Q1.A student investigated heating metal carbonates.

The student used the apparatus in the figure below.

 

The student’s results are shown in the table below. 

  Metalcarbonate

Colourbeforeheating

Colourafter

heating

Mass before

heating in g

Mass afterheating in

gSolution

A

  Coppercarbonate Green Black 12.4 8.0 Turns

cloudy

  Potassiumcarbonate White White 13.8 13.8 Stays

colourless

  Zinccarbonate White White 12.5 8.1 Turns

cloudy

(a)     Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. 

  black green white

The colour of copper oxide is ......................... .

(1)

(b)     Solution A is used to test for carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide turns Solution A cloudy.

What is the name of Solution A?

.......................................................................................................................

M1.(a)     black1

(b)     limewateraccept calcium hydroxide (solution)

1

Q2.Human stomachs contain hydrochloric acid.Stomach ache can be caused by too much acid in the stomach.Indigestion tablets can be used to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach.

(a)     The graph shows how the volume of carbon dioxide produced changes with time, after some calcium carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid.

 

(i)      Complete the sentence to explain what happens between O and P.

Between O and P the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid .................

(1)

(ii)     Complete the sentence to explain what happens at P.

At P the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid ...................................

because ....................................................................................................

(2)

(iii)    Describe the test for carbon dioxide gas.

Test ........................................................................................................

Result of the test ....................................................................................

(2)

M2.(a)     (i)      reactallow neutraliseallow bubbles / fizzesaccept produces gas / CO2Fignore rises

1

(ii)     stop reacting / producingstops on its own is insufficient allow stop working / bubbling / fizzing

1

the (hydrochloric) acid / (calcium) carbonate is used upaccept because the (calcium) carbonate has neutralised the (hydrochloric) acid

OR

have been used up (1)

the graph line becomes horizontal / levels out (1)

OR

stays the same / no change (1)ignore reference to graph line

no further reaction (1)1

(iii)    bubble the gas through limewater / calcium hydroxide solutionallow (add) limewatertest must be correct to gain result mark

1

(the solution) goes cloudyallow milky

1

Q3.Carbon dioxide is produced when copper carbonate is heated.

A student investigated heating copper carbonate.The student used the apparatus to measure how long it took for carbon dioxide to be produced.The student also noted what happened during each minute for three minutes.

 

(a)     The student used changes to the limewater to measure how long it took for carbon dioxide to be produced.

Describe how.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.(2)

M3.(a)    time from when the heating is started until1

the limewater turns cloudy / milky1

Q4.A student was trying to produce hydrogen gas.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus she used.

Figure 1

(a)     No gas was produced.

The student’s teacher said that this was because the substances in the flask did not react.

(i)      Suggest why the substances in the flask did not react.

..............................................................................................................

.

..............................................................................................................

.

..............................................................................................................

.(1)

M4.(a)     (i)      copper is less reactive than hydrogen or copper is unreactive1

(ii)     Zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid1

Q5.Many sea creatures have shells containing calcium carbonate.

 

(a)     The seas are becoming more acidic.

Suggest and explain how acids affect the shells of sea creatures.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.(2)

 

M5.(a)     (acids) react with calcium carbonate / shells1

(so) shells will be (chemically) erodeddo not allow meltsallow dissolved / are thinner / worn away / corrodedignore weakened / break down

1

Q6.The apparatus in the figure below is used to separate a mixture of liquids in a fuel.

 

(a)     What is apparatus W on above the figure above?

Tick one box. 

  Beaker 

  Boiling Tube 

  Flask 

  Jug 

(1)(b)     What is the name of this method of separation?

Tick one box. 

  Crystallisation 

  Electrolysis 

  Filtration 

  Distillation 

(1)

M6.(a)     Flask1

(b)     Fractional distillation1

Q7.Carbon dioxide is produced when metal carbonates are heated.

(a)    (i)      Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the word equation.

 (1)

(ii)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

    combustion.

  The reaction to produce carbon dioxide from magnesium carbonate is decomposition.

    fermentation.

 (1)

M7.(a)     (i)      magnesium oxide1

(ii)     decomposition1

Q8    A student investigated the effect of heating calcium carbonate.

 

(i)      The symbol equation for the chemical reaction that occurs when calcium carbonate is heated is:

                                   CaCO3        →        CaO        +         CO2

Complete the word equation for the reaction.

............................................  →  ............................................  +  carbon dioxide

(1)

(ii)     50 g of CaCO3 produced 28 g of CaO.

What mass of CO2 was produced?

.............................................................................................................

........................................ g(1)

(iii)    When carbon dioxide passed through the solution in test tube B, the solution became cloudy.

Name the solution.

..............................................................................................................

.(1)

M8    (i)      calcium carbonate → calcium oxide (+ carbon dioxide)ignore numbers and symbols

1

(ii)     22 (g)mark answer line and ignore working

1

(iii)    calcium hydroxide / limewaterignore solution

1

Q9.         

(a)     Suggest why it is important to be able to identify the colour additives in food.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

(1)

(b)     A brown colour used in sweets was analysed using chromatography. The results were compared with those from E104 and E133.

What do the results tell you about the brown colour and its suitability for use in sweets?

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................(3)

M9.         (a)     check if safe to eat / healthy

or

permittedaccept references to allergies / medical problems

1

(b)     any three from:accept dye for colour

•        made up of two colours / dots

•        contains an unknown colour / dot

•        contains a harmful colour

•        contains E104 / quinoline yellowor does not contain E133 / brilliant blue

•        further analysis needed3

Q10.         Chromatography was carried out on a sample of soft drinks to check that they contained only colours that were safe. This is the result.

            Safe colours        Colours from the soft drinks

What conclusions about the safety of the colours in the soft drinks A, B, C and D can be made from the results shown by chromatography?

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

(Total 2 marks)

M10.         drinks / colours B and C are safe1

drinks / colours A and D are not safeaccept a pair of one safe colour and one not safe colour identified for 1 markaccept A, B, C and D all contain one safe colour for 1 markignore references to shading

1

Q11.A student used paper chromatography to investigate the colours in different inks.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus the student used.

Figure 1

 

(a)     The student made two mistakes in setting up the apparatus.

Identify the two mistakes.

Describe the problem each mistake would cause.

Mistake 1  .......................................................................................................

Problem   ........................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

Mistake 2  .......................................................................................................

Problem   ........................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.(4)

M11.(a)     start line drawn in ink1

(so) line would run1

start line below solvent level1

(so) samples would wash off1

Q12.         The result of a process used to detect and identify the colours in two foods, A and B, is shown.

(i)      Describe the differences between the colours used in food A and food B.

.......................................................................................................................

......

.......................................................................................................................

......

.......................................................................................................................

......

.......................................................................................................................

......(2)

(ii)      Tick ( ) the name of the process used to detect and identify colours in food.

 

Process ( )

chromatography  

extraction  

hardening  

M12.         (i)      any two from:

•        A has four colours(*)

•        B has three colours(*)(*) if first two bullets not statedaccept A has more colours (than B) or B has less colours (than A) for 1 mark only

•        A / B have two colours the same

•        B has one different colour2

(ii)      chromatography1

[3]

 

Q13.The figure below shows a paper chromatogram of five different inks.

 

(a)     Explain how paper chromatography separates substances.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

...................................................................................................................(3)

(b)     Analyse the chromatogram. Describe and explain the result for black ink.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

...

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.(4)

(c)     Use the figure above to calculate the Rf value of the blue ink.

.......................................................................................................................

.

                     Rf value = ......................................................(3)

(Total 10 marks)

M13.(a)     mobile phase / solvent moves through paper1

and carries substances different distances1

which depend on their attraction for paper and solventallow which depend on solubility in solvent and attraction to paper

1(b)     Level 2 (3–4 marks):

A relevant and coherent description which provides a clear analysis of the chromatogram. The response makes logical links between the points raised and uses sufficient examplesto support these links.

Level 1 (1–2 marks):Simple statements are made which demonstrate a basic attempt to analyse the chromatogram. The response may fail to make logical links between the points raised.

0 marks:No relevant content

Indicative content•        black ink is a mixture•        because more than one spot•        contains blue, red and yellow•        because Rf values / positions match•        does not contain green•        contains an unknown•        which is insoluble•        yellow is most soluble or has highest Rf value, blue is least

4

(c)     both measurements from artwork for 1 mark (1.3 ± 0.1 cm and 5.3 ± 0.1 cm)1

correct equation used for 1 mark1

0.25 ± 0.021

accept 0.25 ± 0.02 without working shown for 3 marksallow ecf from incorrect measurement to final answer for 2 marks

[10]

Q14.Colours are used to coat some chocolate sweets.

Some of these colours are given E-numbers.

 

Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence. 

  additive element fuel

 

An E-number is used to identify a permitted food ........................................................

(1)

(b)     Chromatography was used to compare three of the colours used to coat the chocolate sweets.

 

What do these results tell you about these three colours?

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

.......................................................................................................................

.

...................................................................................................................(3)

M14.(a)    additive1

(b)     colour 3 is a mixture of colours 1 and 2

any two from:accept E-number or additive instead of colour ignore comments about height / level

1

•        colour 1 is made up of only one colour / dye

•        colour 2 is made up of only one colour / dye

•        colour 3 is made up of two colours / dyes or more colours (than colours 1 and 2)

2[4]

Q15.Chromatography can be used to separate components of a mixture.

(a)     A student used paper chromatography to analyse a black food colouring.

The student placed spots of known food colours, A, B, C, D and E, and the black food colouring on a sheet of chromatography paper.

The student set up the apparatus as shown in Diagram 1.

                                    Diagram 1

 

The student made two errors in setting up the apparatus.Identify the two errors and describe the problem each error would cause.

.......................................................................................................................

..

.......................................................................................................................

..

.......................................................................................................................

..

.......................................................................................................................

..(4)

M15.(a)     start line drawn in ink1

so it will run / dissolve in the solvent / split upallow mixes with the spots

1

spots under solvent or solvent above spots / start line1

so they will mix with solvent or wash off paper or colour the solvent or dissolve in the solvent

1

(b)     (i)      contains A and E1

and one other (unknown substance)if no other marks awarded, an answer saying it is made up of three colours gains 1 mark

1(ii)     45  or  46

allow any value from 45 to 461

18allow any value from 16 to 20award 1 mark if numbers correct but in cm

1(iii)    0.40

allow ecf from (b)(ii)ignore units

1(c)     fast red

allow ecf from (b)(iii)1

has same Rf valueallow none of them, as none has the same Rf value for 2 marks

1(d)     any one from:•        more accurate

•        more sensitive•        uses small quantities of samples•        quicker / faster / more rapid•        can link to mass spectrometer (MS)

1[12]