christywalton.weebly.comchristywalton.weebly.com/.../treatyofversaillesdbq.docx · Web viewIt is demanded of us that we shall confess ourselves to be alone guilty of the war. Such

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World War I: The “War to End All Wars”DBQ: Did the Treaty of Versailles solve more problems or create more problems after

WWI?Part 1 Directions: Answer the questions below the Documents

1. How would Wilson’s ideas benefit smaller minority populations (Slavs, Poles, Serbians, etc) existing within European countries?

2. Would this solve more problems or create more problems?

DOCUMENT 3

The Treaty includes no provision for the economic rehabilitation of Europe - nothing to make the defeated Central Powers into good neighbors, nothing to stabilize the new States of Europe, nothing to reclaim Russia; nor does it pro-

DOCUMENT 1

Article 22. Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be recognized with the assistance of a Western power until such time as they are able to stand alone.

Source: Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919

DOCUMENT 2

National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. "Self determination" is not a mere phrase. It is an imperative principle of ac-tion, which statesmen will henceforth ignore at their peril. This war had its roots in the disre-gard of the rights of small nations and of nationalitites which lacked the union and the force to make good their claim to determine their own allegiances and their own forms of political life. Covenants (Agreements) must now be entered into which will render such things impossible for the future; and those covenants must be backed by the united force of all nations that love justice and are willing to maintain it at any cost...

excerpt from speech by Woodrow Wilson to CongressFeb.11, 1919

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mote in any way a compact of economic solidarity amongst the Allies themselves; no arrangement was reached at Paris for restoring the disordered finances of France and Italy, or to adjust the systems of the Old World and the New.

Source: John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of Peace, 1920.

DOCUMENT 4

1. What economic problems were not solved by the Treaty?

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Article 232. The Allied Governments recognize that the resources of Germany are not adequate to make complete reparation for all such loss and damage, however, they require that Germany will make compensa-tion for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied Powers and to their property during the period of the war. Source: Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919

DOCUMENT 6

DOCUMENT 7 & 8

"German children are starving"

portrait done by German artist

(1920's)

Note: Reparation means payment to cover damage from warGerman “Mark” was German money

1. What were the financial obligations of Germany after WWI?

2. How did this affect German people?

3. Overall, did this solve or create more problems?

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1. What countries’ borders were most negatively affected by the war?

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1. According to the treaty, who was held responsible for causing WWI?

DOCUMENT 9

DOCUMENT 10

Article 231. Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied Governments have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggres-sion of Germany and her allies. Source: Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919

DOCUMENT 11

It is demanded of us that we shall confess ourselves to be alone guilty of the war. Such a confes-sion from my lips would be a lie. We are far from declining all responsibility for the fact that this great World War took place or that it was fought in the way that it was. . . . But we energetically deny that Germany and its people, who were convinced that they fought a war of defense, were alone guilty. No one would want to assert that the disaster began only at that disastrous moment when the successor of Austria-Hungary fell a victim to murderous hands. In the last fifty years, the imperialism of all European states has chronically poisoned international relations. Policies of retal-iation, policies of expansion, and disregard for the right of peoples to determine their own destiny, have contributed to the European malady which came to a crisis in the World War. The mobiliza-tion of Russia deprived statesmen of the opportunity of curing the disease, and placed the issue in the hands of the military powers. ... Source: Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, leader of German delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference, May 7, 1919

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2. According to German delegation, who should be held responsible for WWI?

1. According to President Woodrow Wilson, what is Peace without Victory?

2. According to the author of Mein Kampf, was “peace without victory” reached?

Document 14 Treaty of Versailles ( June 28, 1919)

Read each provision below and decide whether it supports peace and helps Europe recover from the war or not.

Alsace-Lorraine:Article 51. The territories which were ceded to Germany on February 26, 1871 [Franco-Prussian War], andthe Treaty of Frankfort of May 10, 1871, are restored to French sovereignty as from the date of the Armisticeof November 11, 1918.

Supports peace and recovery because Does not support peace and recovery because

Article 119. Germany renounces in favor of the Principal Allied Powers all her rights and titles over her overseas possessions.

DOCUMENT 12

“…it must be a peace without victory…Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser a victor’s terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable sacrifice, and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently but as upon quicksand. Only a peace between equals can last; only a peace, the very principle of which is equality and a com-mon participation in a common benefit. The right state of mind, the right feeling between nations, is necessary for lasting peace as is the just settlement of vexed questions of territory or of racial and national allegiance.” Source: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s Peace Without Victory Speech

DOCUMENT 13

And so it had all been in vain...Was it for this (The German Surrender) that the German soldier had stood fast in the sun's heat and in snowstorms, hungry, thirsty, and freezing, weary from sleepless nights and endless marches? The more I tried to understand the monstrous event in this hour, the more the shame of inidignation and disgrace burned my brow...There fol-lowed terrible days and even worse night - I knew that all was lost...In these nights hatred grew in me, hared for those re-sponsible for this deed. Source: Mein Kampf

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Article 156. Germany renounces, in favour of Japan, all her rights and title[Chinese colonies]…which she acquired in virtue of` the Treaty concluded by her with China on March 6, 1898 [Treaty System]


Article 159 & 160. The German military forces shall be demobilised and reduced as follows:By a date which must not be later than March 31, 1920, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry.The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers.


Part 2- Short EssayDirections: On a separate piece of paper, answer the following question in at least 2 para-

graphs.

Did the Treaty of Versailles solve more problems or create more problems after WWI?

Grading Rubric: Position: Take a position on the issue. Explain your position. Stick to

that position

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Evidence: Use at least 2 pieces of evidence per paragraph to support your stance. Evidence should be taken from the documents

above. USE QUOTES!Explain: Use your own words to describe your stance and EXPLAIN

YOUR QUOTES!