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1. In the diagram above, add arrows and labels to show the following activities:a) Release of carbon from respiration in the marine food chainb) Mining and burning of coalc) Burning plant material
2. Describe the biological origin of the following geological deposits of coal/oil: ________________________________
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3. Describe the two processes that release carbon in the atmosphere: _______________________________________
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4. Name the four geological reservoirs (sinks), from the diagram above, that can act as a source of carbon:
a) ___________________________________________ c) ___________________________________________
b) ___________________________________________ d) ___________________________________________
5. Explain what would happen to the carbon cycle if there were no decomposers present in an ecosystem:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. In natural circumstances, accumulated reserves of carbon as soil, coal, and oil represent a sink or natural diversion from the cycle. Eventually, the carbon in these sinks returns to the cycle.
a) Describe three human activities that affect these sinks in the carbon cycle: ______________________________
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b) Explain two global effects arising from this activity: _________________________________________________
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1. Describe five instances in the nitrogen cycle where bacterial action is important. Include the name of the processes and the changes to the form of nitrogen involved:
a) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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b) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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c) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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d) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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e) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Identify two natural processes that fix nitrogen:
a) ___________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________
3. Name the main geological reservoir that provides a source of nitrogen: _____________________________________
4. State the form in which nitrogen is available to most plants: ______________________________________________
5. Name a vital organic compound that plants need nitrogen containing ions for: _______________________________
6. Describe how animals acquire the nitrogen they need: ___________________________________________________
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7. Describe ways in which humans may intervene in the nitrogen cycle: _______________________________________
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1. In the diagram, add a labeled arrow to show where one human activity might intervene in the phosphorous cycle.
2. Name two types of molecules found in living organisms which include phosphorous as a part of their structure:
a) ___________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________
3. List the origin of three forms of inorganic phosphate making up the geological reservoirs (sinks):
a) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Describe the processes that must occur on order to make phosphates stored in rocks available to plants again:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Identify one major difference between the phosphorous cycle and the carbon/nitrogen cycles:
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1. Describe two ways in which sulfur can enter the atmosphere from natural sources:
a) ___________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________
2. Describe two ways in which sulfur can enter the atmosphere as a result of human activity:
a) ___________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________
3. Describe three processes that make sulfur in the soil available to uptake by plants:
a) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Describe two major roles of sulfur in the biosphere:
a) ___________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________