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Chapter 16 – Regents Questions

1 During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the

(1) Gupta Empire (3) Age of Exploration

(2) Mongol Empire (4) medieval guilds

2 A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was the

(1) expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain(2) establishment of Portuguese trade routes around Africa(3) fall of the Aztec Empire(4) conquest of the Kush Kingdom

3 The success of the triangular trade system depended on increasing

(1) political independence of the Caribbean nations(2) emphasis on free trade in European nations(3) slave trade in the Western Hemisphere(4) industrialization of the South American colonies

4 One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

(1) had the support of the Roman Catholic Church(2) placed great value on traditional beliefs(3) emphasized the value of human reasoning(4) contributed to the end of feudalism

5 The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the

(1) Scientific Revolution (3) New Imperialism(2) Columbian Exchange (4) Middle Passage

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6 Which statement can best be supported by the information on the map?

(1) The Portuguese taught the Chinese their sailing knowledge.(2) Portugal and China practiced isolationism throughout the 15th century.(3) Only the Portuguese explored the east coast of Africa.(4) The Portuguese and the Chinese were active explorers.

7 Which two explorers are associated with the travels shown on the map?

(1) Ferdinand Magellen and Matthew Perry(2) Christopher Columbus and Genghis Khan(3) Vasco de Gama and Zheng He(4) Francisco Pizarro and Marco Polo

8 Which economic theory, developed in the 17th century, supported European colonialism?

(1) socialism (3) bartering

(2) mercantilism (4) feudalism

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9 What is the most appropriate title for the map?

(1) The Industrial Revolution(2) Imperialism in Africa(3) The Age of Discovery(4) Atlantic Trade Routes

10 Which economic system was responsible for the creation of the situation shown on the map?

(1) feudal system (3) socialism(2) mercantilism (4) barter system

11 The astrolabe and improvements in cartography helped Europeans to

(1) launch the Crusades(2) defeat the Mongols(3) expel the Moors(4) explore the Western Hemisphere

12 The purpose of colonies is to ship raw materials to the colonial power and buy finished goodsfrom the colonial power. This statement reflects the basic idea of which economic system?

(1) socialism (3) mercantilism(2) communism (4) capitalism

13 Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?

(1) The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth.(2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.(3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs.(4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.

14 The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the

(1) destruction of the Aztec and Inca empires(2) capture of Brazil by Portugal(3) colonization of North America by Portugal(4) exploration of the Philippines and East Indies

15 During the Commercial Revolution, where did trading centers most often develop?

(1) in the mountains (3) along waterways(2) near grasslands (4) on the tundra

16 The heliocentric model, the development of inductive reasoning, and the work of Descartes are all associated with which revolution?

(1) Neolithic (3) Green(2) Agricultural (4) Scientific

17 Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the

(1) Industrial Revolution(2) Scientific Revolution

(3) English Revolution(4) Agricultural Revolution

18 Which statement best describes the concept of mercantilism?(1) Universal suffrage leads to educated citizens.(2) Controlling trade is a key to increasing power.(3) Only the fittest deserve to survive.(4) Strict social control prevents revolutions.

19 During the 15th century, which two European countries began sea voyages of exploration?

(1) Germany and Italy(2) Portugal and Spain(3) England and France(4) Russia and the Netherlands

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20 What is the best title for this diagram?

(1) Encomienda System (3) Silk Road(2) Columbian Exchange (4) Open Door policy

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21 Which conclusion about the slave trade in Africa is supported by this map?

(1) Most of the slaves came from eastern Africa.(2) Few people were taken from Africa to other continents.(3) Several European countries participated in the slave trade.(4) The slave trade began in southern Africa.

22 Which statement best describes a result of the encounter between Europeans and native populations of Latin America?

(1) Native societies experienced rapid population growth.(2) European nations lost power and prestige in the New World.(3) Large numbers of natives migrated to Europe for a better life.(4) Plantations in the New World used enslaved Africans to replace native populations.

23 Which nation had the most influence on the colonization of Latin America in the 1500s?

(1) Spain (3) England(2) France (4) Netherlands

24 What was one goal of mercantilism?

(1) removal of trade barriers(2) elimination of private property(3) establishment of subsistence agriculture(4) creation of a favorable balance of trade

25 What was one effect of the Columbian exchange?

(1) rapid decline in European population(2) economic instability in China and Japan(3) introduction of new foods to both Europe and the Americas(4) spread of Hinduism into Latin America

26 Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René Descartes faced serious challenges to their scientific theories because their ideas

(1) were based on the Bible(2) contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs(3) relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures(4) were not supported by scientific investigations

27 Which statement describes an impact of the Columbian exchange on the lives of Europeans?

(1) The combination of new products and ideas promoted economic growth.(2) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs.(3) Millions of Europeans were killed by new American diseases.(4) Introduction of the Native American religions resulted in the decline of the Roman Catholic Church.

28 What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire?

(1) The Spanish soldiers made effective use of their military technology against the Aztecs.(2) Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence.(3) Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs.(4) The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors.

29 What was the primary economic policy used by the Spanish with their Latin American colonies?

(1) embargoes (3) boycotts(2) tariffs (4) mercantilism

30 Which geographic feature of Spain and Portugal most enhanced their ability to engage in exploration?

(1) peninsular location(2) mountainous region(3) extensive river system(4) fertile plain

31 The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomeu Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the

(1) support of exploration by the English government(2) trade connections established by Ibn Battuta(3) effects of the Atlantic slave trade(4) development of new navigational instruments and technology

32 Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial LatinAmerica?

(1) Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain.(2) Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies.(3) Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies.(4) Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain.

33 The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led to the

(1) use of forced labor(2) establishment of trade unions(3) increase in landownership by Native Americans(4) weakening of the power of peninsulares

34 Base your answer to question 34 on the summaries of the “New Laws” quoted below and on your knowledge of social studies.

. . . Art. 31. All Indians held in encomienda by the viceroys, by their lieutenants, royal officers,prelates, monasteries, hospitals, religious houses, mints, the treasury, etc., are to be transferred forthwith to the Crown. . . .Art. 38. Lawsuits involving Indians are no longer to be tried in the Indies, or by the Council of the Indies, but must be pleaded before the King himself. . . .— New Laws issued by Emperor Charles V, 1542–1543

34 One purpose of these laws was to

(1) reduce local authority and increase central control(2) increase religious authority and limit secular influences(3) guarantee citizenship to Indians while supporting traditional practices(4) promote economic development while expanding political rights for Indians

35 What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange?

(1) The Aztec conquered a vast empire.(2) Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some Europeans.(3) Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for sailors.(4) China closed its borders to foreigners.

36 According to the European policy of mercantilism, colonies should

(1) benefit the mother country(2) trade openly with various countries(3) be left alone to manage their own affairs(4) attempt to gain independence as soon as possible

37 Prices in Spain rose as colonies supplied large amounts of gold and silver. This suggests that Spanish imports of gold and silver led to

(1) food shortages (3) inflation(2) unemployment (4) self-sufficiency

38 The term empire is best defined as

(1) a political unit that has a common religious faith(2) a government ruled by the consent of the people(3) an extensive territory under the rule of a single authority(4) a country that requires conquered peoples to assimilate

39 Which revolution in Europe is most closely associated with the rise of capitalism, the formation of guilds, and the growth of banking systems?

(1) Commercial (3) Agrarian(2) Scientific (4) Glorious

40 A major impact of the Columbian exchange on Western Europe was the introduction of

(1) Christianity that led to the rise of the Catholic Church(2) new food crops that improved the European diet(3) new military technology that weakened local rulers(4) diseases that drastically reduced the population of Europe

41 Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?(1) The existence of natural laws was rejected.(2) Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.(3) New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.(4) The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.

42 The social class system in Latin America during the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the

(1) dominance of Spanish-born nobility(2) emerging equality between classes(3) influence of mestizo economic power(4) increasing social mobility of Native American Indians

43 The use of the terms Encounter and Columbian exchange represents attempts to describe the

(1) nature of cultural interactions(2) establishment of land grants(3) results of scientific innovations(4) origins of divine right theory

44 The Middle Passage is best defined as

(1) a route through the Swiss Alps(2) a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water(3) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas(4) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain

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45 Based on the information shown on this map, most manufactured goods were produced in

(1) the West Indies (3) English colonies(2) Europe (4) Africa

46 Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?

(1) social stability and economic self-sufficiency(2) observation and experimentation(3) technology and military expansion(4) scarcity and interdependence

47 Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration?

(1) Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse.(2) One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas.(3) The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations.(4) Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.

48 One effect of the encomienda system in Latin America was that it

(1) eliminated the use of guilds(2) promoted isolationism(3) exploited indigenous peoples(4) reduced Spanish influence

49 During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770), European countries obtained both a source ofraw materials and a reliable market for their finished goods by developing

(1) the policy of mercantilism(2) laissez-faire principles(3) trade cooperatives(4) forts along the Silk Roads

Base your answer to question 50 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The African Diaspora, 15th Century – 19th Century

50 The arrows on this map, “The African Diaspora,” represent the

(1) development of trade routes in North Africa(2) expansion of African kingdoms involved in the slave trade(3) forced migration of African peoples from their homeland

(4) dependence by Africans on imports for economic development