the poem sees the poet
appear to make a decision. he will go home as he has decided that
is where he truly belongs.
Answer the following questions.
1. Why does the poet welcome the west wind?
The poet welcomes the west wind as a poet belongs from the west.
So, whenever the wind blows, he is reminded of his homeland, the
memories of cool green grass, Apple orchids, rabbits running in the
grass etc.
2. What kind of life does the poet say he is leading at the time
the west wind is blowing?
The poet is leading a miserable Life away from his homeland. The
poet feels nostalgic. He expresses his deep love for his homeland.
When the West wind blows it brings his childhood memories back and
he craves for the serenity and the peace of the country life. He is
tired exhausted, lonely and forlorn. He appears to be emotionally
tired or exhausted and longs to go back to his native place.
3. What are the good things in the West which the poet is
reminded about?
The good things in the West was the poet is reminded about are
the old brown hills, daffodils, birds cries, Apple orchids, larks
and thrushes singing, bright sun, warm rain, April’s blossom, young
green corn where the rabbits run, blue sky, white clouds, wild bees
,green wheat etc.
HISTORY AND CIVICS
Traders To Rulers
DOCTRINE OF LAPSE:-
The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the
British East India Company in India until 1859. According to the
doctrine, any Indian princely state under the suzerainty of the
British East India Company (the dominant imperial power in the
subcontinent), as a vassal state under the British subsidiary
system, would have its princely status abolished (and therefore be
annexed into British India) if the ruler was either "manifestly
incompetent or died without a male heir. The latter supplanted the
long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to
choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether
potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its
applications were widely regarded by many Indians as
illegitimate.
The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who
was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between
1848 and 1856. However, it was articulated by the Court of
Directors of the East India Company as early as 1847 and several
smaller states had already been annexed under this doctrine before
Dalhousie took over the post of Governor-General.[citation needed]
Dalhousie used the policy most vigorously and extensively, though,
so it is generally associated with him.
*** Answer the following questions:-
SHORT NOTES:- Doctrine of lapse.
Class IX
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English
Language
Letter- Informal
Informal / personal letters are written to friends , relations
or family members.
The heading: the address should be written at the right hand
corner ( old format) / left hand corner of the page followed by the
date.
Date should never be written as 9.06.20.
Address should be written in block style eg;
14, Ripon street,
Park Road,
Kolkata.
9th June, 2020.
Salutation: The form greeting will depend upon the relation in
which you stand to the person to whom you are writing. Usually
letters begins with “Dear”.
Body: This is the main part of the letter. should be written in
the natural style and divided into paragraph and the language used
should be direct and relevant.
Subscription: end the letter with “Yours”. Note that “Y” is
capital and there’s no apostrophe before “s”.
The signature: this should be placed underneath the subscription
and clearly written.
1. You have recovered from a long illness. Write a letter to
your cousin and share your experience.
Or.
2. You have a recently visited a wildlife sanctuary with a group
of friends, where you were all chased by a wild animal. Write a
letter to your brother telling him about the scary experience and
how you manage to get away safely.
Commercial Studies
Chapter:Joint Stock Company
Today let us discuss about the types of Joint Stock Company
based on Membership:
On the basis of number of members the companies are classified
as:
Private Limited company
Public Limited Company
Government Company
.
Question:
Classify Joint Stock Company based on membership.
Answer)
(i) Private Limited company:
A private company means a company which by its articles of
association:
(i) Restricts the right to transfer its shares
(ii) Limits the number of its members to fifty (excluding
members who are or were in the employment of the company) and
(iii) Prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for
any shares or debentures of the company.
(iv) Where two or more persons hold one or more shares in a
company jointly, they are treated as a single member. There should
be at least two persons to form a private company and the maximum
number of members in a private company cannot exceed 50. A private
limited company is required to add the words “Private
ii) Public Limited Company:
Public company means a company which is not a private company.
There must be at least seven persons to form a public company. It
is of the essence of a public company that its articles do not
contain provisions restricting the number of its members or
excluding generally the transfer of its shares to the public or
prohibiting any invitation to the public to subscribe for its
shares or debentures. Only the shares of a public company are
capable of being dealt in on a stock exchange.
iii) Government Company:
It means any company in which not less than 51 percent of the
paid up share capital is held by the Central Govt, and/or by any
State Government or Governments or partly by the Central Government
and partly by one or more State Governments. The subsidiary of a
Government company is also a Government company
Economics
Chapter-5
Primary Sector: Agriculture
Let us today start with a new chapter
Primary Sector: Agriculture
The modern economy can be divided into three sectors that
reflect the economic development of that society.
The three sectors of an Economy are-
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
Question
1. Explain the meaning of Primary Sector.
Answer)
The primary sector involves the extraction of raw materials from
the earth. This extraction results in raw materials and basic
foods, such as coal, wood, iron and corn. The types of workers in
this sector include farmers, coal miners and hunters.
Currently, only 3% of our nation's labor force is engaged in
primary sector activity.
2) Explain the meaning of Secondary sector.
Answer) The secondary sector involves the transformation of raw
materials into goods. This transformation results in wood being
made into furniture, steel being made into cars or textiles being
made into clothes, as examples. The types of workers in this sector
include a seamstress, factory worker or craftsman.
3) Explain the term Tertiary Sector.
Answer) The term tertiary or service sector is concerned with
the intangible aspect of offering services to consumers and
business. It involves retail of manufactured goods. It also
provides services, such as insurance and banking. In the twentieth
century, the service sector has grown due to improved labour
productivity and higher disposable income. More disposable income
enables more spending on ‘luxury’ service items, such as tourism
and restaurants.
Chemistry
Ch-1
The Language of Chemistry
*Relative atomic mass
*Relative molecular mass
*Percentage composition
1) Relative Atomic Mass:-
It is the average relative mass of an atom of the element as
compared with the mass of 12C atom taken as 12 units.
· Atomic mass
= (mass of 1 atom of an element/ mass of 1 atom of hydrogen
)
=(mass of 1 atom of the element/ mass of 1/12 atom of
Carbon)
· Unit= a.m.u.
· 1 a.m.u = 1/12 the mass of 12C atom
2) Gram Atomic Mass:-
It is the atomic mass of an element in grams which is
numerically equal to the atomic mass of an element.
It is also called as “Gram-atom".
· Unit= grams(g)
· Number of grams-atom
= (mass in grams/ gram atomic mass)
3) Relative Molecular Mass:-
It is the average relative mass of a molecule of an element or a
chemical compound as compared to the mass of a 12C atom .
· Unit= a.m.u
· Molecular Mass
= (mass of one molecule of the substance)/ (mass of 1/12 atom of
carbon)
4) Gram-Molecular Mass:-
It is the molecular mass of a substance(in a.m.u) expressed in
grams which is numerically equal to its molecular mass.
It is also called as gram-molecule.
· Unit= gram-moles
· 1 gram-mole
= mass in grams/gram-molecular mass
5) Percentage Composition:-
It is the percentage by weight of each element present in the
compound.
It is also the number of parts by weight of it present in 100
parts by weight of the compound.
% by mass of X
=( mass of X/ mass of sample) *100)
Q. What is Atomic Mass Unit(a.m.u.)?
A. Since the 12C atom has been assigned an atomic mass of 1w
units, the atomic mass unit(a.m.u.) should be 1/12 the mass of a
12C atom.
Thus,
1 a.m.u. = ( 1/12) the mass of 12C atom.
Q. What do you mean by 16 a.m.u. oxygen?
A.
We know that,
Atomic mass of oxygen= 16 a.m.u
So, 1 gram atom of Oxygen
=gram-atomic mass of Oxygen
=16 g
Therefore, 16 a.m.u oxygen refers to the 16 g oxygen present
there.
Q. How can you calculate the molecular mass of an H2SO4
molecule?
A.
We know that molecular mass of a substance can be obtained by
adding the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule of
the substance.
So,
the molecular mass of H2SO4
=2×(atomic mass of H)+(atomic mass of S) + 4×(atomic mass of
O)
= 2×1+32+4×16
=2+32+64
=98 a.m.u
Q. Calculate the molecular weight of CuSO4.5H2O ?
A. Mol. Wt of CuSO4.5H2O
= At. Mass of Cu+ At. Mass of S+ 4×(At. Mass of O) + 5×( 2× At.
Mass f H + At. Mass of O)
=63.5+ 32+ (4×16)+5×(2+16)
=63.5 +32 + 64+ 5×(18)
= 63.5 + 32+ 64+ 90
= 249 a.m.u.
Q. What do you mean by 1 mole?
A.It is the quantity of matter containing 6.023× 10 23 particles
of that species.
EVS
Chapter 3 –How Ecosystems Work
Energy Flow
The energy of food is the main source of energy required by all
living organisms. This energy is transmitted to different trophic
levels along the food chain.
Energy Flow in Ecosystem
The energy flow takes place via food chain and food
web. During the process of energy flow in the ecosystem,
plants being the producers absorb sunlight with the help of the
chloroplasts and a part of it is transformed into chemical energy n
in the process of photosynthesis.
This energy is stored in various organic products in the plants
and passed on to the primary consumers in the food chain when the
herbivores consume (primary consumers) the plants as food and
convert chemical energy accumulated in plant products into kinetic
energy, degradation of energy will occur through its conversion
into heat.
Then followed by the secondary consumers. When these herbivores
are consumed by carnivores of the first order (secondary consumers)
further degradation will occur. Finally, when tertiary consumers
consume the carnivores, again energy will be degraded. Thus,
the energy flow is unidirectional in nature.
The energy flow in the ecosystem is
important to maintain an ecological balance.
Learn –
What is energy flow and why it is important?
Class X
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Commercial Studies
Chapter-
Banking
Sub Part-
E-Banking
Let us today discuss about the meaning of;
E-Banking
Automated Teller Machine( ATM)
Debit Card
Credit Card
Tele Banking
Core Banking Solution
Bank Draft
Immediate Payment System
Question:
Write the meaning of the following terms:
1. Electronic Fund Transfer-Electronic funds transfer or (EFT)
is common with businesses and with individuals. Electronic funds
transfer is the electronic communication used to transfer cash from
one bank account to another. EFTs don’t require paper or checks to
transfer cash between accounts. Banks can simply make a journal
entry and the cash is taken from one account and placed in
another.
2. Auomated Teller Machine (ATM)-An ATM is a machine built into
the wall of a bank or other building, which allows people to take
out money from their bank account by using a special card. ATM is
an abbreviation for 'automated teller machine'.
3. Debit Card- Debit Card (also known as a bank card, plastic
card or check card) is a plastic payment card that can be used
instead of cash when making purchases. It is similar to a credit
card, but unlike a credit card, the money is immediately
transferred directly from the cardholder's bank account when
performing any transaction.
4. Credit Card- Credit Card is a payment card issued to users
(cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods
and services based on the cardholder's promise to the card issuer
to pay them for the amounts plus the other agreed charges.The card
issuer (usually a bank) creates a revolving account and grants a
line of credit to the cardholder, from which the cardholder can
borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance.
5. Tele Banking- Telephone banking is a service provided by a
bank or other financial institution, that enables customers to
perform over the telephone a range of financial transactions which
do not involve cash or Financial instruments (such as cheques),
without the need to visit a bank branch or ATM.
6. Core Banking Solution- Core banking can be defined as a
back-end system that processes banking transactions across the
various branches of a bank. ... Among the integral core banking
services are floating new accounts, servicing loans, calculating
interests, processing deposits and withdrawals, and customer
relationship management activities.
7. Bank Draft- Bank draft provided to a customer of a bank or
acquired from a bank for remittance purposes, that is drawn by the
bank, and drawn on another bank or payable through or at a
bank.
8. Immediate payment Service- Immediate Payment Service (IMPS)
is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system
in India. IMPS offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer
service through mobile phones. Unlike RTGS, the service is
available 24x7 throughout the year including bank holidays. NEFT is
also made available 24x7 from Dec 2019.
Geography
Water Resources
IRRIGATION:
India is an agricultural country and, for successful
agriculture, water is an important input. This water can be
supplied naturally by rainfall, but if it is sufficient, then it
must be provided by artificial means. This process of supplying
water by artificial means is called irrigation.
Irrigation is the key to the success of India'sagriculture
because of the following reasons:
1. Uneven distribution of rain – Places like Assam and West
Bengal receive150-250 cm, while Rajasthan rarely gets even25
cm.
2. Seasonal rainfall – India's rainfall isconcentrated over a
4-month period from Juneto September, while the rest of the year is
dry.
3. India's agricultural season extends over wintertoo. But the
greater part of India has dry winter.Irrigation allows year-long
cultivation.
4. Indian monsoons are most uncertain. Latearrival or early
withdrawal of the monsoonsaffects crop production severely.
5. All crops do not have the same waterrequirement. Crops like
rice, wheat, sugar caneand jute need much more water than
others.Only sufficient amounts supplied by irrigationcan meet the
water needs of these crops.
METHODS OF IRRIGATION:
(a) Primitive Methods: It includes wells, tanksand inundation
canals.
(b) Modern Methods: It includescanals, rain water
harvesting.
Wells:Wells are an age-old method of providing waterfor
agriculture, drinking and for other householdpurpose. A hole is dug
in the ground to obtainsub-soil water.
Wells are the simplest and the cheapest sourceof irrigation.
Wells can be dug at any convenientplace, It is an independent
source of irrigation andit may be used as and when the necessity
arises.But wells dry up during the dry summers andfail to provide
water when it is needed the most.A well can water only a limited
amount of land,normally 1-2 hectares. lt is time-consuming.
Tank Irrigation:
This type of irrigation is done by constructing earthen or
masonry walls across a stream or depression. Rainwater, during the
rainy the rainy seasons collects here and it is then used when
needed especially in the dry season. The ground below the tank
should be rocky to prevent percolation of water.
Tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsula because of
the following reasons:
Disadvantages of tank irrigation:
a. Tanks occupy large surface area, which could otherwise have
been used for cultivation.
b. Many tanks dry up during the dry season and fail to provide
water for irrigation when required most.
c. Silting of tanks is a problem, and desilting of these tanks
is often required.
Q1. Why Indian agriculture needs maximum amount of irrigation
system?
A1. India is an agricultural country and, for successful
agriculture, water is an important input. Irrigation is the key to
the success of India'sagriculture because of the following
reasons:
(a) Uneven distribution of rain – Places like Assam and West
Bengal receive150-250 cm, while Rajasthan rarely gets even25
cm.
(b) Seasonal rainfall – India's rainfall isconcentrated over a
4-month period from Juneto September, while the rest of the year is
dry.
(c) India's agricultural season extends over wintertoo. But the
greater part of India has dry winter.Irrigation allows year-long
cultivation.
(d) Indian monsoons are most uncertain. Latearrival or early
withdrawal of the monsoonsaffects crop production severely.
(e) All crops do not have the same waterrequirement. Crops like
rice, wheat, sugar caneand jute need much more water than
others.Only sufficient amounts supplied by irrigationcan meet the
water needs of these crops.
Q2. Why tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsular
region?
A2. The tank irrigation is important in the Deccan peninsular
region because of the following reasons:
1. The hard rocks underlying large areas in the Deccan do not
allow percolation of water easily.
2. The undulating surface forms natural depressions. These
hollows may have a simple dam across them. Thus, tanks are simple
and easy and cheap to build.
3. Many streams have abundant water only during the rainy
season, but dry up when the rains cease. Tanks enable people to
store this water, which would otherwise have flowed out
uselessly.
4. Tanks also help in raising the underground water level of
wells found in the surrounding areas.
ECO-10, 01/07/20, Topic- ELASTICITY SUPPly
MEANING OF PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY (es)
Price elasticity of supply measures the degree of responsiveness
of quantity supplied of a commodity to change in its price. But the
problem is that all the commodities do not respond in the same way
to change in price. Some commodities are more responsive to change
in price than others. For example, if the price of a commodity
increases by 20 percent and it quantity supplied increase by 40
percent. In this case the supply of the commodity is very elastic
because percentage in quantity supplied of the commodity is double
the percentage change in its price
DEGREES OF PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY
The co-efficient of price elasticity of supply varies from zero
to infinity. On the basis of co-efficient of price elasticity of
supply the following five degrees of price elasticity of supply are
taken into consideration
(i) Perfectly inelastic supply (es = 0)
(ii) Inelastic or less than unit elastic supply (es < 1)
(iii) Unitary elastic supply (es = 1)
(iv) Elastic or more than unit elastic supply (es > 1)
(v) Perfectly elastic supply (es = )
The explanation of each is given below.
(iii) Unitary elastic supply (es = 1)
When the percentage change in quantity supplied of a commodity
is equal to percentage change in its price, the supply of the
commodity is said to be unitary elastic. It means if the price of
the commodity increases by 50 per cent its quantity supplied will
also increase by 50 percent
Supply schedule of commodity X
Price (Rs) Quantity supplied (units)
10 20
20 40
30 60
The above supply schedule of commodity X shows that when the
price increases by 100%, quantity supplied also increases by 100%
and when the price increases by 50%, the quantity supplied also
increases by 50%.
(iv) Elastic or more than unit elastic supply (es > 1)
When the percentage change in quantity supplied of a commodity
is greater than the percentage change in its price, the supply of
the commodity is said to be greater than unit elastic. It happens
in case of durable goods because if the price falls they can be
easily stored for future sale. If the price of such goods falls by
20%, their quantity supplied falls by more than 20%. In such cases,
price elasticity of supply is greater than one. It can be explained
with the help of the following supply schedule and supply
curve.
Supply schedule of commodity A
Price(rs`) Quantity supplied (units)
10 20
20 50
In the above supply schedule price of the commodity increases by
100% but its quantity supplied increases by 150%. Thus, in this
case, supply is more than unitary elastic.
(v) Perfectly elastic supply .
When the quantity supplied of a commodity expands or contracts
to any extent without any change or with an infinitely small change
in its price, the supply of the commodity is called perfectly
elastic. Its supply curve is a horizontal line parallel to x-axis.
It can be shown with the help of the following supply schedule and
supply curve.
Supply schedule of commodity B
Price (Rs) Quantity supplied (units)
10 100
10 200
10
