UNIVERSITY OF NIZWACOLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCEINCES

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCEIENCES & CHEMISTRY

MED-TERM EXAM

COURSE NAME: MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BIOL343

DATE: April 1, 2009

STUDENT NAME:

STUDENT ID:

FINAL SCORE:

QUESTION 1 (10 POINTS)

READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND MARK EACH OF THEM AS EITHER TRUE ( ) OR FALSE ( X )

1. ( ) Innate immunity is non-specific but can develop immunological memory.

2. ( ) Spleen and lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues.

3. ( ) All lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow but not all lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.

4. ( ) Defensins are small peptides present in the skin that act as antibiotics to kill bacteria and fungi.

5. ( ) phagosome is an intracellular vesicle that forms during phagocytosis and contains microbes.

6. ( ) Pyrogens cause fever by affecting hypothalamus.

7. ( ) The alternative pathway of complement activation is initiated by binding of C1 to antibodies.

8. ( ) After C3 activation, C3a molecule promotes phagocytosis, while C3b molecule promotes inflammation.

9. ( ) Gamma-interferon are type I interferons produced by virus-infected cells.

10. ( ) Transferrins inhibit virus infections by interfering by virus replication.

QUESTION 3 (10 POINTS)

READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER AMONG THE FOUR CHOICES

1. The biological factors of first line of defense include:

( ) Defensins and lysozymes ( ) Tears and saliva ( ) Skin flora and intestinal flora ( ) None of the above

2. Lymphoid progenitor gives rise to:

( ) Lymphocytes and monocytes ( ) B cells, T cells, and NK cells ( ) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils ( ) Dendritic cells and macrophages

3. Lymphocytes that mature in Thymus are:

( ) B cells ( ) NK cells ( ) T cells ( ) All of the above

4. Macrophages are characterized by:

( ) Lobed nucleus ( ) CD44 expression ( ) Acidic cytoplasmic granules ( ) All of the above

5. Phagocytes bind to antibody-coated microbe by:

( ) Attachment receptor ( ) Toll-like receptor ( ) Complement receptor ( ) Fc receptor

6. Lymphocyte activation is mediated by:

( ) Dendritic cells ( ) Neutrophils ( ) NK cells ( ) Mast cells

7. NK cells recognize virus-infected cells because:

( ) Virus-infected cells are opsonized with antibody

( ) Virus-infected cells display reduced amount of MHC-I

( ) Virus-infected cells display increased amount of MHC-I

( ) Virus-infected cells are bound to complement

8. The complement activation pathway that is triggered by lectin binding to microbial poly saccharides (mannose) is:

( ) Classical pathway ( ) Alternative pathway ( ) Classical and alternative pathways ( ) None of the above

9. The only pathway of complement activation that is antibody-dependent is:

( ) Classical pathway ( ) Alternative pathway ( ) C3 activation ( ) None of the above

10. Killer-activating receptor (KAR) and killer-inhibiting receptor (KIR) are important for the function of:

( ) Monocytes ( ) Phagocytes ( ) Lymphocytes ( ) NK cells

QUESTION 2 (30 POINTS)

READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE RIGHT WORD(S)

1. Second line of innate immune defense includes ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .

2. Main phagocytic cells are …………… and …………… .

3. Blood cells can be categorized into …………… and …………… .

4. Myeloid progenitor gives rise to ……………, ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .

5. Histamine is produced by …………… and …………… .

6. Eosinophils play an important role in …………… infections, while neutrophils play an important role in …………… infections.

7. The cardinal sings of inflammation are ……………, ……………, ……………, and …………… .

8. Activated natural killer cells release cytolytic molecules such as …………… and …………… .

9. …………… and …………… are considered as opsonins.

10. Complement activation results in destruction of microbes by ……………, ……………, and …………… .

11. Professional antigen-presenting cells are ……………, ……………, and …………… .

12) Immunoglobulins are divided into different classes based on …………… .

13) Antibodies mediate their effector functions through …………… portion.

14) …………… is the only antibody that can pass the placenta.

15) …………… is the antibody that plays a role in hypersensitivity.

16) Blood cells such as macrophages and NK cells, interact with antibodies through …………… .

17) IgE is normally found bound on …………… and …………… .

18) …………… is important for mucosal immunity, while …………… is important for parasitic infections.

19) Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is mediated by two antibody isotypes, which are …………… and …………… .

20) …………… is the main isotype in primary antibody responses, while …………… is the main isotype in secondary antibody responses.

21) B cells recognize …………… antigens, while T cells recognize …………… antigens.

22) B cells recognize antigens by membrane-bound ……………, while T cells recognize antigens by …………… .

23) Naïve B cells use …………… and …………… as B-cell receptors.

24) Epitopes recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .

25) Antigens recognized by B cells can be either …………… or …………… .

26) Antibody responses to protein antigens require help from …………… .

27) …………… antibodies prevent attachment of pathogen to target cells.

28) B cells need T cell help for ……………, ……………, and …………… .

29) Opsonization promotes cellular response such as ……………, ……………, and …………….

30) CD3 is the surrogate marker for …………… .

QUESTION 4 (20 POINTS)

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS

1. ANTIGEN:

2. EPITOPE:

3. AFFINITY:

4. LYMPH:

5. CROSS-REACTIVITY:

QUESTION 5 (30 POINTS)

DRAW WITH FULL LABELS

1) Kinetics of primary and secondary antibody responses to T-dependent antigens

2) The classical pathway of complement activation