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Chapter 5 Survival through adaptations and regulation Total marks 15

Chapter Test

Name: ______________________ Class: ______ Date: ______

Section A: Multiple choice (8 marks)

1 Compare fish in marine and freshwater environments. Choose the correct description.A Marine fish excrete large amounts of urine and freshwater fish excrete small

amounts of urine.B Marine and freshwater fish both drink water to gain salts.C Marine fish remove excess salts via active transport across the gills. Freshwater fish

uptake ions via active transport across the gills.D Freshwater fish have body fluids that are less concentrated than the fresh water

they swim in.

2 The Eucalyptus tree has leaves that hang vertically as shown below. What is the most likely advantage of this?

Source: Dmitry/Fotolia

A The leaves can retain warmth.B It increases the rate of transpiration.C The leaves are less likely to break off in the wind.D It reduces water loss.

3 Which is the best representation of the stimulus–response pathway?Copyright © Pearson Australia 2016 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4886 1122 3 Page 1

A receptor → stimulus → control centre → response → effectorB stimulus → receptor → control centre → effector → responseC control centre → stimulus → receptor → effector → responseD effector → control centre → receptor → stimulus → response

4 A negative feedback system:A increases the effect of the original stimulusB restores stable conditionsC has a negative effect on the responseD switches off the stimulus

5 In thermoregulation, what would happen over a short period of time, in each of these areas, if a person were placed in water at 15 °C?

Circulation to the skin surface

Activity of sweat glands

Temperature of liver

Skeletal muscle contractions

A increased increased decreased decreased

B decreased decreased no change decreased

C increased increased no change increased

D decreased decreased increased increased

6 After consuming a bar of chocolate, an increase in the concentration of blood glucose will occur. Which of the following will return the blood glucose concentration to its normal level?

Insulin secretion Glucagon secretion Conversion of glucose into glycogen in liver

A increased decreased increased

B decreased increased increased

C increased increased decreased

D decreased decreased decreased

Copyright © Pearson Australia 2016 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4886 1122 3 Page 2

7 An athlete who has just completed a 20 km run will have lost an excessive volume of water through sweating. To regulate water and salt balance, which of the following occurs?A Dilute urine will be produced.B An increased volume of urine will be produced.C ADH will be released into the bloodstream, increasing the reabsorption of water from

the collecting ducts in the kidney.D Vasopressin will be released into the bloodstream, decreasing the reabsorption of

water from the collecting ducts in the kidney.

8 Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is true?A The body is resistant to effects of insulin.B The body is resistant to effects of glucagon.C The body is unable to produce insulin.D The body is unable to produce glucagon.


Section B: Short answer (7 marks)

1 The diagram below shows a bilby, which is native throughout central Australia. Identify one adaptation that the bilby has and explain how it would assist it to survive in Australia’s climate.

Source: Susan Flashman/Fotolia


2 The rock wallaby has a number of adaptations to its environment. One is the production of milk to care for a new joey. The table below shows the volume of milk produced over the first 250 days of a new joey’s life.

a State the type of adaptation.

b Draw a graph of this data.

c Describe the relationship between the age of the joey and milk production by the mother.


Age of joey (days)

Milk production (mL/day)

0 0

30 1

70 3

130 9

210 43

250 86

3 The Venus flytrap, an insect-eating plant, produces modified leaves in order to trap its prey. Describe one disadvantage regarding this adaptation.

4 Biomimicry has inspired a huge number of inventions. Below is a list of inventions and a list of the organism that inspired the inventions. Match the invention to the organism that inspired the invention.

Invention Organism

velcro shark

bullet train nose mounds built by termites

sharklet burdock burrs

air-conditioning system in shopping centre kingfisher

5 Scientists investigated the effect of ambient (surrounding) temperature on metabolic rate and core body temperature on Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii). The scientists placed the squirrels in a cool environment and then slowly increased the temperature of the environment. At the same time they measured changes to core body temperature and respiratory quotient (ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed) of the small mammal. Results of the experiment are shown in the figure below.

Source: Szymanskim/Fotolia


Source: Modified from American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 279 no. 1, R255–R262.

a In order to estimate the metabolic rate of the squirrels, the scientists measured its rate of oxygen consumption. Suggest why.

b Outline the effects of ambient temperature on core body temperature.

c Suggest why when core body temperature is low, the metabolic rate of the squirrel is high.

d Outline two adaptations that plants have against extremely cold conditions.


6 a Explain why a constant internal concentration of water is important for the proper functioning of cells.

b Outline the roles of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating water balance and salt concentrations in the blood.


7 Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland interact with cells throughout the whole body. Outline how a malfunction of the thyroid can have widespread and serious effects on three different systems in the human body.


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